物理简史英语句子
物理原理 英语
物理原理英语Physics, a fundamental branch of science, deals with the underlying principles that govern the behavior of matter and energy. The language of physics, often technical and precise, finds its root in the English language, which provides a rich vocabulary and syntax to articulate complex scientific concepts. In this article, we delve into the intersection of physics principles and their English expressions, exploring how the latter helps us comprehend and communicate the former effectively.One of the fundamental principles of physics isNewton's Laws of Motion. These laws, enunciated by Sir Isaac Newton in the 17th century, lay the foundation for classical mechanics. The first law, also known as the Law of Inertia, states that an object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted upon by an external force. The English expression "inertia" encapsulates this concept, referring to the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion.The second law, known as the Law of Acceleration, states that the force acting on an object is equal to the product of its mass and acceleration. This law is expressed in English as F = ma, where F represents force, m represents mass, and a represents acceleration. This equation is a cornerstone of physics, finding applications in various fields ranging from engineering to astronomy.The third law, known as the Law of Action and Reaction, states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This principle is expressed in English through the phrase "action-reaction pair," referring to the pair of forces that always act on two different objects, one being the action force, and the other being the reaction force.Another crucial principle in physics is the law of gravity, which describes the attractive force between two masses. This force is proportional to the masses of the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This principle is captured in English by the term "gravity," which refers to the pull exerted by the Earth on objects, and by the formula F =G(m1m2)/r^2, where F is the force of gravity, G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects, and r is the distance between them.The principles of thermodynamics, which deal with the conversion of heat into other forms of energy, are also expressed in English through specific terminologies. For instance, the zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they will also be in thermal equilibrium with each other. This principle is encapsulated in the term "thermal equilibrium," which refers to a state where thetemperatures of the systems involved are constant and donot change over time.The principles of quantum physics, which govern the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic levels, also find their expression in English. For instance, the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states that it is impossible to simultaneously measure the precise position and momentum of a particle. This principle is expressed in English through the phrase "uncertainty principle," whichrefers to the inherent limitations in our ability to measure physical quantities with absolute precision.In conclusion, the English language plays a pivotalrole in the articulation and comprehension of physics principles. The rich vocabulary and precise syntax of English allow us to convey complex scientific concepts accurately and efficiently. As we delve deeper into the mysteries of the universe, the intersection of physics and English will continue to expand, enabling us to communicate our understanding of the natural world more effectively.。
全英语物理知识点总结
全英语物理知识点总结Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects and the forces that cause them to move. It is divided into two main areas: classical mechanics and quantum mechanics. Classical mechanics describes the behavior of macroscopic objects, such as cars and planets, while quantum mechanics deals with the behavior of subatomic particles.One of the key concepts in classical mechanics is Newton's laws of motion. These laws describe how objects move in response to forces. The first law states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion, unless acted on by an external force. The second law relates the force acting on an object to its acceleration, and the third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.Another important concept in classical mechanics is conservation of energy and momentum. Energy is the ability to do work, and it comes in various forms, such as kinetic energy (energy of motion) and potential energy (energy of position). Momentum is a measure of an object's motion, and it is conserved in a closed system, meaning that the total momentum of the system remains constant over time.In the realm of quantum mechanics, one of the key concepts is the wave-particle duality of matter. This principle states that particles, such as electrons and photons, can behave as both waves and particles. This duality is illustrated in the famous double-slit experiment, where particles can exhibit wave-like interference patterns.Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the transfer of heat and the conversion of energy. It encompasses the laws of thermodynamics, which describe the behavior of thermal systems. The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.The second law of thermodynamics introduces the concept of entropy, which is a measure of the disorder and randomness in a system. It states that in any spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases. This principle underlies many phenomena, such as the tendency of heat to flow from hot to cold objects and the irreversibility of natural processes. Electromagnetism is the branch of physics that deals with the interaction between electric and magnetic fields. One of the key concepts in electromagnetism is Coulomb's law, which describes the force between two electrically charged objects. It states that the force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.Another important concept in electromagnetism is the relationship between electricity and magnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. These equations unify the theories of electricity and magnetism and predict the existence of electromagnetic waves, which include visible light, radio waves, and X-rays.In modern physics, one of the key concepts is the theory of relativity, as developed by Albert Einstein. The theory of relativity encompasses both special relativity, which describes the behavior of objects in inertial reference frames, and general relativity, which describes the behavior of objects in non-inertial reference frames, such as those in gravitational fields.Special relativity introduces the concept of spacetime, which combines the three dimensions of space with the dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum. It also introduces the principle that the speed of light is constant for all observers, regardless of their motion relative to the source of light.General relativity explains gravity as the curvature of spacetime caused by the presence of mass and energy. It predicts phenomena such as time dilation and gravitational lensing, which have been confirmed by experimental observations.Another important concept in modern physics is quantum mechanics, which describes the behavior of matter and energy at the smallest scales. Quantum mechanics introduces the concept of quantization, which means that certain properties, such as energy and angular momentum, can only take on discrete, or quantized, values.One of the key principles of quantum mechanics is the uncertainty principle, as formulated by Werner Heisenberg. This principle states that certain pairs of properties, such as position and momentum, cannot be precisely determined simultaneously. This introduces a fundamental randomness and unpredictability into the behavior of subatomic particles.In conclusion, physics is a vast and complex field that encompasses many key concepts and principles. From classical mechanics to quantum mechanics, from thermodynamics to electromagnetism, and from relativity to quantum theory, physics provides a deep and fundamental understanding of the natural world. By studying these concepts and their applications, we can gain insight into the underlying laws and principles that govern the universe.。
英语物理知识点总结
英语物理知识点总结1. Classical MechanicsClassical mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects and the forces that cause this motion. It is often divided into two main subfields: statics, which deals with the equilibrium of objects at rest, and dynamics, which deals with the motion of objects and the forces that cause this motion.One of the most famous equations in classical mechanics is Newton's second law of motion, which states that the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration. This simple equation has profound implications and forms the foundation of classical mechanics.Other important concepts in classical mechanics include work and energy, momentum, and angular momentum. These concepts help us understand the behavior of objects in motion and are essential for many practical applications, such as engineering and transportation.2. ThermodynamicsThermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and energy. It is a fundamental concept in many areas of science and engineering, including chemistry, biology, and materials science.One of the key principles of thermodynamics is the conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. This principle underlies many of the laws and equations of thermodynamics and plays a crucial role in our understanding of the natural world.Another important concept in thermodynamics is entropy, which is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of any isolated system will always increase over time, leading to the concept of the arrow of time and the irreversibility of certain processes.3. ElectromagnetismElectromagnetism is the branch of physics that deals with the relationship between electricity and magnetism. It is one of the four fundamental forces of nature and plays a crucial role in many everyday phenomena, such as the behavior of electrical circuits, the generation of light and other electromagnetic waves, and the behavior of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields.One of the key equations in electromagnetism is Maxwell's equations, which describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated and how they interact with each other. These equations form the foundation of classical electromagnetism and have profound implications for our understanding of the behavior of light and other electromagnetic waves.Other important concepts in electromagnetism include electric potential, capacitance, inductance, and the behavior of electric and magnetic fields in matter. These concepts are essential for understanding the behavior of electrical circuits, the generation of electric power, and many other practical applications.4. Quantum MechanicsQuantum mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the behavior of matter and energy at very small scales, such as the scale of atoms and subatomic particles. It is a fundamental theory that has revolutionized our understanding of the universe and has led to many technological advancements, such as the development of semiconductors and the theory of quantum computing.One of the key principles of quantum mechanics is the wave-particle duality, which states that matter and energy can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior. This principle underlies many of the phenomena observed at the quantum scale and has profound implications for our understanding of the natural world.Another important concept in quantum mechanics is the uncertainty principle, which states that certain pairs of physical properties, such as position and momentum, cannot be simultaneously measured with arbitrary precision. This principle has important implications for our understanding of the behavior of quantum systems and the limitations of measurement in the quantum world.5. RelativityRelativity is the branch of physics that deals with the behavior of matter and energy at very large scales, such as the scale of stars, galaxies, and the universe at large. It is a fundamental theory that has revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos and has led to many important discoveries, such as the prediction of black holes and the expansion of the universe.One of the key principles of relativity is the principle of the equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass, which states that the gravitational force experienced by an object is equivalent to the inertial force experienced by the object in an accelerating frame of reference. This principle forms the foundation of general relativity and has profound implications for our understanding of the behavior of matter and energy in the presence of gravitational fields.Another important concept in relativity is the speed of light as a fundamental constant, which plays a crucial role in many of the phenomena observed at very large scales, such as the redshift of light from distant galaxies and the bending of light by gravitational fields.In conclusion, physics is a vast and complex field of study that encompasses many key concepts and topics. From classical mechanics to relativity, from thermodynamics to quantum mechanics, the foundational principles of physics have revolutionized ourunderstanding of the natural world and the universe at large. By studying these key concepts and topics, we gain valuable insights into the behavior of matter and energy and the fundamental principles that govern the cosmos. Physics is not only a fundamental science, but also a source of inspiration for many technological advancements that have transformed our world.。
论世界物理史英文八百词
论世界物理史英文八百词The period of modern physics is also called the period of classical physics,which is the birth,development and perfection of classical physics from the 16th century to the 19th century.Modern physics began with a breakthrough in astronomy.As early as the fourth century BC,the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle had put forward the geocentric theory,that is,the earth is located at the center of the universe.In 140 AD,the ancient Greek astronomer Ptolemy published his 13 volumes of Astronomy,summing up the work of predecessors on the basis of a systematic establishment of the geocentric theory.According to this theory,the earth is spherical and sits at the center of the universe.It is stationary and all the other heavenly bodies revolve around the earth.This theory apparently explains the phenomenon that the sun,moon and stars rise and fall in the east and the west and go round and round every day,and conforms to God's creation of human beings,and the earth must reign supreme in the universe.Religious doctrine of supreme importance,thus spread for more than 1300 years.In the 15th century,Copernicus established theheliocentric theory of science after years of research on astronomy,and wrote the Declaration of independence of natural science,Theory of the Movement of Celestial Bodies,which issued a strong challenge to the geocentric theory.At the beginning of the 16th century,Kepler proposed three laws of planetary motion through the analysis of a large number of accurate astronomical data obtained from Tycho.Kepler's theory provided an important foundation for the establishment of Newton's classical mechanics.Since Kepler,astronomy has truly become an exact science,a pioneer of modern science.Galileo,the father of modern physics,used homemade telescopes to observe astronomical phenomena and made the idea of heliocentric theory deeply rooted in people's minds.He proposed the law of falling bodies and the concept of inertial motion,and used ideal experiment and inclined plane experiment to refute Aristotle's wrong view that heavy objects fall fast,and discovered the law of free falling bodies.He proposed the principle of inertia,refuted Aristotle's view that external force is to maintain the motion of objects,and laid the foundation for the establishment of the law ofinertia.Galileo's discoveries and the method of scientific reasoning he used were one of the greatest achievements in thehistory of human thought and marked the true beginning of physics.In the 16th century,Newton summarized the previous research results and systematically put forward the three laws of motion of mechanics,which completed the unification of classical mechanics.One of the great milestones in the history of physics was the establishment of the law of gravitation in the late 16th century.In the following two centuries,there was a great development period of electricity.Faraday completed the mutual transformation of electricity and magnetism with experimental methods,and creatively proposed the concept of field.In the 19th century,Maxwell established electromagnetic field equations on the basis of Faraday's research and his excellent mathematical skills,which completed the perfect unification of electricity and magnetism in mathematical form and completed the unification of electromagnetism.At the same time,thermodynamics and optics also developed rapidly,and classical physics gradually became perfect.The period of modern physics,from the end of the 19th century to now,is the birth and revolutionary development of modern physics.At the end of the 19th century,after a series ofachievements in mechanics,thermodynamics,statistical physics and electrodynamics,many physicists thought that the edifice of physics had been built and that younger generations would just have to tinker with it.However,the calm and clear sky of physics was shattered by the appearance of two dark clouds.The first cloud was the Michelson Morley experiment,in which the expected aether wind was not detected,meaning that there was no absolute reference frame,meaning that the speed of light was isotropic and independent of the motion of the light source.The second cloud is the black body radiation experiment,the results cannot be explained by classical theory.These two dark clouds in a calm sky eventually led to a radical change in physics.At the beginning of the 20th century,Einstein boldly abandoned traditional ideas and creatively proposed the special theory of relativity.Solved the problem of invariable speed of light for good.The special theory of relativity closely links matter,time and space,reveals the inner connection among the three,puts forward the viewpoint of length contraction of moving matter and time expansion,completely overturns Newton's absolute space-time view,and completes a great space-time revolution in human history.A decade later,Einstein postulated the principle of equivalence and theprinciple of general covariation,on which he developed his general theory of relativity,which revealed the nature of gravity,the fact that the presence of matter causes space-time to curve.The establishment of the theory of relativity provides a powerful weapon for the study of modern cosmology.The second black cloud in physics,the black-body radiation problem,is in Planck,Einstein,Bohr and a large number of physicists under the efforts,ultimately led to the emergence and rise of quantum mechanics.Planck introduced the hypothesis of energy quantum,which marked the birth of quantum physics and had epoch-making significance.Einstein,for his part,expressed enthusiastic support for the new quantum baby.In 1905,he proposed the hypothesis of ight quantum,which regarded quantum as a radiation particle and endowed quantum with reality.He also successfully explained the photoelectric effect experiment and defended and developed quantum ter Bohr proposed the Bohr model of hydrogen atom under the influence of Planck and Einstein's quantization concept and Rutherford's nuclear structure model.。
《万物简史》序言节选及英文版
《万物简史》序言节选及英文版欢迎，欢迎。
恭喜，恭喜。
我很高兴，你居然成功了。
我知道，来到这个世界很不容易。
事实上，我认为比你知道的还要难一些。
首先，你现在来到这个世界，几万亿个游离的原子不得不以某种方式聚集在一起，以复杂而又奇特的方式创造了你。
这种安排非常专门，非常特别，过去从未有过，存在仅此一回。
在此后的许多年里，（我希望）这些小粒子将任劳任怨地进行几十亿次的巧妙合作，把你保持完好，让你经历一次极其惬意而又赏心悦目的旅程，那就是生存。
为什么原子这样自找麻烦，这还搞不大清楚。
形成你，对原子来说并不是一件心旷神怡的事情。
尽管它们如此全神贯注，组成你的原子其实对你并不在乎--实际上甚至不知道你在哪里。
它们实际上也不知道自己在哪里。
它们毕竟是没有头脑的粒子，连自己也没有生命。
（要是你拿起一把镊子，把原子一个一个从你的身上夹下来，你就会变成一大堆细微的原子尘土，其中哪个原子也从未有过生命，而它们又都曾是你的组成部分，这是个挺有意思的想法。
）然而，在你的生存期间，它们都担负着同一个任务：使你成为你。
原子很脆弱，它们的献身时刻倏忽而过--简直是倏忽而过，这是个坏消息。
连寿命很长的人也总共只活大约100万个小时。
而当那个不太遥远的终结点或沿途某个别的终点飞快地出现在你眼前的时候，由于未知的原因，你的原子们将宣告你生命的结束，然后散伙，悄然离去成为别的东西。
你也就到此为止。
不过，这事儿还是发生了，你可以感到高兴。
总的来说，据我们所知，这类事情在宇宙别的地方是没有的。
这的确很怪，原子们如此大方、如此协调地聚集在一起，构成地球上的生物，而同一批原子在别处是不肯这么做的。
不说别的，从化学的角度来说，生命只有这个世界上才有，真是不可思议：碳、氢、氧、氮、一点儿钙、一点儿硫，再加上一点儿很普通的别的元素--在任何普通药房里都找得着的东西--这些就是你的全部需要。
原子们惟一特别的地方就是：它们形成了你。
当然，这正是生命的奇迹。
物理学史HistoryofPhysics
二、 亚里士多德的物理学
（一）、其物理学的特点
1.物理现象虽被发现和记录下来， 但未形成系统的理论。
2.受神学的支配很强。
3.天才的臆测建立在笼统的直觉观 察之中。
（二）、亚里士多德的物理学 1、亚里士多德(公元前384-公元前322）:马其顿国王私
人医生的儿子，18岁进入柏拉图学院 ，他爱独立思考,老师 传授的知识,他都要寻根究底地仔细研究,他不盲从.以致在许 多问题上他与柏拉图的观点不同.他说过这样的话:教师是可 尊敬的,但真理更可贵。约在公元前342 年，他成为亚力山大 大帝的私人教师。一生著作颇丰，在科学领域里起着奠基性 的作用。
《考工记》是春秋末年齐国人的著作，是 中国最早的一部手工艺专著，部分地反 映了当时中国所达到的科学技术和工艺 水平，作者不详，战国时期已经流传。
《考工记》介绍了木制马车的总体设计， 详细记叙了木车的几种主要部件。
早在春秋时期，中国就使用抛石机了。后来，唐朝孙 思邈发明了火药， 并逐渐用于军事。在北宋年间，出现 了突火枪，这是一种竹子做的管状火器，内安“子巢”， 战时点燃火药，用火烧敌人。能够起到震撼敌人的作用。
物理学史（History of Physics）
亚里士多德（Aristoteles，前384-前322 的著 作“physis”，是“physics”一词的最早起源。
中文“物理”一词追溯到杜甫的《曲江二酒 》
一片花飞减却春,风飘万点正愁人. 且看欲尽花经眼,莫厌伤多酒入唇. 江上小堂巢翡翠,苑边高冢卧麒麟. 细推物理须行乐,何用浮名绊此身.
僧侣主义扼杀了亚里士多德学说中活的东西，而 使僵死的东西永世长 存。 ——列宁
三、阿基米德的物理学
阿基米德(公元前287-公元前212年)：阿基 米德是古希腊伟大的数学家、力学家。约公元 前287年出生于西西里岛的叙古拉，公元前212 年卒于同地。
和物理有关的作文句子英语
和物理有关的作文句子英语From the smallest particle to the vast cosmos, physics unlocks the secrets of the universe, challenging our understanding of reality.1. The discovery of the Higgs boson at CERN marked a monumental leap in our comprehension of the fundamental forces that shape our existence.2. Through the lens of quantum mechanics, we peer into the probabilistic nature of subatomic particles, where uncertainty is the only certainty.3. As Einstein's theory of relativity suggests, time and space are not the static stage we once believed, but a dynamic fabric that warps and stretches with mass and energy.4. The laws of thermodynamics not only govern the behavior of heat and energy but also provide profound insights into the very direction of time itself.5. In the realm of astrophysics, black holes stand as enigmatic sentinels, their gravitational pull so strong that not even light can escape their clutches.6. The development of the Standard Model has been a triumph of modern physics, cataloging the elementary particles that make up all known matter.7. The quest for a unified theory continues to be a driving force in physics, as scientists seek to reconcile the seemingly incompatible realms of quantum mechanics andgeneral relativity.8. Nanotechnology, a field born from the principles of physics, promises to revolutionize industries by manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scale.9. The Doppler effect, a simple yet powerful principle,allows astronomers to measure the velocities of celestial bodies, providing a deeper understanding of the universe's expansion.10. As we harness the power of nuclear fusion, the processthat powers the stars, we edge closer to a future where clean, abundant energy could be within our grasp.11. The concept of dark matter and dark energy introduces usto the idea that the majority of our universe is composed of substances that remain invisible to our current methods of detection.12. The study of physics is not just about equations and experiments; it's a journey into the heart of nature, where every discovery has the potential to reshape our world.。
简单介绍物理的英语作文
简单介绍物理的英语作文Title: An Introduction to Physics。
Physics is the fundamental science that seeks to understand the behavior of the universe, from the smallest subatomic particles to the vast expanses of space. It encompasses a wide range of phenomena and concepts, providing insights into the natural world and the laws that govern it.One of the central concepts in physics is that of motion. Motion refers to the change in position of an object over time and is described in terms of velocity, acceleration, and momentum. The study of motion forms the basis of classical mechanics, which was first formulated by Sir Isaac Newton in the 17th century. Newton's laws of motion, including the famous second law (F = ma), provide a framework for understanding how objects move and interact with each other.In addition to classical mechanics, physics also encompasses the study of electricity and magnetism. These two phenomena are closely related and are described by Maxwell's equations, which were formulated by James Clerk Maxwell in the 19th century. Electricity and magnetism underpin many modern technologies, including computers, telecommunications, and power generation.Another important area of physics is thermodynamics, which deals with the transfer of heat and energy. Thermodynamics explores concepts such as temperature, entropy, and the laws of thermodynamic equilibrium. This branch of physics is essential for understanding processes such as energy conversion, refrigeration, and the behavior of gases.Quantum mechanics is perhaps the most revolutionary and mysterious branch of physics. It deals with the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels and challenges our classical intuition about the nature of reality. Quantum mechanics has led to groundbreaking discoveries such as the wave-particle duality of light and matter, aswell as the phenomenon of quantum entanglement.The theory of relativity, formulated by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century, revolutionized our understanding of space and time. The theory comes in two forms: special relativity, which deals with the behavior of objects moving at high speeds, and general relativity, which describes the gravitational force as the curvature of spacetime. Relativity has profound implications for cosmology, the study of the universe on the largest scales.Cosmology itself is a branch of physics that seeks to understand the origin, evolution, and ultimate fate of the universe. It combines principles from astronomy, astrophysics, and particle physics to study phenomena such as the Big Bang, dark matter, and dark energy.In conclusion, physics is a vast and diverse field of study that encompasses everything from the behavior of subatomic particles to the structure of the universe. It provides the foundation for many other scientific disciplines and has led to countless technologicaladvancements that have transformed the world we live in. Whether you're interested in understanding the forces that shape the cosmos or the interactions of everyday objects, physics offers a fascinating journey of discovery.。
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亚里士多德：古希腊科学家哲学家。
柏拉图大弟子。
创造了这门学科的名称“物理”将物理学从哲学重分开，从月食和星座的变迁推证了地球是圆形的。
他在理论和方法上有重大缺陷，后期被伽利略纠正。
他提出：地心说，下落运动快慢有两个因素：1运动通过的媒质不同,2运动物体自身轻重不同。
因为他说：物体下落的时间与重量成正比。
提出天体表面平滑。
阿基米德：古希腊物理学家，数学家。
静力学流体静力学奠基人。
主要贡献是系统总结并严格证明了杠杆定律，为静力学奠定基础。
提出了精确确定物体重心的方法，指出在物体的重心处被支起来，就能使物体保持平衡。
提出：给我一个支点，我能挪动地球。
为了坚定纯金王冠是否参假，作出了关于浮体问题的重大发现，总结出阿基米德原理。
哥白尼：波兰天文学家，日心说创立者。
第谷：丹麦天文学家，指出，星座一成不变的说法是错误的。
发现仙后座有一颗前所未见的“新星”，称为第谷星。
开普勒的老师。
伽利略：意大利天文学家，数学家，物理学家，哲学家。
试图以阿基米德的浮力原理解释落体运动，认为在真空中物体下落的速度和他的密度成正比（与介质的密度差成正比），这个想法未摆脱亚里士多德思想的影响。
落体运动：发现物体在空中运动不仅和他的重量和密度有关，还与大小形状有关，是他意识到空气阻力的存在。
斜面运动：物体沿斜面向下运动，速度增大，向上运动速度减小，运动到平面（光滑）会永远运动下去。
天文观察：发现天体表面不平滑。
单摆摆的等时性。
开普勒：德国天文学家，光学家。
第谷的助手。
提出光的照度定律，提出小角度情况下折射角与入射角成正比。
发表了开普勒三定律。
证明了哥白尼日心说。
推动了万有引力的研究。
笛卡尔：法国，提出了光的本质是粒子流的假说。
并认为在太空中存在极其精细的以太。
反对引力说。
惠更斯：荷兰物理学家，天文学家，数学家。
对力学的发展和光学的研究都有杰出贡献。
根据伽利略摆的等时性制造了机械钟。
发现了弹簧丝振荡等时性，为怀表和手表的发明创造了条件。
根据他所做摆的实验和一般圆周运动实验，推算出了向心力定律。
因受笛卡尔反对引力说影响，使他没能坚持向心力定律。
也没能在天体运动上应用向心力定律。
验证了光的波动说，推导出了光的反射和折射定律。
可以预料到光的衍射现象，菲涅尔补充了光的波动性。
胡克：英国物理学家，天文学家，胡克弹性定律。
提出光的波动说，提出光是横波。
提出万有引力于距离平方成正比。
牛顿：英语物理学家，数学家，天文学家，经典物理学理论的创立者。
在开普勒行星运动三定律的基础上提出了万有引力定律。
卡文迪许用实验证实了万有引力的存在，并测量出万有引力恒量的数值，万有引力的发现奠定了天体力学的基础。
力学上：他在伽利略基础上总结出了机械运动三定律。
光学上，他利用棱镜将太阳光分成了7种颜色，为现代光谱分析建立基础。
在认识光的本性上，创立了微粒说，发明了微积分。
创立了经典力学体系。
卡文迪许：英国物理学家化学家。
卡文迪许通过扭秤实验，验证了牛顿万有引力定律，并且确定了万有引力常数和地球的平均密度。
他首先研究了两个带电体的相互作用，为库伦发现库仑定律做了基础。
他先于法拉第证实了电容器的电容与两极板间的物质有关。
他还先于欧姆发现了导体两端的电压与电流成正比。
库伦：法国物理学家，发明了扭秤，利用这种装置算出了静电力和磁力大小。
建立了静电学中的库伦定律。
布朗：英国著名植物学家。
布朗运动的发现。
安培：法国物理学家，数学家。
他最先预见了氟氯碘三种物质是元素，独立的发现了阿伏伽德罗定律。
右手定则。
提出了分子电流假说。
阿伏伽德罗：意大利物理学家，化学家，致力于原子-分子学说，首先引入了分子的概念，并把他与原子概念区别，指出原子时化学反应中的最小粒子，分子是能独立存在的最小粒子阿伏伽德罗定律将化学和物理统一起来。
奥斯特：丹麦物理学家。
发现了电流的磁效应，根据这个安培发现了电流间的相互作用，阿拉果制成了第一个电磁铁，施魏格发明了电流计。
欧姆：德国，巧妙设计了电流扭秤，总结了出欧姆定律，法拉第：英国最伟大的实验物理学家，戴维的得力助手。
发现了电磁感应现象，还发现了电解定律，光磁效应，制造了第一台发电机。
韦伯：德国物理学家。
磁通量的是实用制单位。
发明了多种灵敏的磁强计和其他磁学仪器。
与科尔劳施合作，测定电荷量的电磁单位和静电单位的比值，其数值与光速看见你我想起了冬天的莲花夏天的飘雪春风中飞舞的金黄落叶秋月下消融的冰冷溪水我之前从未见过这些只有诗会描绘不可能的情景正如我之前从未见过不可能的你。
接近，这一结果为麦克斯韦推断光是电磁波的重要依据。
将库仑定律，安培电动力定律和法拉点电磁感应定律同一到了一个公式中。
焦耳：英国物理学家。
焦耳最早的工作室电学和磁学方面的研究，后转向对功热转化的实验研究，提出电流通过导体产生热量的定律，不久楞次也发现了同样的定律，被称为焦耳-楞次定律。
开尔文：英国物理学家。
电磁学，热力学，海底电缆，电工仪器，波动和涡流，以太学说。
麦克斯韦：英国物理学家。
建立了统一的电磁场理论和光的电磁理论，预言了电磁波的存在。
汤姆生：发现了电子。
赫兹：德国物理学家。
实验证实了电磁波的存在。
通过实验证实了电磁波是横波，具有与类似的特征。
如反射，并且实验了两列电磁波的干涉，同时证实了在直线传播时，电磁波的传播速度与光速相同，从而全面验证了麦克斯韦的电磁理论的正确性。
发现了光电效应。
为爱因斯坦建立光量子理论作基础。
普朗克:近代德国物理学家。
量子论奠基人。
提出量子假说。
卢瑟福：英国物理学家，根据a粒子通过金箔的散射实验发现了原子核，提出了原子的行星模型。
爱因斯坦：最伟大的物理学家，科学革命的旗手。
狭义相对论，广义相对论，宇宙学，统一场论，他是量子理论的主要创建者之一。
玻尔：提出了原子核的液滴模型，对一些类型的核反应做出了说明，相当好的解释了重核的裂变1、伽利略（1）通过理想实验推翻了亚里士多德“力是维持运动的原因”的观点（2）推翻了亚里士多德“重的物体比轻物体下落得快”的观点 2、开普勒：提出开普勒行星运动三定律； 3、牛顿（1）提出了三条运动定律。
（2）发现表万有引力定律；13、亨利：发现自感现象。
18、德布罗意：预言了实物粒子的波动性作文万能句（一）段首句1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。
一些人认为……There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。
首先，……；其次，……。
更为糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。
Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。
它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.看见你我想起了冬天的莲花夏天的飘雪春风中飞舞的金黄落叶秋月下消融的冰冷溪水我之前从未见过这些只有诗会描绘不可能的情景正如我之前从未见过不可能的你。
9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 10. 根（二）中间段落句1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。
On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。
最糟糕的是……。
But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。
首先，……。
而且……，最重要的是……______is necessary and important to our country"s development and construction. First，______.What"s more, _____.Most important of all,______.8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。