中国政法大学2004年考博英语试题及答案

中国政法大学研究生院2004年博士研究生入学考试英语试题考试日期：三月二十七日上午(Time Limit: 180 minutes)Part I Listening ComprehensionPart II Vocabulary and Grammatical StructurePart III Reading ComprehensionPart IV TranslationPart V Writing考试注意事项一、本考试的试卷一律在考场当场启封。

二、答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名和准考证号分别填写在答题卡上和试卷二的答题纸密封线内。

三、试卷一上 Part I、 Part II 和 Part III 的答案一律用铅笔填涂在答题卡上，并在相应的字母上涂黑，如[A] [B] [C] [D]。

试卷二上的Part IV 和Part V 的答案一律用钢笔或圆珠笔写在试卷二的答题纸上。

凡写在试题册上作答或在答题纸上用铅笔作答一律无效。

四、本试卷全部考试时间为180分钟。

五、考生须等监考人员将试题册及答题卡和答题纸收点无误并宣布本考试结束后，方可离开考场。

试卷一T E S T P A P E R O N E Part I Listening Comprehension (15 points)Section A (5 points)Directions:In this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, there will be a question about what was said. You will hear the question only once. When you have heard the question, you will have a period of 15-20 seconds to read the four possible answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] and decide which is the best answer. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets.Example:You will hear:Man: Hello, Mary. This is John Smith at the office. Is Bill feeling any better today?Woman: Oh, yes, John. He’s feeling much better now. But t he doctor says he’ll have to stay in bed until Monday.Third voice: Where is Bill now?You will read:[A] At the office. [B] On his way to work.[C] Home in bed. [D] Away on vacation.From the conversation, we know that Bill is sick and will have to remain in bed until Monday. The best answer, then, is [C], “Home in bed.” Therefore you should choose answer [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [D]1. [A] She thought it was long.[B] She liked it very much.[C] She didn’t like it because it was violent.[D] She thought it was too boring.2. [A] Five and a half years.[B] Six years and six months.[C] Four and six months.[D] Seven and a half years.3. [A] An old gentleman.[B] A constable.[C] A policewoman.[D] An old gentleman wearing glasses.4. [A] Either is right.[B] Neither is good.[C] None is right.[D] Both are good.5. [A] By bus.[B] By air.[C] By train.[D] By car.6. [A] A code number.[B] An agent.[C] An airliner.[D] A heavy bomber.7. [A] They are talking about summer jobs.[B] They are talking about employment and unemployment.[C] They are talking about school laborers.[D] They are talking about child education.8. [A] They had no time.[B] They couldn’t afford it.[C] The old one was still in use.[D] They both want to buy another new car.9. [A] Everyday except Thursday.[B] Everyday.[C] Monday, Wednesday and Friday.[D] Monday, Tuesday and Friday.10. [A] She likes to travel.[B] She is fortune’s favorite.[C] She is a good photographer.[D] She is a talented writer.Section B (10 points)Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.(10 points)Passage IQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have heard.11. [A] He thought that the doctor was telling a lie.[B] He thought that he was hopeful.[C] He thought that he was in despair and going to die.[D] He thought deaf meant nothing to him.12. [A] After he had consulted doctors.[B] When he could not hear himself humming a tune.[C] When he heard a humming noise.[D] When the humming noise grew louder.13. [A] Light music.[B] Popular music.[C] Folk songs.[D] Stormy, exciting music.14. [A] The Story of Beethoven’s Life.[B] Beethoven Becomes Deaf.[C] The Music of Beethoven.[D] Beethoven’s Courageous Triumph over Tragedy.Passage 2Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have heard.15. [A] When they suffer from great hunger.[B]When they lack food and do not see any light.[C] When they live in darkness.[D] When they loose weight.16. [A] They do not grow old.[B] They are afraid of light.[C] They do not eat food at all.[D] They die when they become a ball of cells.17. [A] Sea worms.[B] Anemones.[C] Cells.[D] Aging.Passage 3Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have heard.18. [A] In the Atlantic Ocean.[B] 145 miles from Hawaii.[C] Six miles from Hawaii.[D] On an aircraft carrier.19. [A] For two days.[B] For three days.[C] For twelve days.[D] For fifteen days.20. [A] In the space module.[B] Aboard the helicopter.[C] Aboard the carrier.[D] In Houston.Part II Vocabulary and Grammatical Structure (15 points)Section ADirections: There are 15 sentences in this section. Each sentence has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the one word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets.Example:The initial step is often the most difficult.[A] quickest [B] longest [C] last [D] firstTh e best answer is [D] because “first” has the same meaning as “initial” in the sentence. Therefore you should choose [D].Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [D] 21．Some dramatic successes in the realm of foreign policy marked the last six years of his time in office.[A] mood[B] condition[C] atmosphere[D] field22. With mother away the house is in utter confusion.[A] temporary[B] unusual[C] complete[D] substantial23. The notice was prominently displayed.[A] conspicuously[B] frighteningly[C] funnily[D] secretively24. This tribe had become extinct by that time.[A] declined[B] withdrawn[C] vanished[D] diminished25. He was consumed with hatred and his whole life was a nightmare.[A] overwhelmed[B] destroyed[C] exhausted[D] collapsed26. The team’s victory consolidated its chance for the championship.[A] provided[B] enabled[C] strengthened[D] facilitated27. During the Second World War, all important resources in the US were allocated by the federal government.[A] nationalized[B] taxed[C] approved[D] assigned28. He is an honest person. His actions are always consistent with his words.[A] contrary to[B] contradicted by[C] agreed on[D] in accordance with29. It’s often difficult to discern the truth of an event from the newspaper stories.[A] understand[B] distinguish[C] find[D] get30. In our company, payments by check easily outnumber cash transactions.[A] payments[B] companies[C] exchanges[D] business deals31. He is considerate and pleasant. I really enjoy his company.[A] firm[B] warmth[C] hospitality[D] companionship32. Michelle claimed to be a direct descendant of Napoleon Bonaparte.[A] defendant[B] offspring[C] attendant[D] participant33. We mustn’t become contended about our progress.[A] complacent[B] complimentary[C] complicated[D] compulsive34. These bronze fastenings protrude through the keel and would have secured the main station frames of the hull.[A] force[B] internal[C] project[D] intersect35. And rather than depicting various hues of political opinion, the new murals make an environmental statement.[A] select[B] copy[C] converse[D] illustrateSection BDirections: There are 15 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets.Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times ______ 1979.[A] from [B] after [C] for [D] sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore you should choose [D].Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [D]36. ______ being elected president came ____ a surprise to everyone.[A] She … to[B] Hers … like[C] She is … for[D] Her … as37. I suggested that he_____ with one of his college professors for a recommendation.[A] gets[B] get[C] got[D] would get38. The man has dignified features and a commanding voice. His appearance is ____.[A] imposed[B] imposition[C] imposingly[D] imposing39. Everyone should prepare _____ for emergencies.[A] itself[B] themselves[C] hisself[D] himself40. In some mountainous areas about 40% ______ illiterate.[A] is[B] is to be[C] have been[D] are41. ______ are the highest mountains in the world.[A] Himalayas[B] A Himalayas[C] The Himalayas[D] To be Himalayas42. ______ all her work an hour ahead of time, she decided to go home early.[A] If she finished[B] Having finished[C] In order to finish[D] When she finishes43. There are difficulties to be overcome, _______.[A] it would require a knowledge of electricity I don’t have[B] require a knowledge of electricity I don’t have[C] in which would require a knowledge of electricity I don’t have[D] which would require a knowledge of electricity I don’t have44. He forgot to tell me _______.[A] what time I come[B] what time to come[C] at what time should I come[D] what time I should to come45. In the middle part of China, _____, a major industrial and transportation center.[A] the city of Wuhan lies there[B] around the city of Wuhan lies[C] lies the city of Wuhan[D] there lies the city of Wuhan46. Walking down the street the other day, ______.[A] I saw unusual something happen[B] a terrible accident occurred[C] something unusual was seen by me[D] I witnessed a terrible accident47. _____ in your class?[A] Whom do you think is the smartest student[B] Who do you think is the smartest student[C] Do you think who is the smartest student[D] Who you think is the smartest student48. “I hear you are enjoying your new job.” “________, I find it rather dull.”[A] By contrast[B] In contrast[C] On the contrary[D] To the contrary49. The president hopes that every market will be _____ open to our products_____ our markets to theirs.[A] the same; that[B] the same; as[C] so; as[D] as; as50. _______ her interest in children, I am sure that teaching is the right career for her.[A] Given[B] Granted[C] Provided[D] SuppliedPart III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Then on your Answer Sheet, find the corresponding letter and mark your choice on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Living in a war culture, with a $350 billion annual military budget, Americans may lose a sense of what a peace culture may look like. Peace, sometimes defined as absence of war, is more accurately understood as a dynamic process involving all individual and communal relationships. Peacemaking requires at least as much courage, imagination, patience and strategic planning as warmaking, with infinitely more positive results. Its goal is nonviolent relations, not only between nations, but also between states and their citizens and between human beings and their environments.Achieving that goal requires day-to-day peace building in our families, schools, media, sports and other associations. The UN resolutions for establishing a Culture of Peace, endorsed by the General Assembly in 1999, offers an instruction manual. The Culture of Peace program through the United Nations was initially published in 1995, then revised and approved by 169 nations four years later. The UN declaration received the enthusiastic support of millions of people who signed its manifesto. An interactive Web site has involved more than 75 million individuals and thousands of local, national and international organizations in this global movement for building societies based on peace.The formulations of the culture of peace is deliberately broad, in order to include all the ends and means appropriate to the full range of nongovernmental organizations working for peace and justice. The UN resolutions for a Culture ofPeace has six principal components. Each one articulates strategies and goals, already demonstrated, in specific instances of “people power” form recent history.Power builds upon the experience of active nonviolence as a means of social change and its proven success during the 20th century. People are mobilized not in order to defeat an enemy but in order to build understanding, tolerance and solidarity. Democratic process engages people in decision-making at all levels and empowers them by the victories they achieve. The secrecy and control of information by those in power is replaced by participatory democracy, through the sharing of information among everyone involved. The male-dominated culture of war and violence is transformed into a culture acknowledging and building upon special skills that women bring to the peace building process, with women at the center of institutions emerging from it. Slavery, colonialism, economic exploitation are replaced by cooperation and sustainable development for all.51. From paragraph 1 we can learn that _____.[A] America is a hidden trouble of peace[B] peace is more complex than war[C] maintaining peace is more easily than initiating a war[D] peace is pointing to the connections with countries52. The passage tells us that peacemaking ________.[A] lies in ordinary aspects of our lives[B] makes the UN be in despair sometime[C] is a topic far away from the public[D] is a concern to many people only on the internet53. We can infer from the passage that the UN declaration ______.[A] cannot attribute to endeavors of government[B] was signed by 164 countries at the beginning[C] tried to collect all the peace influences in many ways[D] cited many peace examples in history54. The author deems that power can be got ______.[A] by violence[B] by reforming the systems[C] by nonviolence[D] by insistent effort55. According to the passage, we can see that ________.[A] the topic of peace is transferred from many countries to one country[B] the UN peace declaration cannot take effect as expected[C] to get peace, the leaders must be endowed with power[D] the author is optimistic to the foreground of peaceQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Money–laundering has been one of the world’s fastest-growing industries over the past decade despite increasing efforts by the world’s financial authorities to stamp it out. Following is a simple guide to the world of money-laundering.Money-laundering is the process by which money obtained by illegal means is given the appearance of legitimate income and returned into circulation. The word and the practice are widely believed to have been invented by the US Mafia. As a means of mixing the dirty cash obtained from prostitution, gambling, gun-running, blackmail and its other wicked activities, so that both came out more or less clean, the Mafia bought up and operated large numbers of Laundromats. As good cash businesses they were a good means of providing the appearance of honest cash flow.Various techniques can be employed as the means of money-laundering, but they essentially boil down to three stages. Step one: moving the money form the scene of the crime A to a remote location B, ideally in another country, preferably a bank account, if possible one that is anonymous. Step two: disguising the trail leading from A to B. Step three: making the cash available to the criminals, along with a plausible explanation of how it came legally into their possession.Apart from harming the economies that it feeds off, the money-laundering industry is essential to organized crime. As the head of the UN’s crime-fighting wing Pino Arlacchi remarked, organized crime “brutalizes society and diminishes respect for the values like honesty and cooperation upon which successful societies are based”. Or as a senior US official said in 1999, “money-laundering may look like a polite form of white-collar crime, but it is the companion of brutality, deceit and corruption.”The liberalization of markets around the world and deregulation of exchange controls are regarded as the chief causes of the rapid expansion of money-laundering over the past decade. Together they have opened up money more channels for laundering dirty money and provided more opportunities to hide its origins. UN officials believe the most important single measure in eliminating money-laundering is the ending of bank secrecy.56. We know from the passage that money-laundering ______.[A] has almost been stamped out by the world’s financial authorities[B] has greatly promoted the development of the world’s industries[C] only has a ten-year history but has grown rapidly[D] has expanded rapidly over the past decade57. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “stamp it out” in the first paragraph?[A] To put an end to it completely.[B] To mark a sign by pressing on it.[C] To announce it illegal.[D] To do harm to it.58. The reason why the Mafia bought up and ran substantial Laundromats is that ____.[A] the Mafia can carry out large numbers of illegal transactions in them[B] the Mafia has many wicked activities like prostitution and gambling in them[C] the Laundromats can give the dirty cash the appearance of legitimate income[D] the Laundromats is such a profit-making industry that has attracted the Mafia59. In money-laundering, money would be moved from the scene of the crime to _____.[A] the financial authorities[B] the circulation fields[C] Laundromats operated by the Mafia[D] anonymous bank account in another country60. With the worldwide liberalization of markets, money-laundering has expanded rapidly by ______.[A] deregulating the exchange controls[B] buying and operating more Laundromats[C] having more channels to launder dirty money[D] tightening the bank secrecy rulesQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage:Violence in American families takes many forms. One prevalent from that we often overlook is the physical punishment of children. Perhaps 93% of all parents beat their children in order to discipline them. Young children receive the most punishment, but studies reveal that about 50% of his school seniors report experiencing or being threatened with physical punishment. Punishment of children varies from a light tap to a brutal beating, but historically we have granted parents the right to use physical force against their children. A law passed in 1696, for example, called for the beat penalty for a child of “sufficient understanding” over the age of sixteen who cursed or struck a parent or who was “stubborn and rebellious” in refusing to obey a parent. From interviews with 2,143 married couples constituting a cross-section of American families, sociologists estimate that parents kick, punch, or bite some 1.7million children a year, beat 460,0000 to 650,000 more, and attack 46,000 with guns or knives.Physical punishment of children that results in injuries requiring medical treatment is now generally considered to be abusive. Most people do not realize, however, that it is the regular use of “ordinary” physical punishment, and the cultural approval it enjoys, that lays the groundwork for child abuse. According to David Gil, “In most accidents of child abuse the care takers involved are “normal”individuals exercising their rights of disciplining a child whose behavior they find in need of correction. “If one adult were to strike another, most people would regard such behavior as abusive.Most parents use physical punishment in the belief that it will control the aggression in their children and make them obedient. In fact, violence – whether verbal or physical – sets children a poor example. An adult who yells at or slaps a child unwittingly supplies the child with a model for aggression. Studies have found that the frequent use of physical punishment for aggressive acts by a child results in a marked increase in the child’s aggression. Perhaps not surprisingly, abusive parents are themselves likely to have been abused when they were children. The pattern of abuse is unwittingly translated from parent to child and thus from generation to generation.61. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?[A] Punishment of children was once justified in American law.[B] Most of the parents have used physical punishment to discipline disobedient children in America.[C] High school students rarely receive punishment from their parents.[D] Child abuse is rooted in American culture.62. Which of the following is Not mentioned in the passage as a means of physical punishment?[A] Punching.[B] Biting.[C] Threatening.[D] Beating.63. The word “it” (Line 3, Para 2) refer to _______.[A] physical punishment[B] the cultural approval[C] the regular use of “ordinary” physical punishment[D] injuries requiring medical treatment64. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?[A] Physical punishment is helpful for parents to correct children’s indecent behavior.[B] Parents who use physical punishment to discipline their children should be punished by law.[C] A child who is severely punished will revenge the abuse on his own child in later life.[D] Parents who punish children physically actually set bad examples of aggression for their children.65. What is the author’s attitude towards physical punishment by parents?[A] Disagreeing.[B] Understanding.[C] Supporting.[D] Severely critical.Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage:Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expression the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth”. That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offense against society. To atone for offense, society must get even. This can be done only by forcing an equal injury upon him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal codes procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal toadminister a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own life will pay the debt.Modern jurists have tried to replace retributive with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment which will enable him to become a normal member of society. Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated from the rest of the society. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. If severe punishment is the only adequate means for accomplishing this, it should be administered. However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society. His conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.66. The best title for this selection is _____.[A] Fitting Punishment to the Crime[B] Improvement in Legal Justice[C] Approaches to Just Punishment[D] Attaining Justice in the Courts67. Hegel would view the death sentence for murder as _______.[A] inadequate justice[B] an admission of not being able to cure a disease[C] the most efficient method of removing a known danger[D] a birthright of the murderer that cannot be take away68. The passage implies that the basic difference between retributive justice and corrective justice is the ______.[A] type of crime that was proven[B] severity of the punishment[C] reason for the sentence[D] outcome of the trial69. The punishment that would be most inconsistent with the views of corrective justice would be ______.[A] beating[B] solitary confinement[C] life imprisonment[D] the electric chair70. The expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” was presented in order to ________.[A] prove that equality demands just punishment[B] justify the need for punishment as a part of law[C] give moral backing to retributive justice[D] show that man has long been interested in justice试卷二T E S T P A P E R T W O Part IV Translation (20 points)Section ADirections:Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet. Remember to write it clearly. (10 points) In Western Europe, the EU countries are now moving towards product liability laws which will be harsher on business than ever before. This is partly because of the recent tragic events in which hundreds of infants were born with deformities because their mother, while pregnant, had taken a drug called thalidomide (萨立多胺).The EU proposals are based on the legal concept of “strict liability”, and, in this respect, they are modeled on the tough US product liability laws. The term “strict liability” means that if a product causes injury because of a defect in manufacturing, a company is liable.A very controversial section of the proposals says that a manufacturer is liable even for those defects that could not have been foreseen “in light of the scientific and technological developments at the time the item was put into circulation”. A ten-year limit is proposed on a company’s liability, probably to soften the severity of this provision.Section BDirections: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet. Remember to write it clearly. (10 points)毒品问题直接关系到社会稳定与安全，关系到全人类的命运。