北京高三英语语法填空汇编1
2019年北京市高三英语期末语法填空汇编(东西海朝丰石昌)
语法填空专项2019年东城区高三英语期末Passage 1The Warwick Cheese Festival takes place in June every year. This annual event is the biggest cheese festival in North America, (1) ______ (attract) tens of thousands of Canadians and (2) ______ (visitor) from all over the world. They can try over 100 kinds of cheese made all over Quebec at the festival. And they (3) ______ (invite) to vote for the People’s Choice Prize of the year.Passage 2Winter break was fast approaching. All Scott wanted to do was to go snowboarding. (4) ______ (fortunately), Scott’s p arents had different plans. They had booked a weeklong trip to Hawaii. Scott hated warm weather and asked (5) ______ he could just stay at his best friend’s house so that he could snowboard every day. His parents didn’t want to hear anything of it. He kept(6) ______ (debate) with them about the topic, but they would not change their minds. Family time was important to them, and it was a tradition that they spent winter break together.Passage 3Although he is only eleven years old, James helps the aged. Every day, he goes to Redhill (7) ______ train to help three old people with housework and shopping. In this way, he has made their lives much easier. It is through James’ hard work that a Neighborhood Care Program has been started. So far, James and his fri ends (8) ______ (form) a group of young volunteers to seek out the people (9) ______ need help. They do this without funding and without recognition. Their main aim is (10) ______ (make) a difference through personal sacrifice.2019年西城区高三英语期末AFor most of her life, Anna Mary Roberts worked very hard making a living on a farm. She began to paint (1) _ _ her seventies. She displayed her artworks in her town at age eighty. The paintings (2) _ (notice) by an art collector, (3) _ _ _ recognized Anna's remarkable talent. He bought all the paintings on display. Later, three of her paintings were exhibited in a well-known art museum in New York City. Soon, people around the world (4) _ _ _ (hear) of Anna and her delightful artworks. People loved looking at the old-fashioned scenes that Anna had created.BLegos are popular with kids. But (5)____________(make) them can hurt the environment. Why? Legos are made of plastic. The plastic is made from oil. That is a nonrenewable resource. Recently, Lego(6)__________ (introduce) earth-friendly pieces. They are made of plastic taken from sugarcane. That is a renewable material. The green pieces are part of a bigger plan for Lego. The company plans to use renewable materials in all its (7) _________ (toy) by 2030. The actions the company takes today can have an influence on the planet of tomorrow.CMany organizations try to inspire people (8) _________ (do) kind acts, wherever and whenever they can. The idea behind this is that it doesn't take any major plan to be kind, just a little bit of effort. Perhaps the strongest supporter of this idea is the Random Acts of Kindness Foundation. It operates under the beliefs that kindness can be taught and that it is (9) __________(easy) spread. Its activities range from suggesting kind acts to allowing its website-users to officially register (10)___________ (they) as activists of kindness.2019年海淀区高三英语期末AHangzhou is one of China's most popular cities. It is full of cultural heritage(遗产) and famous(21) _ _ _ its natural scenery. Italian traveller Marco Polo described Hangzhou as the(22) _ _ _ (fine) and most splendid city in the world. The beauty of West Lake has inspired countless poets and painters, and you can’t leave without(23) _ _ _ (try) the Longjing Shrimp, one of Hangzhou's signature dishes. The dynamic city is home to many of China's tech companies including e-commerce giant Alibaba.BToday, dogs are found(24) _ _ _ (help) to all who fly in airplanes. They are trained to smell, track, and find bombs on planes and in luggage. Dogs are easy to train because they already have deep connection to humans. Many of these dogs are donated to the safety program, where they(25) _ _ _ (give) a good home. The partnership between dogs and humans allows each to profit from the special talents of the other as they work together(26) _ _ _ ( save) lives.CIt was almost midnight, but Mary couldn't fall asleep. One sheep, two sheep... She(27) _ _ _ (start) to count sheep. But did it really work? Actually, some(28) _ _ _ (scientist) believe this may not be a very good way to fall asleep. Some people try so hard to count that they can be more clear-headed. Instead, they can try taking a bath to fall asleep. They can also think about a quiet beach or a walk in the woods, (29) _ _ _ can make them relaxed and fall asleep more(30) _ _ _ (quick).2019年朝阳区高三英语期末AI love the desert (1) ______ it makes me feel spiritual. I especially like the orange and red sunset in the desert. When the night (2) ______ (come), I lay my blanket, build a fire, and eat some dinner. Then I like lying on the sand and looking at the countless (3) ______ (star) in the sky. At this time I can feel more relaxed. I will wait for another beautiful picture in the morning, the sun rise.BAs the world’s population grows, a lot of wild animals (4) ______ (force) to leave their natural home. Many wild animals are in danger. People kill them for food or fur, or because they compete with humans for food supplies. (5) ______ (lucky), animal rescue organizations are working hard (6) ______ (preserve) endangered animals and give them help. More and more people are realizing the importance of protecting wild animals.CSmokejumpers are a special type of firefighter. They jump from planes into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot. When they arrive there, they first examine the land and decide (7) ______ to fight the fire. Their main goal is to stop a fire from (8) ______ (spread). They will use basic equipment to clear land of plants and other dry materials. The work is dangerous, (9) ______ they love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As 38-year-old Alexi Tishin, who (10) ______ (work) as a smokejumper for 15 years, says, “This is the best job for tough guys.”2019年丰台区高三英语期末AMy favorite color is orange. It is a warm and bright color, and it makes me feel happy and safe. When I______1_____ (see) this color, I think of fall. When I go outside, I enjoy______2_____ (walk) through the dark orange leaves and listening to the sound they make under my feet. I also think of the smell of fire. It's great to be at home and sit by the warm fire with______3_____ (I) family. This warm and beautiful color should be everywhere this season!BLast year the empty land across from my bus stop was a sad, empty, ugly space, with dead bushes and one short tree. Then some______4_____ (gardener) changed that. They were tired of looking at the sad space while they were waiting______5_____the bus, so they made it into a beautiful garden. Now you can see colorful vegetable plants and sweet-smelling flowers. Yellow butterflies fly from plant to plant______6_____ (happy), and tiny birds sing in the green trees. I love taking the bus now.CWhen the Spanish explorer Cortez reached Mexico in the sixteenth century, he found people there using a drink______7_____was called chocolate. It tasted quite strong because it had pepper in it. ______8_____ (make) it taste better, the Spanish added sugar. When chocolate first came to Europe in the seventeenth century, people ______9_____ (start) to drink it with milk, instead of water. Nowadays, tons of chocolate______10_____ (deliver) to factories, where they are turned into many popular sweets and cakes.2019年石景山区高三英语期末AOur school planned a trip for us to study English in another country this holiday. I was excited for it was my first time______1_____(travel) abroad. I______2_____(pack) everything I thought I would need into my backpack.I knew I was going to have so much fun. After boarding the bus to the airport, I said goodbye to my parents. I looked out the window of the bus and dreamed about______3_____we would do while on our trip.BDough figurine(捏面人), also known as dough modelling, is a kind of Chinese folk art. It is______4_____ (simple) made but of high artistic value. It______5_____ (record) as early as the Han Dynasty. Dough craftsman draws materials based on the required. After a repetition of rubbing, twisting and lifting_____6______,hand, and poking, cutting, and carving by bamboo knife, the craftsman______7_____ (shape) the body and the face of the figurine gradually. Dressed up with hair accessories and clothes, all of a sudden, a vivid artistic figurine comes to life.CHarry is an American businessman. His job requires him to do a lot of traveling. In the past six months he has made nine trips, ______8_____purpose is to attend meetings and make presentations. Harry loves to travel and feels each country has a charm of its own. After graduation, Harry decided to make travel part of his career. He wanted to experience different cultures of other______9_____ (country). He was dreaming of______10_____ (work) for an international company. Then his dream came true. Now he’s working for a German hi-tech company. 2019年昌平区高三英语期末AOne of my favourite______1_____ (hobby) is hiking. When I go hiking, I wil1 wear proper clothing and hiking shoes for the current weather conditions. And I will let my family and friends know where I will go and when I will return. Also, I will carry a compass and GPS unit, ______2_____can guide me and locate my position. What's more, I will take enough food and water______3_____ (keep) me energetic, and emergency supplies to survive dangerous situations.BWe are calling on people around the world to create a “Million Acts of Blue” actions to push retailers, corporations and businesses to reduce single-use plastic. That is, we are going to take actions to deal with the current plastic pollution. Every action to reduce single use plastics______4_____ (send) a message to the industry that it's time to change. We can no longer allow products that______5_____ (use) for a few seconds to pollute______6_____ (we) planet for a lifetime.CMore Chinese senior citizens______7_____ (become) active users of WeChat in recent years, according to a recent study. The study aims to learn about the digital life of people above the age of 55.The report showed that elderly users spend around 1.37 hours______8_____WeChat every day and have 104WeChat friends on average. The report said 50.3 percent of elderly users learned how to use WeChat from their children or grandchildren, ______9_____ (suggest) that family members should be more______10_____ (patience) when they introduce new technology to elderly people.参考答案：东城第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）1. attracting2. visitors3. are invited4. Unfortunately5. if / whether6. debating7. by 8. have formed9. who / that 10. to make西城第一节语法填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）1．in 2．were noticed 3．who 4．heard 5．making/to make 6．has introduced/introduced 7．toys 8．to do 9．easily 10．themselves海淀第一节语法填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）1. for2. finest3. Trying4. helpful5. are given/will be given6. to save7. started 8. scientists 9. which 10. Quickly朝阳第一节语法填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）1. because2. comes3. stars4. are forced5. Luckily6. to preserve7. how8. spreading9. but 10. has worked 丰台第一节语法填空（共10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共15 分）1. see2. walking3. my4. gardeners5. for6. happily7. which/that8. To make9. started 10. are delivered石景山第一节语法填空（共10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共15 分）1. to travel2. packed3. what4. simply5. was recorded6. by7. shapes8. whose 9. countries 10. working昌平第一节语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）区分大小写。
北京市海淀区近五年高三第一学年期末英语试卷汇编- 语法填空+单项选择含答案
北京市海淀区近五年高三第一学年期末英语试卷汇编-语法填空+单项选择（1）2019-2020 年北京市海淀区高三上学期期末英语试卷第一节语法填空（共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共15 分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The first time I saw May, she ___1___ (sit) in my front yard, hugging my dog Harley. She had just moved into a small house down the road from us. From the second I talked to her, I knew May would be a cherished friend. Her smile and good cheer made me feel better when I was around her.It didn’t take long ___2___ May was beloved by everyone in our neighborhood. Children and adults visited her home often. When we visited her, she would kindly listen to all of our___3___ (trouble) and then say something so wise that we would leave her home with our hearts ___4___ (sing).B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
We are drowning in a sea of free information. The Internet is in our businesses, homes and our bedrooms. An army of designers and data engineers spend their working life figuring out ways ___5___ (make) us stay plugged in longer. Our desires are repackaged by giant tech companies and then ___6___ (sell) back to us under the cover of free content, but it isn't free. We are paying for it with invisible currencies, such as our time and privacy, ___7___ people areonly now beginning to understand.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
2022北京高三一模英语汇编：语法填空
2022北京高三一模英语汇编语法填空1.（2022·北京·东城高三·一模）AA few weeks ago,I accidentally dropped a plate and it broke into a billion pieces! I'd had it for about 40 years. This morning, we had a parcel ______ (11) (deliver)to my son. He opened it and______ (12) (proud) handed a new plate to me, which he had bought with his own savings, saying that he knew ______ (13) upset I was and wanted to surprise me!BOn 15 May,2021,China became the second country______ (14) (land) a spacecraft on Mars. The rover, Zhurong, ______ (15) (carry) to Mars on board the Tianwen 1 spacecraft, which was launched in July 2020. Equipped with cameras and a radar, Zhurong's task was to search for signs of life. It ______ (16) (work) on Mars surface for over ten months and is in good shape.CCOP26, known as “Conferences of the Parties”, was the latest in a series of 17 (meeting) bringing together governments to protect the environment. Its main goal was to take measures______ (18) climate change-long-term changes in world weather patterns that are linked to human activities including farming, industry and transport. Gases such as carbon dioxide, ______ (19) are produced by these activities, trap heat in Earth's atmosphere and cause temperatures to rise, ______ (20) (lead) to extreme floods, heatwaves and storms.2.（2022·北京·西城高三·一模）AToday, there are groups of native people around the world that still live a traditional lifestyle. Some live in remote parts of South America, ______ (11) way of life is in danger of disappearing. The Korubo are native people who live in the Amazon rainforest. They make their own tools, grow their own crops, and hunt and fish. Their main weapons are clubs and poison-tipped arrows, used ______ (12) both hunting and protecting their territory against ______ (13) (outsider).BA white telephone booth（电话亭），known as the Phone of the Wind，______ (14) (sit) in a garden on top of a hill. Though ______ (15) (disconnect),the phone serves a surprising purpose: helping people speak out what they feel embarrassed to say in front of others.______ (16) (think) about the idea for a long time, Sasaki finally built the booth. “My thoughts can't be relayed over a regular phone line, so I want them ______ (17) (carry) on the wind. I hope others can also express their feelings in the same way.”CSome Qin bamboo texts were discovered in a tomb in Hubei Province that contain many rules regarding ______ (18) people were supposed to live and behave. Experts say these texts could prove the government in the third century BC handed out cruel punishments to people who ______ (19) (break) these rules. For instance, officials punished people who stole money by tattooing （刺青）their face. There are also other ancient laws in the texts. One of them is that when questioning a suspect, an official was ______ (20).(strict) forbidden from using physical force.3.（2022·北京·海淀高三·一模）AXu Mengtao, the flag-bearer for the Chinese delegation at the closing ceremony of 2022 Winter Olympics, has got multiple world championships. But her road (11) _________ glory was not smooth, since it was accompanied by many injuries. It was her passion for sports, her persistence and determination that helped her continue and she finally (12)_________ (win) the gold medal at her fourth Olympics. Her success goes beyond sports as it motivates both athletes and ordinary people in (13) _________ (they) pursuit of dreams.BBased on AR and VR, the metaverse aims to bring people closer together in an online setting, enabling them to be connected in ways they couldn't be before. Imagine (14) _________ (attend) a meeting from the comfort of your couch, where you don't dress up, but your avatar does. You're seated at a virtual table with other people (15) _________ reactions and body language can be judged just as well as they would be in real life. A metaverse could very likely bring these (16) ________ (imagine) to reality, and soon.CEveryone has a sense of humor, but it's pretty evident that not everybody has a good sense of it. Psychologists are divided on (17) _________ humor is inborn or learnable. However, there is one thing that (18) ________ (accept) universally so far—the sense of humor is uniquely human. It is associated with laughter and laughter is associated with happiness and courage. These are qualities (19) ________ (share) with other forms of life. But if happiness is one of the goals (20) ________ (chase) in life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.4.（2022·北京·朝阳高三·一模）ADo you take music and art classes? These classes, which are part of a group of classes often (11) ______(know) as arts education, allow students to learn new things in a creative way. Many people believe arts education (12)______(play) an important part in the lives of students. However, when schools need to save money, music and art programs (13) ______ (cut) in most cases. This is because some people believe they matter less than other classes. Different opinions about music and art can affect the future of arts education, so it’s important to understand these points of view.BThe name of Sorrento, a coastal town in Italy, had been put deep in my soul for a long time, mainly through hearing various (14) ______ (performance) of the song “Come back to Sorrento”. After consideration, I final ly (15)______ (pay) a visit to Sorrento during the summer vacation. The town was considerably popular for American weddings and traditional food. One evening, while (16) ______(wander) on the street, I was attracted by a house. A proud citizen told me that was the restaurant (17) ______Sophia Loren, the famous actress, once dined. Perhaps what impressed me most about Sorrento was their lemons. The fruit provided the raw materials for lemon soaps on sale everywhere.CAthletes are not only competitors, but good friends—that’s a main attraction of the Olympics. That’s (18) ______ athletes send best wishes to their competitors, even if they have themselves lost. As competitors they compete for gold, but as friends they work together to challenge limits. The hugs received from other competitors are always remarked in the Games because the true Olympic spirit is (19) ______victory and national boundaries. Winning a medal is definitely important, but one needs a golden heart to cope with all the difficulties on the field and still congratulate their competitors. That’s what makes the Olympics (20) ______(attract).5.（2022·北京·丰台高三·一模）ASpace exploration began in 1957, when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union. Yuri Gagarin (11)__________ (become) the first person to orbit (环绕) the earth in 1961. In 1969, Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk (12)__________ the moon. Since then, space exploration has advanced very (13)__________(rapid). It has produced much (14)__________ (amaze) technology that brings changes to the world.BLeaf-cutter ants are interesting. (15)__________ (look) for leaves, the larger ants usually go out in groups. They bite off bits of leaves and carry them back. Watching these ants march in single field, carrying leaves, is quite a sight. These ants can carry a leaf that (16)__________ (weigh) 20 times more than they do. The leaves (17)__________ (collect) by the ants are not for eating. They are brought back so fungus(真菌) can grow on them. The fungus is the food for the ants.CStoryboards are a set of drawings to tell a story and a powerful way to visually present information. The original storyboards, (18)__________ were used in movie-making, showed stories broken up into pieces. Each piece of the story (19)__________(draw) out on a card and stuck to a board in order. People were then able to talk about and revise the story by checking one part at a time. That is (20)__________ I know about storyboards.6.（2022·北京·石景山高三·一模）A“It's so cute!” “I want one!” Since such posts spread on social media, the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics mascot Bing Dwen Dwen (11) ______ (become) a star across the globe. The lovable panda wears a full-body "shell" (12)______ (make) out of ice, which looks like an astronaut suit. With the popularity of the Olympic mascot, it has served (13) ______ an ambassador for winter sports, bringing joy to those (14) ______ participated in and watched the Olympic Winter Games..BUsually, joy and happiness (15) ______ (understand) to be the same thing. In fact, they're very different. Joy is an emotion that occurs within us when we develop an appreciation or thankfulness for the contents of life, such as nature, (16) ______ (free), relationships with people, or through having faith in something (17) ______ (large) than ourselves.Happiness is an emotion that is aroused in us when we buy a new car or get a promotion at work. It depends on our circumstances satisfying our desires.CThe economic achievements of the Tang Dynasty promoted the development of Chinese medicine. The Tang government (18) ______ (take) the lead in completing the editing work of the world's first herbal medicine book, Tang Bencao. The book (19) ______ (contain) 850 kinds of drugs and a drug map, further (20) ______ (improve) the scale of Chinese medicine.7.（2022·北京·顺义高三·一模）AFive-year-old Naomi lost her teddy bear on a hiking path (11)________ the autumn of 2020. Teddy was the first gift Naomi’s parents gave to her. Despite (12)________ (constant) checking with the lost and found, her family didn’t get the bear back. Fortunately, Ranger (护林员) Tom, (13)________ monitors actual bear activity, came across the teddy bear. He kept it and rode with it (14)________ a friend of the family spotted the bear and helped send it back home nearly a year later.BStarch (淀粉) is the most important component of human food. Recently, Chinese scientists have created starch(15)________(use) CO2, hydrogen and electricity. Lab tests show that it is about 8.5 times more efficient than starch(16)________(produce) by traditional agriculture. In the near future, many countries (17)________(benefit) from the technology.CGBOWS is the largest research and preservation facility for rare and endangered plants and animals in Asia. For future study, the researchers have to collect the rare plant and record (18)________(detail) of the plant, including where it (19)________(find), its size and the number of individual plants in the habitat. At GBOWS, seeds are stored in glass bottles and placed in huge freezers at-20℃. Each container has a label (20)________ (enable)scientists to view information about the seeds inside.8.（2022·北京·房山高三·一模）AZhao Li is a villager living in Shandong province, who (11) ______ (save) 16 people from drowning over the decades. (12) ______ (August 2020, he established a rescue center consisting of strong-swimming volunteers. They purchased speedboats and life vests with their own money (13) ______ (help) the government’s emergency rescue missions and popularize rescue methods. He wanted to raise public awareness of drowning prevention and water safety. Zhao Li was among 10 winners of the national ethical model awards (14) ______ (give) last November for those who “act bravely for a just cause”.BTianwen 1, the unmanned probe for China’s first independent Mars mission, (15) ______(land) on the Red Planet on May 2021, marking an important step in China’s exploration of the outer space. China has become the second country to land on Mars. The landing (16) ______ (see) now by the world as another milestone in the development of China’s aerospace (航空航天) industry. And China’s space station core module Tianhe entered pre-set orbit in April, (17) ______ marked a solid step in building the cou ntry’s first space station.CHomework is an important part of engaging students outside of the classroom. It carries educational benefits for all age (18) ______ (group), including time management and organization. Homework also provides students with the ability to think beyond what is taught in class. The not-so-good news is that these benefits only occur (19) ______ (students are engaged and ready to learn. But, the (20) ______ (many) homework they get, the less they want to engage. So too much homework can affect students’ health, social life and grades.9.（2022·北京·延庆高三·一模）AOne day, I noticed a bird fly in and out of the letterbox. Looking closely inside I saw that she 11 (build) a nest.A few weeks later she had laid eggs and sat 12 (patient) on them. I tried opening the letterbox, 13 made the bird angry. So I gave her permission and a peaceful stay. In the following weeks, three chicks hatched. About four weeks later her 14 (baby) left the nest and I was able to reclaim my property and clean out the letterbox.BAmazon invited some customers to preview the new grocery store format developed in California. The Amazon Fresh store in Woodland Hills 15 (design) to reach a broader part of shoppers than the pricier Whole Foods Market chain, 16 (signal) its intention to become a significant player in the huge grocery business. It also marks a new stage when Amazon competes with larger grocery chains, Walmart, which expanded features and services to make shopping 17 (convenience).CTao Xingzhi proposed “unity of teaching, learning and reflective acting.” As a Chinese educator, he was called the “teacher of teachers”. 18 (bear) in Anhui province in 1891, Tao studied at Columbia University, US, in 1914. There he studied educational philosophy 19 the guidance of John Dewey, an educational reformer. 20 he returned to China, he began his own career. For Tao, education is an active process in real-life experience rather than one of telling and being told.10.（2022·北京·平谷高三·一模）ASharks are often thought of as hunters living alone, however, a new study has found that some species create social networks and 11 (connection) that can last for years. 12 the study shows is that some sharks form groups of between two and fourteen. These groups gather in the morning in the same part of the reef. At night, the sharks leave the reef on their own but they come back together again the next day. The study also 13 （note） that many groups stay together for the whole process.BIn recent years, we 14 (see) melting ice caps and rising sea levels around the world. The number of deadly weather events has increased, such as hurricanes, wildfires and droughts. Scientists say these new patterns are because of climate change and encourage everyone to produce less waste. Other ways 15 (lower) your carbon footprint include walking instead of driving, bringing reusable bags to the supermarket, and eating less meat. These actions have many benefits, 16 (include) less air pollution and CO2 production.CRoald Amundsen, 17 (bear) in 1872 near Oslo, Norway, left his mark on the Heroic Era as one of the most successful polar explorers in the world. He became the first to travel 18 the Northwest Passage, in his ship Gjoa in 1903-1906.After this journey, plans were made to reach the North Pole, but news of Peary’s success in reaching the pole arrived, 19 caused Amundsen to make new plans for a journey to the Antarctic and the South Pole. On December 14, 1911, Amundsen and four others 20 (stand) at the South Pole, a month before Robert Scott.2022北京高三一模英语汇编语法填空（教师版）1.（2022·北京·东城高三·一模）AA few weeks ago,I accidentally dropped a plate and it broke into a billion pieces! I'd had it for about 40 years. This morning, we had a parcel ______ (11) (deliver)to my son. He opened it and______ (12) (proud) handed a new plate to me, which he had bought with his own savings, saying that he knew ______ (13) upset I was and wanted to surprise me!BOn 15 May,2021,China became the second country______ (14) (land) a spacecraft on Mars. The rover, Zhurong, ______ (15) (carry) to Mars on board the Tianwen 1 spacecraft, which was launched in July 2020. Equipped with cameras and a radar, Zhurong's task was to search for signs of life. It ______ (16) (work) on Mars surface for over ten months and is in good shape.CCOP26, known as “Conferences of the Parties”, was the latest in a series of 17 (meeting) bringing together governments to protect the environment. Its main goal was to take measures______ (18) climate change-long-term changes in world weather patterns that are linked to human activities including farming, industry and transport. Gases such as carbon dioxide, ______ (19) are produced by these activities, trap heat in Earth's atmosphere and cause temperatures to rise, ______ (20) (lead) to extreme floods, heatwaves and storms.【答案】11.delivered12.proudly13.how14.to land15.was carried16.has worked17.meetings18.against19.which20.leading2.（2022·北京·西城高三·一模）AToday, there are groups of native people around the world that still live a traditional lifestyle. Some live in remote parts of South America, ______ (11) way of life is in danger of disappearing. The Korubo are native people who live in the Amazon rainforest. They make their own tools, grow their own crops, and hunt and fish. Their main weapons are clubs and poison-tipped arrows, used ______ (12) both hunting and protecting their territory against ______ (13) (outsider).BA white telephone booth（电话亭），known as the Phone of the Wind，______ (14) (sit) in a garden on top of a hill. Though ______ (15) (disconnect),the phone serves a surprising purpose: helping people speak out what they feel embarrassed to say in front of others.______ (16) (think) about the idea for a long time, Sasaki finally built the booth. “My thoughts can't be relayed over a regular phone line, so I want them ______ (17) (carry) on the wind. I hope others can also express their feelings in the sa me way.”CSome Qin bamboo texts were discovered in a tomb in Hubei Province that contain many rules regarding ______ (18) people were supposed to live and behave. Experts say these texts could prove the government in the third century BC handed out cruel punishments to people who ______ (19) (break) these rules. For instance, officials punished people who stole money by tattooing （刺青）their face. There are also other ancient laws in the texts. One of them is that when questioning a suspect, an official was ______ (20).(strict) forbidden from using physical force.【答案】11.whose 12.for13.outsiders 14.sits15.disconnected 16.Having thought17.to be carried 18.how19.broke 20.strictly3.（2022·北京·海淀高三·一模）AXu Mengtao, the flag-bearer for the Chinese delegation at the closing ceremony of 2022 Winter Olympics, has got multiple world championships. But her road (11) _________ glory was not smooth, since it was accompanied by many injuries. It was her passion for sports, her persistence and determination that helped her continue and she finally (12)_________ (win) the gold medal at her fourth Olympics. Her success goes beyond sports as it motivates both athletes and ordinary people in (13) _________ (they) pursuit of dreams.BBased on AR and VR, the metaverse aims to bring people closer together in an online setting, enabling them to be connected in ways they couldn't be before. Imagine (14) _________ (attend) a meeting from the comfort of your couch,where you don't dress up, but your avatar does. You're seated at a virtual table with other people (15) _________ reactions and body language can be judged just as well as they would be in real life. A metaverse could very likely bring these (16) ________ (imagine) to reality, and soon.CEveryone has a sense of humor, but it's pretty evident that not everybody has a good sense of it. Psychologists are divided on (17) _________ humor is inborn or learnable. However, there is one thing that (18) ________ (accept) universally so far—the sense of humor is uniquely human. It is associated with laughter and laughter is associated with happiness and courage. These are qualities (19) ________ (share) with other forms of life. But if happiness is one of the goals (20) ________ (chase) in life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.【答案】11. to12. won13. their14. attending15. whose16. imaginations17. whether18. has been accepted19. shared20. to chase4.（2022·北京·朝阳高三·一模）ADo you take music and art classes? These classes, which are part of a group of classes often (11) ______(know) as arts education, allow students to learn new things in a creative way. Many people believe arts education (12)______(play) an important part in the lives of students. However, when schools need to save money, music and art programs (13) ______ (cut) in most cases. This is because some people believe they matter less than other classes. Different opinions about music and art can affect the future of arts education, so it’s important to understand these points of view.BThe name of Sorrento, a coastal town in Italy, had been put deep in my soul for a long time, mainly through hearing various (14) ______ (performance) of the song “Come back to Sorrento”. After consideration, I fi nally (15)______ (pay) a visit to Sorrento during the summer vacation. The town was considerably popular for American weddings and traditional food. One evening, while (16) ______(wander) on the street, I was attracted by a house. A proud citizen told me that was the restaurant (17) ______Sophia Loren, the famous actress, once dined. Perhaps what impressed me most about Sorrento was their lemons. The fruit provided the raw materials for lemon soaps on sale everywhere.CAthletes are not only competitors, but good friends—that’s a main attraction of the Olympics. That’s (18) ______ athletes send best wishes to their competitors, even if they have themselves lost. As competitors they compete for gold, but as friends they work together to challenge limits. The hugs received from other competitors are always remarked in the Games because the true Olympic spirit is (19) ______victory and national boundaries. Winning a medal is definitely important, but one needs a golden heart to cope with all the difficulties on the field and still congratulate their competitors. That’s what makes the Olympics (20) ______(attract).【答案】11．known12．plays13．are cut14．performances15．paid16．wandering17．where18．why19．beyond20．Attractive5.（2022·北京·丰台高三·一模）ASpace exploration began in 1957, when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union. Yuri Gagarin (11)__________ (become) the first person to orbit (环绕) the earth in 1961. In 1969, Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk (12)__________ the moon. Since then, space exploration has advanced very (13)__________(rapid). It has produced much (14)__________ (amaze) technology that brings changes to the world.BLeaf-cutter ants are interesting. (15)__________ (look) for leaves, the larger ants usually go out in groups. They bite off bits of leaves and carry them back. Watching these ants march in single field, carrying leaves, is quite a sight. These ants can carry a leaf that (16)__________ (weigh) 20 times more than they do. The leaves (17)__________ (collect) by the ants are not for eating. They are brought back so fungus(真菌) can grow on them. The fungus is the food for the ants.CStoryboards are a set of drawings to tell a story and a powerful way to visually present information. The original storyboards, (18)__________ were used in movie-making, showed stories broken up into pieces. Each piece of the story (19)__________(draw) out on a card and stuck to a board in order. People were then able to talk about and revise the story by checking one part at a time. That is (20)__________ I know about storyboards.【答案】11.became12. on13. rapidly14.amazing15.To look16.weighs17.collected18. which19. was drawn20.what6.（2022·北京·石景山高三·一模）A“It's so cute!” “I want one!” Since such posts spread on social media, the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics mascot Bing Dwen Dwen (11) ______ (become) a star across the globe. The lovable panda wears a full-body "shell" (12)______ (make) out of ice, which looks like an astronaut suit. With the popularity of the Olympic mascot, it has served (13) ______ an ambassador for winter sports, bringing joy to those (14) ______ participated in and watched the Olympic Winter Games..BUsually, joy and happiness (15) ______ (understand) to be the same thing. In fact, they're very different. Joy is an emotion that occurs within us when we develop an appreciation or thankfulness for the contents of life, such as nature, (16) ______ (free), relationships with people, or through having faith in something (17) ______ (large) than ourselves. Happiness is an emotion that is aroused in us when we buy a new car or get a promotion at work. It depends on our circumstances satisfying our desires.CThe economic achievements of the Tang Dynasty promoted the development of Chinese medicine. The Tang government (18) ______ (take) the lead in completing the editing work of the world's first herbal medicine book, TangBencao. The book (19) ______ (contain) 850 kinds of drugs and a drug map, further (20) ______ (improve) the scale of Chinese medicine.【答案】11. has become12. Made13. As14. who that15. are understood16. freedom17. larger18. took19. contains20. improving7.（2022·北京·顺义高三·一模）AFive-year-old Naomi lost her teddy bear on a hiking path (11)________ the autumn of 2020. Teddy was the first gift Naomi’s parents gave to her. Despite (12)________ (constant) checking with the lost and found, her family didn’t get the bear back. Fortunately, Ranger (护林员) Tom, (13)________ monitors actual bear activity, came across the teddy bear. He kept it and rode with it (14)________ a friend of the family spotted the bear and helped send it back home nearly a year later.BStarch (淀粉) is the most important component of human food. Recently, Chinese scientists have created starch(15)________(use) CO2, hydrogen and electricity. Lab tests show that it is about 8.5 times more efficient than starch(16)________(produce) by traditional agriculture. In the near future, many countries (17)________(benefit) from the technology.CGBOWS is the largest research and preservation facility for rare and endangered plants and animals in Asia. For future study, the researchers have to collect the rare plant and record (18)________(detail) of the plant, including where it (19)________(find), its size and the number of individual plants in the habitat. At GBOWS, seeds are stored in glass bottles and placed in huge freezers at-20℃. Each container has a label (20)________ (enable)scientists to view information about the seeds inside.【答案】11．in / during 12．constantly13．who 14．until/ till / before15．using 16．produced17．will benefit 18．details19．was found / is found 20．to enable8.（2022·北京·房山高三·一模）AZhao Li is a villager living in Shandong province, who (11) ______ (save) 16 people from drowning over the decades. (12) ______ (August 2020, he established a rescue center consisting of strong-swimming volunteers. They purchased speedboats and life vests with their own money (13) ______ (help) the government’s emergency rescue missions and popularize rescue methods. He wanted to raise public awareness of drowning prevention and water safety. Zhao Li was among 10 winners of the national ethical model awards (14) ______ (give) last November for those who “act bravely for a just cause”.BTianwen 1, the unmanned probe for China’s first independent Mars mission, (15) ______(land) on the Red Planet on May 2021, marking an important step in China’s exploration of the outer space. China has become the second country to land on Mars. The landing (16) ______ (see) now by the world as another milestone in the development of China’s aerospace (航空航天) industry. And China’s space station core module Tianhe entered pre-set orbit in April, (17) ______ marked a solid step in building the country’s first space station.CHomework is an important part of engaging students outside of the classroom. It carries educational benefits for all age (18) ______ (group), including time management and organization. Homework also provides students with the ability to think beyond what is taught in class. The not-so-good news is that these benefits only occur (19) ______ (students are engaged and ready to learn. But, the (20) ______ (many) homework they get, the less they want to engage. So too much homework can affect students’ health, social life and grades.【答案】11.has saved12.In13. to help14.given15. landed16.is seen / is being seen / has been seen17.which18.groups19.when20.more。
2023届北京市部分区高三下学期一模英语试题汇编：语法填空
北京市部分区2023届高三下学期一模英语试题分类汇编语法填空2023届北京市丰台区高三下学期一模英语试题二、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Wang was born and grew up in America, but she____11____(build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl. She is now riding a new trend: mixing and matching modern clothes with traditional Han dress, or hanfu. She has been posting videos of ____12____ (she) dressed in hanfu on the Internet, which has attracted many fans on Chinese lifestyle. “I love hanfu. I’ve made many videos,____13____(aim) to help more people learn about it,” Wang told Beijing Review.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Engineers invented a new device to produce solar electricity at night. Solar panels transform sunlight into energy, so they____14____ (traditional) work only during daylight hours. This device, however ____15____(use) a thermoelectric generator, which creates energy from differences in temperature. In this case, cool evening air is a slightly different temperature than the solar cell in the panel. That becomes energy,_____16_____is transformed into electricity. The device could be helpful in areas_____17_____ (locate) far from a power grid (电网).阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。
北京市2021届高三上学期10-11月英语试卷精选汇编：语法填空专题
北京市2021届⾼三上学期10-11⽉英语试卷精选汇编：语法填空专题语法填空专题北京市朝阳区2020～2021学年度第⼀学期期中质量检测第⼆节语法填空（共10⼩题；每⼩题1.5分, 共15分）阅读下列短⽂，根据短⽂内容填空。
在未给提⽰词的空⽩处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提⽰词的空⽩处⽤括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
AI love my campus very much. It has a lot of buildings traditional in Chinese style but modern in equipment. Having classes in them always __11__ (make) me feel excited with the busy world and relaxed about the long history of our nation. Out of the houses are beautiful gardens __12__ (surround) by trees. In the morning, we read aloud by the lake or behind the hill. The air is so fresh and sweet that very often I think how __13__ (luck) I am to study in such a beautiful campus.BWhales use sound to get information around them. By constantly __14__ (send) out sounds that hit underwater objects and come back, whales receive information. This way of using sound is called sonar. Recently, scientists have found that whales __15__ (harm) by the powerful sonar coming from ships. This problem is being studied, and people’s level of awareness of the problem is __16__ (high) than ever before. Now ships around the world are trying to be more careful when using sonar. CRules help us live together in a community. At my local park, there is a sign that reads, “Keep off the grass.” Because our community has a need for a nice green space __17__ (relax), we are expected to keep our park clean and in good condition for everyone’s enjoyment. If one person breaks the rules, more people __18__ (follow) him and do what they want. In a community, rules are in place to protect everyone. What we do and __19__ we act affect everyone, not just ourselves. We need rules in order to live __20__ (safe).第⼆节语法填空（共10⼩题；每⼩题1.5分，共15分）11．makes 12．surrounded 13．lucky 14．sending15．are harmed/are being harmed 16．higher 17．to relax18．will follow 19．how 20．safely北京市海淀区2021届⾼三英语第⼀学期期中练习第⼆节语法填空（共10⼩题；每⼩题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短⽂，根据短⽂内容填空。
2019北京高三英语一模语法填空汇编(word版有答案)word版本
2019 一模海淀第一节语法填空（共10 小题；每小题1.5 分, 共15 分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
AOld Tom had four sons. He wanted them 1 (learn) not to judge things too quickly. So he sent them to look at an apple tree in different seasons. The first son went in winter, the second in spring, the third in summer, and the youngest in autumn. When they all came back, he called them together to describe 2 they had seen. The sons had different 3 (opinion). Tom then told them that they shouldn’t judge a tree, or a person, by only one season.BEveryone 4 (love) snow. But when school stays open despite the snow, it can be really annoying. However, there is one upside of going to school 5 a cold winter day: you might be smarter. So far, researchers who study the brain 6 (find) that cold temperatures make us think more quickly since messages travel faster among our brain cells. So the scientists say 7 (hang) out on a cold morning may boost the result of any test that day.CA black hole is a spot in space that has 8 (power) gravity. Its gravity is so strong that it pulls everything nearby into it, stars, planets and other things. Black holes form when a star dies. When that happens, a huge amount of matter crowds into a very small space, 9 becomes very dense. Black holes 10 (talk) about in 1783 first. That year, one scientist said that in the universe, there might be places with strong gravity to trap light, although he didn’t use theterm “black hole”.2019 一模西城第一节语法填空（共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共15 分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
语法填空专项训练高中北京专用
语法填空专项训练高中北京专用语法填空是高中英语教学中的一个重要组成部分，它不仅考察学生对英语语法知识的掌握程度，还考察学生的语言运用能力。
以下是针对北京地区高中学生设计的语法填空专项训练内容。
一、名词的数和格1. There are many _______ (book) on the shelf.2. She is one of the _______ (child) in the class.3. The _______ (leaf) on the tree are green.4. The _______ (man) over there is my uncle.二、动词的时态和语态5. The train _______ (leave) at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow.6. By the time you arrive, the concert _______ (begin) already.7. The letter _______ (write) in English.8. The windows _______ (clean) every day.三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级9. This is the _______ (beautiful) dress I have ever seen.10. She sings _______ (well) than any other student in her class.11. Of the two books, he found the second one _______ (interesting).12. He is _______ (tall) than his brother.四、冠词的使用13. There is _______ (a/an) apple and two bananas on the table.14. _______ (A/An) honest person is always respected.15. _______ (The/A) university life is very different fromhigh school.五、代词的用法16. I have lost my pen, can you lend me _______ (your/yours)?17. _______ (He/His) is the tallest boy in the class.18. _______ (Who/Whose) is this book? It’s _______ (mine/me).六、介词和介词短语19. The teacher came in, _______ (with/and) a book in his hand.20. The meeting will be held _______ (at/in) the conference room.21. She is interested _______ (in/at) music and art.22. The cat is _______ (on/under) the table.七、连词的使用23. _______ (Although/Because) he is old, he is still very active.24. I will go to the party _______ (if/unless) I am invited.25. _______ (Not only/Both) he and I are going to the concert, but also our friends.八、非谓语动词26. _______ (To see/Seeing) is believing.27. She prefers _______ (to read/reading) books to watching TV.28. The boy is busy _______ (doing/does) his homework.九、定语从句29. The man _______ (who/whom) I spoke to is a famous scientist.30. This is the place _______ (where/that) we first met.31. The book _______ (which/that) you are looking for is on the shelf.十、状语从句32. _______ (Although/If) it rains, the game will go on.33. _______ (As soon as/While) I finish my homework, I will go out to play.34. _______ (Because/Since) he was tired, he went to bed early.答案解析1. books - 名词复数2. children - 名词复数3. leaves - 名词复数4. men - 名词复数5. leaves - 一般将来时6. will have begun - 将来完成时7. is written - 被动语态8. are cleaned - 被动语态9. most beautiful - 最高级10. better - 比较级11. more interesting - 比较级12. taller - 比较级13. an - 不定冠词14. An - 不定冠词15. The - 定冠词16. yours - 名词性物主代词17. He - 主格代词18. Whose, mine - 疑问代词，名词性物主代词19. with - 介词20. in - 介词21. in - 介词22. under - 介词23. Although - 让步状语从句24. if - 条件状语从句25. Not only - 并列连词26. Seeing - 不定式作主语27. reading - 动名词作宾语28. doing - 现在分词作宾语29. whom - 关系代词30. where - 关系。
高考英语语法填空(北京卷)解析版
高考英语语法填空（北京卷）2020北京卷role in his life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try, "he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. Hepossible.答案：plays 或has played 或is playing 或has been playing ; lucky ; if 或whether解析：1.考查动词的时态。
句意：他说食物在他的生活中扮演着重要的角色。
根据句意可知表示经常性习惯性的动作，用一般现在时态。
主语为food，谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式，故答案：为plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
2.考查形容词做表语。
句意：奥利弗说，如果你很幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人，那就问问他们，如果可能的话，你是否可以加入。
luck 名词，幸运，形容词形式为lucky，故答案：为lucky。
3.考查宾语从句。
句意：如果你很幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人，那就问问他们，如果可能的话，你是否可以加入。
根据句意可知表达是否，用if/whether。
B篇Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times beforeMany of these bags endup in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures,and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.答案：are thrown ; to break ; into 或to ; countries解析：1.考查被动语态。
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北京高三英语语法填空汇编（1）1第一节阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)AOnce I was playing in the woods when the sky started to turn dark and the wind started to blow. I saw a big black cloud 1 (move) towards me. Suddenly, I felt the rain hitting my face! Actually, it was pouring! Then I saw lightning in the sky. And later, BOOM!!! A loud clap of thunder! Then I saw a little old hut and ran inside. It smelled awful and the walls were shaking, but it was 2 (good) than nothing! Outside, the wind was howling and things were flying around. I just stood in the corner, cold and scared. 3 (lucky) my dad came and found me. I was safe!BLi Bai was a Chinese poet praised from his own day to the present as a romantic figure 4 took traditional poetic forms to new heights. Thirty-four of his poems are included in Three Hundred Tang Poems. 5 (he) early poetry took place in the "golden age" of Tang dynasty. This all changed suddenly when all of northern China 6 (destroy) by war. Fortunately, many of his poems 7 (survive) ever since, enjoying lasting popularity in China and elsewhere.CThe Chinese Lunar(月球) Exploration Program is designed to be conducted in three stages: The first is simply reaching lunar orbit(轨道), a task 8 (complete) by Chang'e 1 in 2007 and Chang'e 2 in 2010. The second is 9 (land) on theMoon, as Chang'e 3 did in 2013 and Chang'e 4 in 2019. The third one is collecting lunar samples and sending them to Earth, a task for the future Chang'e 5 and Chang'e 6 missions. It 10 (be) China's first sample return mission in December 2019.2第一节阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)ATons of waste is being left on Mount Qomolangma by a 1 (grow) number of visitors, which bothers many people.A team will deal with the task 2 the climbing season ends this May, by which time there will be fewer visitors. Garbage3 (collect) on Qomolangma requires two to three years of training, according to Cering Dandar, a mountaineer and guide.BFood is one of the most basic and important daily needs. It gives us the strength and energy we need 4 (work) and play. Food also plays a role in our social interactions. Whether we 5 (celebrate) important occasions or just relaxing with friends, eating is an important social pastime. It is also an important part of our culture.6 a particular people like to eat can tell us a lot7 a country’s geography, history and traditions.CGoing to museums has become a trendy thing to do during the holidays in China. A popular choice this Spring Festival was the Palace Museum, 8 a special exhibition was staged to provide a virtual royal experience for visitors. The entiremuseum9 (decorate) with newly-restored ancient royal lanterns and spring couplets, including a set of the Chinese character “Fu” 10 (write) by five Qing Dynasty emperors.3第一节阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)AMy classmates and I had a really unforgettable experience，which made us very happy. We paid a visit 1 Lucy’s house yesterday. We didn’t have difficulty finding her house because she 2 (give) us clear directions. When we arrived at her house, her mother was preparing food for us. Then we began to help with the cooking. About an hour later, the food was ready, and we sat at the table enjoying the delicious food including fish and 3 (vegetable). Finally we went to Ann’s room where we watched our favourite TV programme together. 4 (decorate) with flowers and balloons, the room was warm and comfortable.BThe beautiful canola (油菜) flowers in spring attracted a large number of visitors to Hanzhong, a city in the south of western Shaanxi province. The city’s 9th annual canola flower festival 5 (start) on March 13 and ended on May 1, 2018. There were more than 600 square kilometers of canola fields in Hanzhong, 6 created unique scenery. About 50 observation spots 7 (design) for the tourists throughout the city.C25 people were killed and 50 injured on Wednesday in a train accident in Cairo, which surprised local people. According to the BBC, Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouli visited the scene and he said 8 cause was not yet known, but Egypt's police were conducting an investigation (进行调查) 9 (find) the reason of the accident. Egypt had one of the 10 (old) and largest rail networks, and crashes and other accidents were common.4第一节阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)AThe new sixth-grade teacher, Sava, is like most teachers in schools. This morning, she is calling the attendance list and asking the students in the back of the room to be quiet. Sava 1 (smile) at the students and looks happy. Sava doesn’t really look different from other teachers, 2 she is. Sava is a robot. She is remote controlled 3 a person through a camera inside the robot. Although Sava is not ready to be a real teacher, the children enjoy her visits.BWilbur and Orille Wright are brothers famous for inventing the first aeroplane. Their interest in flight 4 (start)on the day when their father brought home a toy helicopter for them. It was made of paper and wood. The boys played with it until it broke, and then made their own 5 (replace) it. When they were older, they owned a bicycle shop where they started producing and selling their own bikes. This provided them with the money to pay for their experiments in flight. Eventually, they built their 6 (fly) machine.CBecause deaf people can’t hear, the y have special ways of communicating. For example, they can learn to understand 7 someone is saying by looking at the mouth of the speaker. This 8 (call) lipreading. Also, speaking is very difficult for the deaf, because they can’t hear 9 (they) own voices. However, it is possible with special training. According to many deaf people all around the world, the most 10 (practice) and popular way of communicating is with sign language.5第一节阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。