科技文献的阅读及翻译方法课件共43页

▪ Preliminary knowledge
chemical bond: is the force which holds together atoms in molecules or crystals – ionic bond, covalent bond, coordination bond, hydrogen bond, metallic bond (lattice)
Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, and reactions of organic compounds
Chemical reactions are known as chemical changes - changes in the structure of molecules-molecules attaching to each other to form larger molecules, molecules breaking apart to form two or more smaller molecules, or rearrangements of atoms within molecules. Chemical reactions usually involve the making or breaking of chemical bonds.
讲授目的
▪ 最近，很多同学反应，在实习单位尤其是 外资企业，经常遇到一些不认识的产品代 号，或者是一些英文的产品说明书。而且 由于缺乏专业英语知识，在实习过程中工 作不能顺利的开展，这给许多同学带来了 困扰，也激发了学生们学习专业外语的热 情。
Contents
Specialist English in Chemical Engineering （ChE）
The distinction between the two disciplines is not absolute and there is much overlap, most importantly in the subdiscipline of organometallic chemistry. Generally speaking, organic compounds have carbon-hydrogen bonds, and inorganic compounds do not. Thus carbonic acid (H2CO3) is inorganic; whereas formic acid is organic, although it could as well be called "carbonous acid“, its anhydride; carbon monoxide, is inorganic.
▪ 1. Introduction
▪ 2. Fundamentals in ChE
▪ 3. Specialized Topics in ChE
1. Introduc translation, representation, communication
▪ Difficulty
a compound is a pure, macroscopically homogeneous substance formed from two or more elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition that cannot be separated by physical means. For example, water is a compound made out of hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of two to one.
Molecules: can be either polyatomic or monoatomic. Polyatomic molecules are electrically neutral clusters of two or more atoms joined by shared pairs of electrons (covalent bonds). A substance that is made up of molecules is called a molecular substance. Many familiar substances are made of molecules (e.g. table sugar, water, most gases) while many other equally familiar substances are not molecular in their structure (e.g. metals).
too many similar/different words; too many fields in ChE
▪ Objective
Preliminary English of ChE; extend your English words; improve your oral representation
Periodic Table for elements (Chemistry professor Dmitri Mendeleev, prepared his lectures and wanted to find some way to organize his knowledge for his students to make it more understandable.)
2. Fundamentals in ChE
2.1 Chemistry (inorganic, organic)
▪ Preliminary knowledge
Inorganic chemistry is a branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds.