【K12学习】人教版高中英语Book5 Unit4 语法导学案
高中英语新人教版精品教案《必修5 Unit4 Grammar》
必修5 Unit4 GrammarmarQ: Which entenceueBeijingitae did I mae2 Never before have we een uch a ight3Sedom doe he go to choo ate思考 分析比较让学生通过观察，总结语法规则和结构。
通过口头翻译训练，让学生把所学的语法规则运用于实际语言表达创设情景 导入新课通过观察例句总结概念总结语法规则总结用一首含有部分倒装句的英文歌曲导入任务一：观察例句总结用法和结构任务二：课堂训练任务三：回顾总结部分倒装的规则语法学习的延伸，综合运用语言的能力课堂练习巩固所学知识内容任务一：结合例句理解部分倒装句的概念规则任务二：分析部分倒装的概念 任务三：总结部分倒装的一般结构Sef-refection on teaching 教学课后反思In thi ca, tudent can do what I aed active at firt: finding out the entence uing ot of the eercie, for eamation in thi ca i too much, when there are other more difficut ituation, the can’t diget o quic A few of them are even confued about the two te for me to eore detai VII．Aement of the ca 课堂评估Uing the modern teaching wa, thi ca aroued the tudent’ interet, review the baicgrammar about entence ote their ogic thining in Engih With the heae the anguage more meaningfuBut becaue the Engih bai of the tudent i not o good, the cannot diget a the information in uch a hort time It need the teacher to ore time to find more avaiabe wa to imrove the tudent’ abiit to undertand and ue it feib。
人教课标版高二英语必修5Unit4 语法精品学案
Unit4 语法精品学案学习目标学习重点1. here, there ,out等置于句首2. 含有否定意义的副词或连词，如never, hardly, seldom, little, at no time, 等放在句首时。
学习难点部分倒装学生活动二次备课自主研讨目标导入To learn full inversion & partial inversion在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。
但有时谓语的全部或者一部分（通常是助动词或情态动词）却提到主语的前面，这种语序叫做“倒装”。
自学与诊断合作互互动展示The students discuss the exercises with their partner and then show their results.动精讲与点拨全部倒装：把谓语全部提到主语之前,即…… + 谓语+ 主语1.用于there be 句型2.在以here, there, now, then等副词开头的句子里, 谓语动词常为be, come, go等3.表示方向的副词out, in, up, down, away, off 等置于句首，要用全部倒装。
部分倒装：把助动词, 情态动词, 系动词放在主语之前，即: 助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语+ 谓语剩下的部分。
1.Only + _____ (副词, 介词短语或从句) 放在句首时。
2. 含有否定意义的副词或连词，如never, hardly, seldom, little, at no time, not until, no/not, rarely 等放在句首时。
Hardly/scarcely … when …, No sooner … than …Not until…Not only…but also…检测评价达标与检测[强化练习]1. —Why can’t I smoke here?—At no time _____ in the meeting room.A. is smoking permittedB. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD. does smoking permit2. Not until the early years of the 19th century _____ whatheat is.A. man did knowB. man knewC. didn’t man knowD. did man know3. Only after my friend came _____.A. did the computer repairB. he repaired thecomputerC. was the computer repairedD. the computer wasrepairedKeys: ADCUnit 4 Reading课文语法填空My First Work Assighment一、语法填空(根据课文内容、依据语法规则完成下面短文）It is Zhou Yang’s first day at the office of a popular English newspaper. He is excited and eager to go out 1________ a story on his own, but he can’t because he isn’t 2________ (experience) enough. His new boss,Hu Xin, is telling him 3________ to be a good reporter.To be a good reporter, one needs to be curious, which enables one to ask many different questions and acq uire all the information he needs to know. Besides, it’s important for a reporter to have a good “nose” 4________ a story, 5________ (know) if someone is telling the whole truth. And while 6________ (interview) people, a reporter has to listen to the answers 7________ (careful) because he has to listen to the 8________ (detail) facts and prepare the next question 9________ (depend) on what people say. If possible, a reporter can________ record the interview in case he 10________ (accuse) of printing lies.参考答案：一、1. on2. experienced3. how4. for5. knowing6. interviewing7. carefully8. detailed9. depending10. is accusedUnit4 Warming up精品说课稿一．教材分析1. 单元背景分析人们的生活离不开新闻，每天我们可以通过电视，报纸，杂志或者网络来获得新闻。
【K12学习】[新版]人教课标版高中英语必修五 Unit4 Grammar名师教案[精]
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[新版]人教课标版高中英语必修五 Unit4Grammar名师教案[精]Unit4 Grammar名师教学设计 Book 5 Unit 4: Making the news Section 3 语法课框架单教材版本：人教版册数：Book 5 单元：Unit 4 课型：语法课-Section3 教材分析本单元的中心话题是“新闻”，内容主要涉及新闻工作者应该具备的素质和新闻采访的基本程序等。
语言技能和语言知识主要围绕“新闻”这一中心话题来设计。
“语言学习”部分分为词汇学习和语法学习两部分。
语法学习部分设计了句型转换、完成句子、编写小故事等活动。
通过这些语言练习及活动，引导学生发现并初步运用本单元的语法“倒装”。
因此本单元学习中既要通过阅读文本考查学生对“倒装”这一语法现象的掌握情况，也可以通过找出文章中以never，not only和only if 开头的句子，来对比分析倒装句的特点。
语言目标： 1. 学生能掌握过“倒装”这一语法现象。
2. 学生能通过练习理解“倒装”中的语法规则。
语义目标： 1. 学生能准确区分“完全倒装”和“部分倒装”。
教学目标 2. 学生能正确进行句型转换。
语用目标： 1. 学生能正确理解倒装句。
2. 学生能在语境中正确地使用倒装句的语法规则。
情感目标： 1.学生能对语法学习变得更感兴趣； 2.学生能逐渐形成通过文本学习主动归纳语法现象的意识。
学习策略： 1. 通过分析对比，发现语法现象； 2. 通过语境设计灵活运用语法现象。
教学重点：教学 1. 通过训练学生能形成归纳总结语法现象中基本规则的能力； 2. 通过学习学生能了解倒装句的语法规则，并正确使用这些语法规则。
重难点建议教法教学流程教学评价教学难点： 1.学生能正确理解倒装句； 2.学生能准确区分“完全倒装”和“部分倒装”。
任务型教学法学生通过大量阅读分析倒装句，总结归倒装句的特点及其意义。
情景交际法在熟悉语法现象的前提下，创造语境在交际活动中灵活使用倒装句这一语法现象。
英语必修五人教版book5 unit4 grammar 教学设计
BOOK 5 unit4 grammar教学设计Teaching goals:1 help students to grasp some important grammar rules on inversion.2 students can freely and correctly use inverted sentences. Teaching importance:Full inversion and partial inversionTeaching difficulties:Rules on partial inversionExercises on the grammar.Teaching method:Comparative analysis approachTeaching proceduresStep 1 greetingsStep 2 self-learning：请观察1.The men’s 110 hurdles come now.The athletes rush out.They jump up.John runs so fast that he breaks the school record.We shall never forget the exciting moment.2.Now come the men’s 110 hurdles.Out rush the athletes.Up they jump.So fast does John run that he breaks the school record.Never shall we forget the exciting moment.你喜欢哪一组？第一组为_____ 语序，第二组为______语序。
1 The bus comes here.Here comes the bus .2 You can learn English well only in this way .Only in this way can you learn English well.倒装分为___种倒装。
新人教版高二英语必修五第四单元语法---倒装导学案
课题第四单元语法---------倒装【课前准备】learning-guide paper; double colored pen; notebook【复习回顾】Review the words and the sentences we recited this morning. 【教学内容】full inversion & partial inversion〔教学目标〕to learn and use two kinds of inversion:在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。
但有时谓语的全部或者一部分（通常是助动词或情态动词）却提到主语的前面，这种语序叫做“倒装”。
〔教学过程〕：全部倒装全部倒装结构：把谓语全部提到主语之前。
观察一：比较下面每组句子。
1.The boy went away.Away went the boy.2.The dog rushed out.Out rushed the dog.3.The girl came in.In came the girl.4. The old lady comes here.Here comes the old lady.5. Your turn comes now.Now comes your turn.归纳一：表示方位、时间、地点的副词_____ _____ _____ up, down, off_____ there _____ then等位于句首时句子用______________.观察二：比较下面每组句子。
1. A little boy stands under the tree.Under the tree stands a little boy.2. A lake lies in the east of the town.East of the town lies a lake. 3.A picture hangs on the wall.ON the wall hangs a picture.归纳二：表示_____的副词或介词短语位于句首时句子用___________.观察三：比较下面每组句子。
Book5 Unit4 倒装句用法导学案
5.虚拟条件句的省略与倒装
当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，可以将if省略，把had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句：
If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.如果你昨天来，你就会见到他了。
【过关练习】
The weather was so coldthat we had to stay at home.天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。
So coldthat we had to stay at home.
4.“so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”的倒装
当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”这种倒装结构：
10.Not only（他是）a teacher, but he is also a poet.
Keys:
一、1. does he did he
2. can we
3.was the weather
4. does willI
5. WereI
二、1. goes the bell are my suggestions
（给你）
(3)其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live，exist等表示状态的动词：
Therestood a desk against the wall.靠墙放着一张书桌。
Thereexists no life on the moon.
人教版高中英语Book+5+Unit+4+Making+the+news导学案
Book 5 Unit 4 Making the news导学案【学习目标】1、牢固掌握Unit5 中的重点单词、短语、句型。
2、通过独立思考和小组合作，能灵活运用语法----倒装。
3、全力以赴，激情投入，享受学习的快乐！【重难点】全倒装和部分倒装【能力培养】能灵活运用所学知识，提高自己发现并解决问题的能力。
【使用说明】提前下发导学案，根据要求预习课文，完成导学案上的内容，标出疑难点，准备上课小组讨论解决。
【学法指导】1、充分预习，熟读课文，认真研究导学案。
运用好双色笔，在课本上划出导学案上的单词短语句型，标注出自己不懂的问题。
2、限时自主完成，规范书写，独立思考；小组合作探讨，答疑解惑。
Period 1一. 英汉互译1.不同寻常的；独特的adj. unusual2.同事n. colleague3.更新；使现代化vt. update4.告知；通知vt. inform5.最后期限n. deadline6.情况；病例；案例n. case7. 故意地adv. deliberately8. 递交；呈递（文件等）vt.submit9. 犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的adj.guilty10. 出版；发行；发表；公布vt. publish11. 彻底的；详尽的adj. thorough12. 有天赋的adj.gifted13. 家庭主妇 n.housewife14. 部门；部；处；系n.department15. 精确的；正确的adj.accurate16. 年长的；高年级的；高级的adj.senior17. 主要的；首席的adj.首领；长官n. chief18. journalist n. 记者；新闻工作者19. involve vt. 牵涉；涉及；包括；使参与（卷入）……20. deny vt. 否认；拒绝21. eager adj. 渴望的；热切的22. amateur n. 业余爱好者23. acquire vt. 获得；取得；学到24. assess vt. 评估；评定25. meanwhile adv. 其间；同时26. sceptical adj. 怀疑的（<美>skeptical）27. demand n. 需求；要求vt. 强烈要求28. scoop n. 抢先获得的新闻、利润等；勺子；铲子29. section n. 部分；节30. concise adj. 简明的；简练的31. crime n. 罪行；犯罪32. approve vt. 赞成；认可；批准33. negative n. 底片；否定adj. 否定的；消极的34 negative n. 底片；否定adj. 否定的；消极的.二.词汇拓展1. editor n. n.（版本）vt.2. photograph vt. n.（摄影师） n.（摄影）3.forget v adj.（难忘的）adj.（健忘的）4. assignment n. v5. delighted adj.n.v6. admire v adj.n.7. assist vt.n.（帮助）n.（助手）8. profession n.adj.9. eager adj.adv.n.10. interviewee n.n.(采访者)v.（采访）11. accuse vt.n.12. demand v adj.13.imagine v. adj.(可想象的) adj.富于想象力的adj.（遐想的，虚构的）14. technic n. adj. adv三．重点词组(英汉互译)1.全神贯注于2.通知某人做某事3.以防万一4.因……控告……5.因……而愧疚6.so as to do7.in a dilemma8.ahead of time9.be guilty of a crime10.depend on三．重点句型1．与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句His discussion with his new boss，Hu Xin(HX), was to strongly influence(必将会产生重要影响) his life as a journalist.3．not only引导的倒装句Not only am I interested(我不仅只是感兴趣) in photography，but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.4．“only＋状语”位于句首的倒装句Only if (只有) you ask many different questions will you acquire(你才会收集到) all the information you need to know.探究案：一.语境填词1．The film does an ___________(admire) job of describing life in the 1940s.2．I first met Maria in ________(usual) circumstances－we were both stuck in a Brazilian airport.3．Most athletes are highly-trained ____________(profession), who spend their whole time practicing.4．I have a doctor's ______________(appoint) tomorrow morning at nine o'clock.5．Sue is ________(gift) with a talent for playing the piano as well as singing.6．This kind of operation is now __________(technical) possible, but it is still risky.7．The children were ________(delight) that there were enough cookies for each of them to have two.8．Betty has worked as a sales ________(assist) at Macy's since she came here.( Admirable unusual professionals appointment gifted technically delighted assistant)二．翻译句子1．我希望成为一名记者，以便能够采访新鲜事件。
【K12学习】新课标高二英语book5 unit4 导学案及答案
新课标高二英语book5 unit4 导学案及答案20XX-20XX 学年北流高中高二英语必修五导学案主编：李洁审核: 罗统秋谭耿组员：高二英语备课组Unit 4 Making the news【学习目标】理解并掌握，巩固本单元的词汇【学习重难点】掌握重点单词短语用法：delighted, assist, concentrate, acquire, assess, inform, meanwhile, demand, approve, process, concentrate on, depend on, accuse…of, so as to (do sth.), ahead of, have a nose for. 【学习过程】一、通过MP3 熟读本单元单词。
二、结合《新课程学习与测评》自学本单元重要单词、短语的用法。
三、1.完成《新课程学习与测评》Section II、Section III重点单词和重点短语的练习2. 完成《学英语》第8期第三版面Part 1 目标训练, Part2 和Part 3 的练习。
Unit 4 Period 2 Warming up ﹠ reading 【学习目标】阅读文章，掌握大意。
【学习过程】一、课前自学,结合《新课程学习与测评》unit4, Section 1和《学英语》第8期Part1设置的题目阅读P25-P26的文章，了解大意； 1. What’s the main idea of the text2. Why was Zhou Yang’s first work assignment unforgettable3. What Zhou Yang should do at first4. What does Zhou Yang need to remember when he goes out to cover a story 二、上课结合PPT检测学生自习情况；三、课后学生再次阅读P25-P26的文章，标示疑难句，划出文章中出现的重点单词和重点短语。
【K12学习】高二英语必修五第四单元导学案
高二英语必修五第四单元导学案高二英语必修五导学案 Unit4 Making the news一、语言要点I单元要点预览词语[xx]1. occupation/profession/job/work 2. acquire /obtain/get/gain 3. accuse/charge /progress/procedure 5. accurate /correct/exact/right[:Z§xx§] 辨析[学+科+网] 1. employ v.雇佣,使用 employment n.雇佣 employer雇佣者, employee受雇者词形 2. approve v.赞成,批准变 3. profession n.职业,专业化 4. guilt n.犯罪词汇部分[来approval n,赞成,批准professional adj.专业的guilty adj. 犯罪的,内疚的 1) concentrate vt.集中；聚集 2) course n.过程；进程；课程；一道菜源学+科+网Z+X+X+K] 3) trade n.行业；贸易；商业重4) defend vt.防护；辩护；护卫点 5) senior adj.年长的；高年级的；高级的单6) approve vt. 赞成；称许；批准词 7) polish vt.擦亮；磨光；润色 8) employ vt. 雇用, 用, 使用 9) intention n. 意图, 目的重点词组Not only am I interested in photograph, but I took a course at university, so it’s actually one’s own 独自；独立 2. have a good ―nose‖for sth 探查发现某事物的能力 3. be supposed to应当；认为必须4. look forward to盼望 5. be guilty of有罪;因…负疚 6. so as to 以致;为了重点句子 of special interest to me. 重点语法过去分词做表语和定语 (见语法专题) II 词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1). occupation/profession/job/work n. 工作,职业【解释】occupation较为正式,常用于所填的表格上profession常指需要专门技能，尤指需要较高教育水平的行业,职业. job可数名词,可指独立的一份工作或职位 work 不可数名词,泛指一切工作【练习】选择occupation/profession/job或work并用其适当的形式填空1）Please state your name, age and _________ below before you go to work. 2）I have a few ________ to do in the house this morning. 3) Typing by using the xxputer all day is hard________. 4) Professor Zhang is the very top of medical _________. Keys: 1) occupation 2) jobs 3) work 4) profession 2). acquire /obtain/get/gain v. 获得【解释】 obtain 包含着“努力”、“希望”或“决意”去获得某物的意思。
人教版高中英语Book 5 Unit 4 Grammar(倒装)教学设计
教材的难点：
使用倒装的句式较多较繁杂，学生理解相对容易，掌握运用就较难。
5. 过程设计
本节课的教学过程按我校“543高效课堂”模式设计，学生分小组竞赛得分。
1.导入 leading-in (约5分钟)
1.陈述句：展示例句体会陈述语序。
2.Make up some sentences using inversions
六．课堂评价（约3分钟）
Which group is the winner?
6. 评价设计
评价内容：
1. 学生对倒装的理解（35分）
2. 学生运用倒装句式的能力（40分）
3. 学生的课堂参与度（25分）
评价方法：
课堂上侧重于学生课堂参与度和小组合作方面的评价，口头评价和量化评价相结合
2.教学背景分析
1.学生已有知识和经验：学生通过学习本单元中的“阅读”部分，对倒装句的相关知识有了一定了解。教学中要充分利用，使学生积极主动地参与教学过程。
2.学生学习方法和技巧：在现实语法学习过程中，很多学生过分把注意力放在语法规则上面，而不注重语言运用能力的培养。在教学中，通过句型转换、改错等练习的训练让学生在实际中运用语法规则，而不是死记硬背语法的条条框框。
3.通过课后的写作训练，让学生尽量把所学的倒装句式运用到作文中去。从而训练学生理论与实践相结合的能力。
3. 教学目标分析ຫໍສະໝຸດ (1)通过本节课的学习使学生理解倒装句的概念；
(2)在练习中体会并掌握倒装句的用法；
(3)提高学生的语言应用能力；
(4)解决从语法学习到实际运用的转化的问题。
4. 重点、难点分析
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人教版高中英语Book5 Unit4 语法导学案NSEFC Book 5 - Unit 4 Making the news Period 3: Grammar Inversion 班别：姓名：学号：Learning goals 能够识别倒装句并理解其含义学会使用倒装句 Learning procedures 一、观察下面的句子与一般正常的句子有什么不同。
①Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.(B1U5) ②Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. (B4U1) ③Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. (B5U1) ④There followed St Paul’s Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. (B5U2) ⑤Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century. (B5U3) ⑥Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. (B5U4) ⑦Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skill. (B5U4) ⑧Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. (B5U4) ⑨Here xxes my list of dos and don’ts. (B5U4) 在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是在前，在后。
但有时谓语的全部或者一部分提到主语的前面，这种语序叫做“”。
倒装分为倒装和倒装。
(1) 倒装的结构：把全部．．提到主语前面，即……+ +主语。
如例句第句。
(2) 倒装的结构：把、、放在主语之前，即 / / +主语+ 谓语剩下的部分。
如例句第句。
二、完全倒装观察下面的句子①There are many students in the classroom. ②There stands a temple on the top of the mountain. ③There lies a lake at the foot of the hill.④Here xxes the bus! ⑤Out rushed the boy.⑥Inside the box is a nice watch. ⑦In the distance lies a car. ⑧Sitting in front of the house was a little girl. 第①例句是我们熟悉的There be句型，主语位于谓语之后，是完全倒装结构。
其中be可换作等动词，如第②③例句。
第④⑤⑥例句归纳：副词等置于句首作状语时，而谓语动词等，且句子主语为词时，用完全倒装。
第⑦⑧例句归纳：表示地点的词组，作表语的、或短语位于句首时，用完全倒装。
The door opened and in came Mr. White. The door opened and in she came. Here xxes the car. Here it xxes. ※以上两组句子对比可以看出，当主语是词时，不用倒装。
【注意】在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面的语保持一致。
练习：用倒装结构重写下面的句子。
1. The boy went away. 2. A beautiful girl sits under that tree. 三、部分倒装观察下面的句子①Never shall I do this again. ②Seldom does he go to school late. ③In no case will I turn against my motherland. ④Not only do students xxe to school early, but also the teachers do. ⑤No sooner had I set off than it began to rain.⑥So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. ⑦Only when he told me did I know the truth. ⑧His brother likes football and so does my brother. ⑨You don’t know the way. Neither do I.11. 第①②③例句归纳：或意义的词或短语放在句首时，如 6. ____，I will not buy it. 等。
2. not only…but also连接两个时，含有not only的句子用倒装，如第例句。
3. hardly…when, no sooner…than, not…until引导的句子，当hardly, no sooner, not until位于时，用部分倒装。
4. “so + / ”和“such + ”位于时，主句用部分倒装，但从句倒装，如第例句。
5. Only + 位于时，句子用部分倒装，如第例句。
6. 如第⑧例句，表示一种情况也适用于另一方时，用“+ 倒装”；而表示一种情况也适用于另一方或同时具备两种情况时，用“+ 倒装”，如第⑨例句。
【注意】 1. few, little作或修饰时，则用自然语序。
eg. Few students are in the classroom after 10 o’clock in the evening. 2. only修饰时，句子倒装。
eg. Only he can help me. 练习：用倒装结构翻译下列句子 1. 不仅空气被污染了，而且街道也很拥挤。
2. 只有完成了作业他才会回家。
3. 他没通过考试，我也没有。
4. 他讲话很大声，大厅里的人们都能听见。
习题 1. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.A. didn't I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didn't realizeD. I realized 2. Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language.A. you canB. can youC. you willD. will you3. No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left.A. had I got，whenB. I had got，thanC. had I got，thanD. did I get，when 4. Never in my life ____ such a thing. A. I have heard or have seen B. have I heard or seen C. I have heard or seen D. did I hear or see 5. —Here ____！Where is Xiao Liu？—There ____. A. xxes the bus，is he B. xxes the bus，he is C. the bus xxes，is he D. the bus xxes，he is A. Much as do I like it B. As much I like it C. Much as I like it D. As I like it much 7. So _____ in the darkness that he didn't dare to move an inch.A. he was frightenedB. was he frightenedC. frightened he wasD. frightened was he 8. —You have an English class every day except Sunday. —_____.A. So we haveB. So we doC. So have weD. So do we 9. Only after I read the text over again _____ its main idea. A. that I knew B. did I knew C.1 could know D. I did know 10. _____，I would accept the invitation and go to the party. A. Were I you B. Was I you C. Had I been you D. Would 1 be you 11. _____ and caught the mouse. A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat 12. Not only _____ a promise， but also he kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. does he make D. has he made 13. ____，he would have passed the exam.A. If he were to studyB. If he studied hardC. Had he studied hardD. Should he study hard 14. —Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother？—I don't know, and ______ . A. nor don't I care B. nordo I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also 15. —This is one of the oldest trees in the world. —_____ such a big tree. A. Never I have seen B. I haven't never seen C. Never have I seen D. I have seen never 23。