2002年04月试题答案
计算机系统结构自考2002-2021真题及答案(02325 历年试题全带答
计算机系统结构自考2002-2021真题及答案（02325 历年试题全带答计算机系统结构自考2002~2021真题及答案全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试一、单项选择题(每小题1分，共10分)在每小题的四个备答案中有一个正确的答案，将正确答案的序号写在题干后的括号内)1.计算机使用的语言是( B )A.专属软件范畴，与计算机体系结构无关B.分属于计算机系统各个层次C.属于用以建立一个用户的应用环境 D.属于符号化的机器指令 2.动态数据流机最突出的特点是使( C )A.数据流令牌无标号B.需要程序记数器来实现C.令牌带上标号D.同步由门(Latch)寄存器来实现 3.多处理机上两个程序段之间若有先写后读的数据相关，则( B )A.可以并行执行B.不可能并行C.任何情况均可交换串行D.必须并行执行 4.多处理机的各自独立型操作系统( D )A.要求管理程序不必是可再入的B.适合于紧耦合多处理机C.工作负荷较平衡D.有较高的可靠性 5.输入输出系统硬件的功能对( B )是透明的。
A.操作系统程序员B.应用程序员C.系统结构设计人员D.机器语言程序设计员6.“启动I/O”指令是主要的输入输出指令，是属于( B )A.目态指令B.管态指令C.目态、管态都能用的指令D.编译程序只能用的指令 7.全相联地址映象是指( A )A.任何虚页都可装入主存中任何实页的位置B.一个虚页只装进固定的主存实页位置C.组之间是固定的，而组内任何虚页可以装入任何实页位置D.组间可任意装入，组内是固定装入 8.( C )属于MIMD系统结构。
A.各处理单元同时受同一个控制单元的管理B.各处理单元同时接受同一个控制单元送来的指令 C.松耦合多处理机和多计算机 D.阵列处理机9.设16个处理器编号分别为0，1，2，…，15用Cube3互联函数时，第10号处理机与第( D )号处理机相联。
A.11B.8C.14D.210.若输入流水线的指令既无局部性相关，也不存在全局性相关，则( A )A.可获得高的吞吐率和效率B.流水线的效率和吞吐率恶化C.出现瓶颈D.可靠性提高二、填空题(每空1分，共20分)11.标志符与每个数据相连，合存于__同一存储单元_____，用于描述单个数据的___类型特征____。
全国2002年4月自学考试动物生产概论试题答案
全国2002年4月自学考试动物生产概论试题答案课程代码：02762一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共20分)1.A2.D3.D4.B5.C6.B7.A8.B9.C 10.C11.D 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.C16.B 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.A二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)1.ABCDE2.CDE3.ABC4.CDE 35.BD三、名词解释(每小题3分，共15分)1.限制性氨基酸：饲料或日粮中较动物生长需要量少的必需氨基酸。
2.同期发情：对群体空怀母畜通过激素或其他药物处理，人为地控制并调整它们的自然发情周期进程，使分散发情改变为在一定时间内集中发情。
3.PSE猪肉：肉色苍白，质地松软无弹性，切面向外渗水的猪肉。
4.全价配合饲料：配合饲料中所含营养物质(养分)的种类和数量均能满足动物的营养需要，并能达到一定的生产水平的饲料。
5.等位基因：在一对同源染色体上占有相同位点的基因。
四、简答题(每小题各7分，共35分)1.(要点)①饲料中毒；②农药和药物中毒；③有毒植物中毒；④有毒动物的刺咬及其他原因引起的中毒。
2.①从育肥开始到结束，完全按猪的生长发育需要给予丰富的营养，没有吊架子期；②精料随体重增加而增加，能量水平逐渐提高，蛋白质水平前高后低，各种营养物质比例平衡；③营养供给与日增重均直线上升，此法可以显著地缩短猪的育肥期。
3.①扩大优良种公畜利用效率，迅速提高畜群质量；②不受时间、地域、种畜寿命的限制；③可以提高受胎率；④防止生殖疾病传播；⑤节省费用。
4.①遗传相关是两个性状育种值之间的相关系数；②性状间的遗传相关可用于间接选择或辅助主选性状的选择；制订选择指数；5.①构成动物体的重要成分；②调节体液渗透压；③调节血液酸碱平衡。
五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)1.①猪、鸡的蛋白质营养实质是氨基酸的营养；②全价配合饲料既要考虑蛋白质的数量，又要考虑蛋白质的品质以及必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸之间的比例；③选择适当的动物性饲料与植物性饲料合理搭配，使氨基酸之间互补；④常规饲料不能平衡的限制性氨基酸，则用合成氨基酸补充。
2002年4月全国英语阅读(一)试题及答案
全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)试题课程代码：00595PART ONEⅠ.TEXT COMPREHENSIONThe following comprehension questions are based on the texts you have learned, and each of them is provided with 4 choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].Choose the best answer to each question and write it on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points, 1 point each)1.“One dollar and eighty-seven cents,”which O. Henry repeatedly mentions in Gifts of the Magi, is _____.[A]the money Della has been earning for months[B]what Della has saved to buy herself a comb[C]what Jim has given her for a Christmas present[D]the money Della has saved to buy Jim a present2.When the brothers discovered the secret love affair between Lisabetta and Lorenzo, they _____.[A]decided to wait for a chance to wipe away the shame[B]restrained from taking action after long consideration[C]immediately put an end to it by killing Lorenzo and burying him in a remote place[D]secretly sent Lorenzo away on business without informing their sister of it3.Accoridng to The Pardoner's Tale, the woman who gave the knight the right answer to the question disguised herself as a very old and ugly woman in order to .[A]avoid being noticed by the Queen[B]try out his goodness as a knight[C]prevent the knight from finding the answer[D]make sure he was obedient to women4.“She (Mme. Loisel )seemed to have fallen from her proper situation in life as a woman of wealth, beauty, grace and charm.”This quotation from The Necklace simply means that ______. [A]she had been a woman of wealth, beauty, grace and charm but now she was no longer whatshe used to be[B]she should have been a woman of wealth, beauty, grace and charm but her husband spoiled allher dreams[C]she felt as if a woman of wealth, beauty, grace and charm had fallen into an abyss(深渊)ofbitter life[D]as a woman of wealth, beauty, grace and charm, she should have had a social position shedeserved5.According to the story The Lost Gold Piece, when Lebeau refused to be searched,______.[A]his friends said nothing but walked out in anger[B]those present were all certain that Lebeau was a thief[C]no one spoke to Lebeau though most of them felt pity for him[D]he felt as if the were a real criminal6.Aesop was a Greek writer who ______.[A]wrote Snow White and many other stories about fairies and princes[B]wrote many stories about animals that talked and behaved like humans[C]collected Greek legends and myths 2,500 years ago[D]collected European lyrics and folk songs in ancient Greece7.In The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calavers County, Smiley went off to the swamp to find a frog to serve as Daniel's opponent for a jumping contest. While he was waiting for Smiley to return, the stranger took Daniel out of the box and ______.[A]fed him a few teaspoons of whisky[B]fed him a few teaspoons of sand[C]replaced him by a good-looking frog[D]ran away with Smiley's box and money8.In Art for Heart's Sake, after Ellsworth recovered from the disease, he made a surprising announcement that ______.[A]he would run a big risk of buying the gallery[B]he was going to exhibit his painting in the summer show at the gallery[C]some good paintings would be singled out for praise[D]he would comp up with a more promising financial plan9.According to How to Live like a Millionaire, the accumulation of wealth chiefly depends on ______.[A]self-discipline [B]inheritance[C]intelligence [D]luck10.The theme of Rip Van Winkle, a short story taken from The Sketch Book, is ______.[A]the value of individualism and intuitive perception[B]the human imagination to commune with nature[C]the nostalgia(怀旧)for the unrecoverable past[D]the praise for the individual and common man11.On waking up, Rip V an Wrinkle found himself ______.[A]in the hollow where the serious folk played ninepins[B]in the woods where he used to divert himself in hunting[C]in one of the biggest parts of mountains he used to climb[D]on the green hill where he had first seen the old man with the keg full of liquor12.In The Wrong House, the two men entered the house stealthily to ______.[A]make a big robbery [B]hide the suitcase packed with dollars[C]flee for their lives [D]wait for their partners13.Pandora's Box conveys to the reader the message that ______.[A]the warnings given by friends or family members should be valued[B]there is hope in life despite trouble and difficulty[C]curiosity often brings harm and trouble in life[D]patience is the best rule of life for young couples14.According to Bricks from the Tower of the Babel, nearly a thousand languages have been invented with the purpose to ______.[A]enrich natural languages[B]confound the languages of the world[C]create a single international language[D]replace native languages15.The use of Latin and Greek roots appeals to most linguists mainly because of ______.[A]their link to the religion[B]their long history[C]their direct spelling rules and pronunciation[D]their Indo-European origin16.Helen Keller cited an example of her friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods to show that ______.[A]the seeing often do not see the interesting things[B]the seeing do not know the wonderful pleasure of touching things[C]walking in the woods is the best way to enjoy Nature[D]the blind get little pleasure through mere touching17.According to Social Classes, one thing that helps to make social class elastic is ______.[A]birth [B]residence[C]marriage [D]occupation18.The Supreme Court sees to it that ______.[A]the President does not become a dictator[B]the Congress approves the President's proposals[C]the individual's rights are protected against the government[D]the states do not go against the federal government19.Jane felt an inexpressible relief, a feeling of protection and safety when she knew that ______.[A]there was a stranger in the room[B]Mrs Reed was nearby[C]Bessie sat by her bedside[D]John Reed was not in the room20.In Jane Eyre, Bessie asked Sarah to come and sleep with her in the nursery because she ______.[A]wanted to discuss Jane's problems with her[B]was afraid that Jane might die that night[C]believed that Mr Reed's ghost might rise before her[D]had a terrible dream the night beforeⅡ.READING COMPREHENSIONIn this part there are 4 reading passages followed by 20 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].Y ou should decide on the best answer and write it on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1Queen Elizabeth II’s pronunciation of English has been infected by her subjects, Aussie scientists say.Phoneticists from Sydney's Macquarie University studied archive recordings of the Queen's annual Christmas message to the Commonwealth from the 1950s to1980s, analyzing her Majesty's vowels.They then compared those vowels with the standard accent of southern England, as used by female British broadcasters on the BBC in the 1980s, to see how the royal accent had changed.Their conclusion: the cut-glass speech of the early years of the Queen's reign has become—how shall we say—somewhat commoner over the years.That in itself subtly mirrors the changes is Britain, from a country with a rigid social hierarchy(等级制度)four decades ago to one where class differences have blurred and in some areas disappeared.“The Queen's pronunciation of some vowels has been influenced by the standard southern-British accent of the 1980s which is more typically associated with speakers who are younger and lower in the social hierarchy,”the researchers say.Standard speech in southern England has been influenced by Cockneys(伦敦人), whose accent was initiated by Dick V an Dyke in the Walt Disney movie“Mary Poppins.”Purists will be reassured that the Queen's “Hice (house) of Windsor”will not become the Ouse of Windsor”(by dropping the‘h’) in the foreseeable future.However, there have been changes in 10 out of the 11 vowel sounds in the standard English.These changes bring her speech closer to that of her Cockney subjects, the researchers found.An example of this is the way in which she pronounces “had”.In the 1950s, the royal pronunciation of this word almost rhymed with“bed”.But 30 years later, it had migrated halfway to the standard southern English pronunciation, which rhymes “had”with“had”.The Australian team say the pronunciation of all languages alters subtly over time, mainly because of influence from the young, and it is foolish for anyone to try to prevent change.“The chances of societies and academies successfully preserving a particular form of pronunciation against the influence of community and social changes are unlikely,”they say.The research was published December 21 in Nature, the British science weekly.21.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?[A]The pronunciation of all languages changes subtly over time.[B]It is not always easy to preserve a particular form of pronunciation.[C]The Queen's English has become commoner.[D]Class differences have blurred and even disappeared.22.Who did the research into the Queen's pronunciation?[A]An Australian research group.[B]Phoneticians from a British University.[C]A British science weekly.[D]The BBC broadcasters.23.The Queen's pronunciation of some vowels has been influenced by .[A]female British broadcasters on the BBC in the 1980s[B]the social changes in Britain in the 1980s[C]the standard speech in southern England[D]her subjects in the Commonwealth countries24.By saying that the change in the Queen's English mirrors the social changes in Britain, the writer means .[A]the rigid social hierarchy 40 years ago has collapsed[B]the Queen's accent has been influenced by the lower class[C]the Queen's accent is associated with the younger speakers[D]the social differences in Britain are no longer as distinct as before25.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT stated?[A]The researchers analyzed the Queen's vowels to see how the royal accent had changed.[B]The researchers found that the Queen's accent is closer to that of her Cockney subjects.[C]It is unlikely to preserve a particular accent against social changes and influence ofcommunity.[D]The change in the pronunciation of a particular language is closely associated with the Royalspeech.Passage 2If culture is learned, there must be channels of transmission. This is the task of agents of socialization—people and organizations charged with conveying the rules. Chief among these are parents, peers, teachers, the media, and religious authorities.The first and most important agent of socialization is those who care for infants. In the earliest months, messages from nurturers(抚养人) constitute the child's basic understanding of the world around it. This is the infant's first introduction to the language that shapes perception and elicits emotions. What the child learns is the culture as mediated through others. A desire for continued interaction with the nurturers, combined with a fear of losing these sources of pleasure, motivates the infant to become sensitive to the cues of those entrusted with its care.Another powerful source of information and socialization is the friendship group of age peers. Peers are equals, whereas parents are superiors in relation to the child. The greater power of parents makes some kinds of learning difficult. A distance and formality must be observed even in the most indulgent (宽容) homes. Peers, on the other hand, are those one can deal with on the same level as oneself: tease, insult, let imagination loose upon, share dreadful mistakes with , and so on, but without the heavy emotional overlay of family relationship.Much formal socialization is placed in the hands of professionals. Teachers from kindergarten on are specifically designated agents of socialization, and are paid for the task. Ideally, a teacher is one who has both knowledge and the skills to present it.In an earlier time, parents, friends, and teachers would comprise the list of primary childhoodsocializers. Children's books, comics, and magazines might also have been mentioned as sources of information on norms and role models. Today one must add four powerful indirect socialization agents: radio, movie, television and computer. Many people learn about politics, form a vision of the good life, and develop attitudes toward others from what they see on the screen and hear through loudspeakers.26.The main topic of this passage is .[A]agents of socialization [B]sources of information[C]culture and language learning [D]channels of transmission27.According to the passage, parents are .[A]the first and most important agents of socialization[B]the less powerful agents of socialization than teachers[C]the least important agents of socialization[D]formal agents of socialization28.Some kind of knowledge cannot be learned from parents because .[A]there is the heavy emotional overlay of family relationships[B]children are not regarded as equals[C]children are not allowed to make mistakes[D]they have too many age peers29.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a source of information on norms and models?[A]Games. [B]Radio.[C]Books. [D]Television.30.The term “socializers”in the last paragraph refers to .[A]instructors [B]agents of socialization[C]superiors [D]nurturersPassage 3Before graduation from the University of Virginia, I sent my resume to African embassies and consulates, trying to find a position teaching English. But I didn't find a school in all the continent that would guarantee employment. In desperation, I applied to the Japanese Ministry of Education and Ministry of Foreign Affairs to teach English in Japan, which became my job offer.But the more I thought about going to Japan, the more apprehensive I became, I knew nothing of the history or culture, and I didn't speak the language. I worried that facing prejudice in a foreign country would be extremely frustrating.Arriving at Sakura Nishi High School, about 40 minutes from Tokyo, I was relieved to find that everyone, from my principal to the PTA mothers, treated me with kindness and respect. But I discovered that while Japanese teens respected me as an American, they idolized me because I was Black.While I was in Japan, trendy department stores advertised Booby Brown posters, Cross Colours gear and X caps in their windows, Rappers from Ice-T to Ice Cube toured, and Malcolm X was atthe major theaters. On Saturday nights Shibuya ward. Tokyo’s hub of hip-hop and high fashion, was packed with students in baggy jeans, “Doc”Martens, Chicango Bulls caps, permed (烫头发的) Afros and dreadlocks. To them, my being African-American meant I was Kakoi, cool. And before long I was a star.At a track-and-field event in Tokyo, I was one of the few foreign spectators. I hadn't been there ten minutes when a screaming mob of young girls swarmed around me like bees, waving pens, notebooks and T-shirts in my face, shouting,“Sign, sign, sign!”I was petrifide(发呆的).Then it dawned on me that they thought I was an athlete. I couldn’t explain in Japanese that I was only a spectator, so I surrendered.That day was only the first of many incidents of mistaken identity and instant stardom. Nightclub managers let me in free, knowing my presence would attract patrons, and security guards at rap concerts gave me backstage passes. To be young, single and Black in Tokyo in the nineties was surely as exciting and romantic as the pre-World War ⅡSpain Hemingway knew.But I wanted to say to the Japanese, “Y ou must understand, being Black is more involved than just wearing an X cap. It means being committed to furthering our race and nurturing our children. Being Black runs deeper than just having rhythm. It means possessing a history of more than 300 years of fighting for freedom and equality. And as a people, we are more diverse than our hair-styles. Our talents and interests vary as much as our shades of brown.”I wished I could have said what I really should have been telling myself all along, rather than defining myself by our images as either sports stars and performers or criminals and victims.31.The author's reason for going to Japan was that she .[A]intended to learn about the country and its people[B]failed to find an opportunity to teach English in Africa[C]knew she would be respected in foreign country[D]wanted to see if she would face prejudice in Japan32.How did the author feel about going to Japan?[A]Desperate. [B]Nervous.[C]Disappointed. [D]Frustrated.33.The author was treated like a star in Japan because .[A]she was a famous athlete [B]she was a famous rapper[C]she was an American [D]she was Black34.The writer's experience in Japan clearly tells us that .[A]Japanese people lack confidence in their own nation[B]many Japanese believe that all Blacks who visit Japan are famous athletes[C]people in Japan are strongly opposed to racial prejudice[D]Japanese people like sports and many are sports fans35.It can be most safely concluded from the last paragraph that .[A]the author did not actually tell anyone her ideas about being black[B]Japanese people were quite ignorant of American history[C]there was a lack of cultural exchange between American and Japan[D]people in the two countries have some misunderstanding about each otherPassage 4Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language; but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently pronouncing a foreign language is a skill—one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself, I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So, there should be occasions, when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place.Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique.It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students' pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted.But it does not follow that you can teach pronunciation successfully as soon as you have read the necessary books. It depends after that what use you make of your knowledge; and this is a matter of technique.36.What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languages?[A]Only a few people are really proficient.[B]No one is really an expert in the skill.[C]There aren't many people who are even fairly good.[D]There are even some people who are moderately proficient.37.The best way of learning to speak a foreign language, he suggests, is by .[A]picking it up naturally as a child[B]learning from a native speaker[C]not concentrating on pronunciation as such[D]undertaking systematic work38.What is it that teachers are said to be inclined to forget?[A]The practical teaching of languages.[B]The importance of a good accent.[C]The principles of phonetic theory.[D]The teaching of pronunciation in the classroom.39.The value the student puts on correct speech habits depends upon .[A]how closely he attends to the matter[B]whether it is English that is being taught[C]his teacher's approach to pronunciation[D]the importance normally given to grammar and spelling40.How might the teacher find himself wasting lesson time?[A]By spending lesson time on pronunciation.[B]By making ill-informed comments upon pronunciation.[C]By not using books on phonetics in the classroom.[D]By not giving students a clear mental picture of the difference between sounds.Ⅲ.SKIMMING AND SCANNINGIn this part there are 3 reading passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 answers marked [A],[B],[C]and[D].Skim or scan the passages, then decide on the best answer and write it on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point each)Passage 1Page PREFACE 1 INTRODUCTION 5The Search of American Characterby Luther S. Luedtke 35PART ONEBuilding a Nation1.America's Natural Landscapes 43by Pierce Lewis2.From Immigration to Acculturation 68by Arthur Mann3.The Frontier Family: Dislocation and the American Experience 81by Lillian Schlissel4.A Consonance of Towns 91by Richard Lingeman5.Urban America 105by Sam Bass Warner, Jr.6.Cultural Regions of America 121by Raymond D. GastilPART TWO 135 Expressions of American Culture1.American Manners 140by Neil Harris2.The Artlessness of American Culture 153by Dickran Tashjian3.A New Architecture, Y et Old 165by Leland M. Roth4.Literature and V alues: The American Crusoe and the Idea of the West 177by Richard Lehan5.Entertainment and the Mass Media 190by Norman Corwin6.Sports and American Culture 207by Richard G. Powers41.The author of the introduction is .[A]Neil Harris [B]Luther S. Luedtke[C]Raymond D. Gastil [D]Richard G. Powers42.If you are interested in the relationship between sports and the American cult are you should refer to pages .[A]207-220 [B]53-164[C]35-152 [D]165-17643.In the essay written by Norman Corwin, you probably will find information about American .[A]literature [B]geography[C]newspapers [D]landscapesPassage 2The effort to develop gene (基因) transplants as a treatment for hereditary (遗传的) diseases has taken another step forward.An American team has developed a highly efficient technique to carry out gene transplants in mice. Eventually, scientists hope to be able to use the technique in man to replace the defective genes responsible for diseases such as hemophilia and cystic fibrosis.The latest feat in the drive towards performing a gene transplant on man was reported by doctors Suzanne Mansour, Kirk Thomas and Mario Capecchi of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.“It is a breakthrough, producing a new approach to doing gene therapy,”said Dr Capecchi.Previous attempts at inserting new genes into the chromosome, the bady's genetic blueprint, have had only limited success.A British team has found a way to persuade a transplanted gene to work by the discovery of specialgenetic material that “switches on”the gene, wherever it is inserted in a cell's genetic material.But a misplaced gene may affect the operation of other genes, disrupting the operation of the cell and leading to cancer in rare cases.Now the Utah team has developed a procedure in which the cell self-destructs if a new gene is not properly inserted. Their transplant gene contains a toxic component that produces poison in the cell if the gene is misplaced.The gene transplant was successful for one in 20 cells. Thousands of cells had to be screened when other methods were carried out, said Dr Thomas.The transplants were carried out on mouse embryo (胚胎) stem cells, the progenitors (祖先) of a number of cells in mice.They can be used to identify the function of genes and create mice with human genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis to help research into cures.44.American scientists are now able to .[A]carry out gene transplants in man[B]carry out gene transplants in mice[C]replace the defective genes of man[D]cure the diseases such as hemophilia and cystic fibrosis45.The British team has found a way to transplant genes too. But it is not as good as the American way because .[A]the British team discovered the special genetic material[B]the British team discovered a way to persuade a transplanted gene to work[C]a misplaced gene may affect the operation of other genes[D]the British way is sure to lead to cancer46.The Utah team refers to .[A]the British team [B]the American team[C]Salt Lake City [D]something not mentioned47.The transplants were carried out to mouse embryo stem cells because they can be used to .[A]distinguish between mice and human beings[B]create human genetic disorders[C]identify cystic fibrosis[D]help researchPassage 3The 45 students in the first homeroom class of the ninth grade were all seated at their desks when the opening notes of the Brahms symphony roared from the loudspeaker at precisely 8∶30 a.m. Soon the violins faded, and a slow, synthesized pulse spread across the room, numbing the mindwith its smooth, hypnotic gait. The room was cold and slightly dank (潮湿的). No sun shone through the plate glass windows overlooking the balcony. The clouds, like the students, were still.In a moment, a soothing, resonant voice began to speak.“Good morning, boys and girls. Let's begin another wonderful day. Please close your eyes…”For ten minutes every morning the students at Sano Junior High sat in quiet meditation to prepare themselves for the day ahead. The principal, Sakamoto Sensei, had introduced this system, known as Method Training, several years earlier in order to quell the growing incidence of school “violence,”mainly minor scuffles and hair violations. The program consisted of a sequence of 25 tapes for total mental and physical conditioning. Each day a different tape was played…After ten minutes the music dissolved, the voice disappeared, and Mrs. Negishi-standing erect before the class-took control of the homeroom meeting.“Stand up,”she commanded, and the students rose to their feet.“Attention,”she said, and they dropped their arms to their thighs.“Bow.”It was 8∶42 in the morning.People who are born and grow up in different cultures act and think very differently from one another. Bruce Feiler, an American who taught school in Japan, was struck by the ways in which Japanese schools socialized their students to become adult members of Japanese society. Deep respect for authority, long hours of focused learning, appropriate modes of dress, even proper ways to bow-all of these were central aspects of Japanese education that would be virtually unthinkable in most American schools today. Japanese educational practices, in turn, reflect widely shared norms and values that are found in Japanese families, workplaces, and indeed throughout Japanese culture.48.The quiet meditation usually lasts for .[A]10minutes [B]15minutes[C]30minutes [D]42minutes49.The music used for total mental and physical conditioning is .[A]the same every day [B]out of date[C]different every day [D]popular among young people50.The main idea of the last paragraph is that .[A]Japanese educational practices reflect widely stared norms and values found throughout Japanese culture[B]the writer was struck by the ways in which Japanese schools socialized their students[C]people from different cultures act and think differently from one another[D]central aspects of Japanese education would be virtually unthinkable in most American。
全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试犯罪学(一)试题
全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试犯罪学(一)试题课程代码：00235第一部分选择题一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。
1.犯罪学这一概念的首次提出者是法国人类学家( )A.保罗·托皮纳尔B.贝卡利亚C.保罗·费尔巴哈D.加罗法洛2.犯罪学研究的出发点的基础是( )A.对犯罪现象的研究B.对犯罪原因的研究C.对犯罪对策的研究D.对犯罪矫治方法的研究3.犯罪学研究的具体方法有一个显著的特征，就是( )A.技术性B.客观性C.综合性D.复杂性4.在犯罪学研究中，研究者直接感知、记录研究对象的具体事实资料的方法是( )A.访谈法B.问卷法C.观察法D.临床诊断法5.逐渐形成一门独立学科的犯罪学脱胎于( )A.刑法学B.社会学C.统计学D.生物学6.提出“自由意志论”的犯罪原因观的是( )A.实证犯罪学派B.古典犯罪学派C.犯罪生物学派D.犯罪心理学派7.加罗法洛于《犯罪学》一书中提出了( )A.犯罪原因三元论B.天生犯罪人论C.自然犯罪概念D.犯罪饱和律8.菲利在其犯罪原因论的基础上推导出了著名的( )A.消长律B.犯罪饱和律C.辐射律D.起伏律9.当代犯罪学研究的特点之一是( )A.犯罪原因“单元论”成为主流B.广义犯罪学成为主流C.注重犯罪的单向研究D.犯罪社会学研究思路复兴10.心理分析法主要用于( )A.研究犯罪动态B.研究犯罪工具C.研究犯罪构成D.解释犯罪原因11.犯罪既危害了统治阶级的利益，同时又危害了公共利益，表明了犯罪具有( )A.阶级性B.相对性C.社会性D.动态性12.已经发生并被发现由于种种原因而未举报或举报了未予统计的犯罪数是( )A.犯罪率B.相对暗数C.绝对暗数D.明数13.与犯罪人初犯年龄密切相关的是( )A.性别B.犯罪类型C.再犯的可能性D.文化程度14.在犯罪学的初创时期，犯罪学家对犯罪人进行分类，其目的是( )第 1 页A.研究犯罪预防B.研究犯罪现象C.研究犯罪原因D.促进犯罪学学科发展15.在建国初期已基本绝迹或发案极少而80年代后又死灰复燃的犯罪是( )A.杀人B.制贩毒品C.抢劫D.抢夺16.改革开放后，我国盗窃案显著特点是( )A.作案目标进一步缩小B.集群犯罪严重C.连续犯罪减少D.重大案件迅速下降17.建国后，我国第三次刑事犯罪高峰发生于( )A.50年代初B.60年代初C.“文革”期间D.改革开放后18.社会学家和犯罪学家多用亚文化理论解释( )A.男性犯罪的成因B.女性犯罪的成因C.有色人种犯罪的成因D.青少年和中下层人犯罪的成因19.研究犯罪原因可以为犯罪人的( )A.改造与矫治提供充分依据B.生活提供出路C.生产提供条件D.安全提供保障20.个体犯罪的可能性取决于内外两个控制系统的强度同犯罪诱因之间的( )A.力量等同关系B.力量平行关系C.力量对比关系D.力量对等关系21.经济转型过程中犯罪的增长，往往是通过诸多( )A.直接原因B.间接原因C.相关因素D.中介环节22.失业使失业者不能承担正常的( )A.法律义务B.社会责任C.社会道义D.社会角色23.犯罪的个体原因外化的结果就是( )A.犯罪行为B.犯罪动机C.犯罪结果D.犯罪条件24.被犯罪分子运用而作用于犯罪对象的一切物品和媒体被称为( )A.犯罪条件B.犯罪空间C.犯罪工具D.犯罪时间25.涉及到犯罪分子犯罪时的时空、工具、对象因素的是( )A.犯罪原因B.犯罪根据C.犯罪条件D.犯罪的相关因素26.被害人由于自己的弱点落入犯罪人手中以致在受到侵害时不反抗，使犯罪易顺利实施，这是犯罪的( )A.易感性B.诱发性C.受容性D.无意识性27.综合性犯罪预测、多项犯罪预测和单项犯罪预测分类所根据的标准是( )A.犯罪预测的内容B.犯罪预测的性质C.犯罪预测的条件D.犯罪预测的方式28.维护社会治安的专门机关是( )A.社会治安综合治理委员会B.各级政府C.各级党委D.政法部门29.以下措施不属于我国犯罪防控系统第二道防线的是( )A.限制犯罪工具和手段B.倡导主文化、遏制反文化C.贵重物品标刻D.建立人力防控系统第 2 页30.之所以说费尔巴哈的“心理强制说”促进了欧洲18世纪的刑法改革是因为这一理论主要着眼于( )A.刑罚报应B.社会防卫C.保安处分D.预防犯罪二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)在每小题列出的五个选项中有二至五个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。
2002年4月自考英语二试题及答案
2002年4月自考英语（二）试卷PART ONE第一部分选择题（共50分）Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将选项号填在答题纸的相应位置上。
1.Studies have shown _______ teenagers often suffer form depression.A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. in that2.The party has failed to ______ the majority of voters that it is capable of governing the country.A. trustB. creditC. convinceD. believe3._____ driving around all day looking for somewhere to park, why don't you take a bus to town?A. In spite ofB. Rather thanC. In place ofD. Other than4.The kids are _______ be hungry when they get home—they always are.A. obliged toB. bound toC. desired toD. motivated to5.All the characteristics that distinguish birds ____ other animals can be traced to prehistoric times.A. toB. betweenC. forD. from6.When the city was _______, everyone knew that total defeat was certain.A. cut offB. cut downC. cut acrossD. cut out7.If we _______ everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.A. hadn't gotB. didn't getC. wouldn't have gotD. wouldn’t get8.In his composition there were no other errors _______ a few misspelled words.A. besideB. exceptC. thenD. than9.In deciding ___ a course of action, the candidates tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters.A. what to pursueB. which to pursueC. whether to pursueD. if to pursue10.Since we have a focused subject, we should not talk _______.A. at onceB. at handC. at intervalsD. at randomⅡ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
2002年4月全国自考离散数学试题试卷真题及答案
全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试离散数学试题一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。
1.一个连通的无向图G，如果它的所有结点的度数都是偶数，那么它具有一条( B )A.汉密尔顿回路B.欧拉回路C.汉密尔顿通路D.初级回路2.设G是连通简单平面图，G中有11个顶点5个面，则G中的边是( D )A.10B.12C.16D.143.在布尔代数L中，表达式(a∧b)∨(a∧b∧c)∨(b∧c)的等价式是( A )A.b∧(a∨c)B.(a∧b)∨(a’∧b)C.(a∨b)∧(a∨b∨c)∧(b∨c)D.(b∨c)∧(a∨c)4.设i是虚数，·是复数乘法运算，则G=<{1,-1,i,-i},·>是群，下列是G的子群是( A )A.<{1},·>B.〈{-1},·〉C.〈{i},·〉D.〈{-i},·〉5.设Z为整数集，A为集合，A的幂集为P(A),+、-、/为数的加、减、除运算，∩为集合的交运算，下列系统中是代数系统的有( D )A.〈Z，+，/〉B.〈Z，/〉C.〈Z，-，/〉D.〈P(A)，∩〉6.下列各代数系统中不含有零元素的是( D )A.〈Q，*〉Q是全体有理数集，*是数的乘法运算B.〈Mn(R),*〉,Mn(R)是全体n阶实矩阵集合，*是矩阵乘法运算C.〈Z，〉，Z是整数集，定义为xxy=xy,x,y∈ZD.〈Z，+〉，Z是整数集，+是数的加法运算7.设A={1,2,3}，A上二元关系R的关系图如下：R具有的性质是( D )A.自反性B.对称性C.传递性D.反自反性8.设A={a,b,c}，A上二元关系R={〈a,a〉，〈b,b〉,〈a,c〉}，则关系R的对称闭包S(R)是( C )A.R∪I AB.RC.R∪{〈c,a〉}D.R∩I A9.设X={a,b,c},Ix是X上恒等关系，要使Ix∪{〈a,b〉，〈b,c〉，〈c,a〉，〈b,a〉}∪R为X上的等价关系，R应取( D )A.｛〈c,a〉，〈a,c〉｝B.{〈c,b〉，〈b,a〉}C.{〈c,a〉，〈b,a〉}D.{〈a,c〉，〈c,b〉}10.下列式子正确的是(B )A.∈B.C.{}D.{}∈11.设解释R如下：论域D为实数集，a=0,f(x,y)=x-y,A(x,y):x<y.下列公式在R下为真的是( A )A.( x)(y)(z)(A(x,y))→A(f(x,z),f(y,z))B.(x)A(f(a,x),a)C.(x)(y)（A(f(x,y),x))D.(x)(y)(A(x,y)→A(f(x,a),a))12.设B是不含变元x的公式，谓词公式(x)(A(x)→B)等价于( A )A.(x)A(x)→BB.(x)A(x)→BC.A(x)→BD.(x)A(x)→(x)B13.谓词公式(x)(P(x,y))→(z)Q(x,z)∧(y)R(x,y)中变元x( C )A.是自由变元但不是约束变元B.既不是自由变元又不是约束变元C.既是自由变元又是约束变元D.是约束变元但不是自由变元14.若P：他聪明；Q：他用功；则“他虽聪明，但不用功”，可符号化为( B )A.P∨QB.P∧┐QC.P→┐QD.P∨┐Q15.以下命题公式中，为永假式的是( C )A.p→(p∨q∨r)B.(p→┐p)→┐pC.┐(q→q)∧pD.┐(q∨┐p)→(p∧┐p)二、填空题(每空1分，共20分)16.在一棵根树中，仅有一个结点的入度为0 ，称为树根，其余结点的入度均为 1 。
全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试犯罪学（一）试题及答案2
16.改⾰开放后，我国盗窃案显著特点是( )A.作案⽬标进⼀步缩⼩B.集群犯罪严重C.连续犯罪减少D.重⼤案件迅速下降17.建国后，我国第三次刑事犯罪⾼峰发⽣于( )A.50年代初B.60年代初C.“*”期间D.改⾰开放后18.社会学家和犯罪学家多⽤亚⽂化理论解释( )A.男性犯罪的成因B.⼥性犯罪的成因C.有⾊⼈种犯罪的成因D.青少年和中下层⼈犯罪的成因19.研究犯罪原因可以为犯罪⼈的( )A.改造与矫治提供充分依据B.⽣活提供出路C.⽣产提供条件D.安全提供保障20.个体犯罪的可能性取决于内外两个控制系统的强度同犯罪诱因之间的( )A.⼒量等同关系B.⼒量平⾏关系C.⼒量对⽐关系D.⼒量对等关系21.经济转型过程中犯罪的增长，往往是通过诸多( )A.直接原因B.间接原因C.相关因素D.中介环节22.失业使失业者不能承担正常的( )A.法律义务B.社会责任C.社会道义D.社会⾓⾊23.犯罪的个体原因外化的结果就是( )A.犯罪⾏为B.犯罪动机C.犯罪结果D.犯罪条件24.被犯罪分⼦运⽤⽽作⽤于犯罪对象的⼀切物品和媒体被称为( )A.犯罪条件B.犯罪空间C.犯罪⼯具D.犯罪时间25.涉及到犯罪分⼦犯罪时的时空、⼯具、对象因素的是( )A.犯罪原因B.犯罪根据C.犯罪条件D.犯罪的相关因素26.被害⼈由于⾃⼰的弱点落⼊犯罪⼈⼿中以致在受到侵害时不反抗，使犯罪易顺利实施，这是犯罪的( )A.易感性B.诱发性C.受容性D.⽆意识性27.综合性犯罪预测、多项犯罪预测和单项犯罪预测分类所根据的标准是( )A.犯罪预测的内容B.犯罪预测的性质C.犯罪预测的条件D.犯罪预测的⽅式28.维护社会治安的专门机关是( )A.社会治安综合治理委员会B.各级政府C.各级党委D.政法部门29.以下措施不属于我国犯罪防控系统第⼆道防线的是( )A.限制犯罪⼯具和⼿段B.倡导主⽂化、遏制反⽂化C.贵重物品标刻D.建⽴⼈⼒防控系统30.之所以说费尔巴哈的“⼼理强制说”促进了欧洲18世纪的刑法改⾰是因为这⼀理论主要着眼于( )A.刑罚报应B.社会防卫C.保安处分D.预防犯罪。
2002年4月建筑工程概论试题及答案
2002年4月建筑工程概论试题及答案作者：佚名文章来源：本站原创点击数：645 更新时间：2005-5-20 收藏本页自考--------------------------------------------------------------------------------课程代码：00174第一部分选择题一、单项选择题(在每小题的备选答案中选出一正确的答案，并将正确答案的号码填在题干的括号内。
每小题1分，共30分)1.厂区建筑占地系数是指( )A.建筑物占地面积与厂区占地面积之比×100%B.建筑占地面积和道路广场面积与厂区占地面积之比×100%C.建筑物和构筑物占地面积与厂区占地面积之比×100%D.建筑占地面积、道路与广场面积、工程管网占地面积之和与厂区占地面积之比×100%2.在面积定额指标中，所谓户均使用面积是指( )A.有效总面积与总户数之比B.建筑总面积与总户数之比C.居住总面积与总户数之比D.使用总面积与总户数之比3.适用自落式搅拌机拌和的混凝土的坍落度不小于( )A. 20mmB. 30mmC. 40mmD. 50mm4.木模板宽度不宜大于( )A. 50mmB. 100mmC. 150mmD. 200mm5.使用人工挖孔扩孔桩，一般每次挖深以( )A. 0.5m为限B. 1.0m为限C. 2.0m为限D. 2.5m为限6.振动灌注桩中复振法的桩截面比沉管灌注桩扩大( )A. 30%左右B. 50%左右C. 60%左右D. 80%左右7.钢筋混凝土带形基础底下常用来做垫层的是( )A. C5或C7.5素混凝土B. C7.5或C10素混凝土C. C10或C12.5素混凝土D. C12.5或C15素混凝土8.当楼梯宽度超过多少时，应设中间扶手?A. 2.0mB. 2.2mC. 2.4mD. 2.6m9.预制钢筋混凝土槽形板的肋高为( )A. 100～200mmB. 120～220mmC. 150～250mmD. 150～300mm10.根据基础埋置深度的不同，深基础的埋深大于( )A. 2米B. 3米C. 4米D. 5米11.一般民用建筑中窗台的高度采用( )A. 700mmB. 800mmC. 900mmD. 1000mm12.工业建筑在功能上必须首先满足的要求是( )A.采光、通风B.防火C.交通D.生产工艺13.工业建筑占地面积是指( )A.建筑物占地面积B.构筑物占地面积C.露天堆场面积D.建筑物占地面积、构筑物占地面积以及露天堆场面积之和14.厂房的跨度在18m以下时，常采用的跨度有( )A. 6m、10m、15m、18mB. 9m、12m、15m、18mC. 6m、7.5m、15m、18mD. 4.5m、9m、13.5m、18m15.在棉纺厂建筑设计中，常采用北向锯齿形天窗，其主要作用是( )A.保持室内温湿度稳定B.防止阳光直射C.美观需要D.标志性16.手术室、制图室房间窗地面积比通常为( )A. 1/2B. 1/3～1/5C. 1/4～1/6D. 1/6～1/1017.材料的软化系数在0～1之间波动，受水浸泡或处于潮湿环境的重要建筑物，所选材料的软化系数必须( )A.大于等于0.85B.大于等于0.65C.大于等于0.55D.大于等于0.7518.高合金钢中合金元素总含量( )A.大于1%B.大于2%C.大于5%D.大于10%19.阔叶木的横纹抗压强度为顺纹抗压强度的( )A. 5%～10%B. 40%C. 15%～20%D. 50%20.不掺混合材料的水泥称为( )A.硅酸盐水泥B.普通硅酸盐水泥C.Ⅰ型硅酸盐水泥D.Ⅱ型硅酸盐水泥21.安定性不合格的水泥，应该( )A.改为民用B.增大用量C.重新加工D.废弃22.砂浆用砂最大粒径应小于砂浆层厚度的( )A. 1/2B. 1/3C. 1/4～1/5D. 1/623.下面属于内墙涂料的是( )A.氯化橡胶B.苯-丙乳胶漆C.过氯乙烯D.环氧树脂24.粉煤灰砌块产品等级可分为( )A.一等品和合格品B.一级品、二级品、等外品C.合格品和等外品D.优级、合格、等外品25.建筑平面图上，建筑物外部尺寸的标注一般是( )A.一道B.二道C.三道D.四道26.建筑总平面图布置工程项目的基本依据是( )A.基础平面图B.地形图C.建筑设计图D.建筑施工图27.代号为W的构件是( )A.柱B.梁C.钢筋网D.钢筋骨架28.在我国，对应于绝对标高零点的是( )A.东海平均海平面B.南海平均海平面C.渤海平均海平面D.黄海平均海平面29.在定位轴线端部注写编号的圆的直径应为( )A. 6mmB. 7mmC. 8mmD. 9mm30.涉外工程图纸的图标内，各项主要内容应附有的译文是在中文的( )A.上方B.下方C.左方D.右方二、多项选择题(在每小题的备选答案中选出二个或二个以上正确的答案，并将正确答案的号码填在题干的括号内。
2002年俄语四级试题答案
Часть 1 АУДИРОВАНИЕА.1.а2.б3.в4.а5.вБ.6.а7.в8.б9. в 10.б11.б 12.в 13.в 14.а 15.вЧАСТЬ 2 ЧТЕНИЕ16.а 17.б 18.в 19.а 20.в21.б 22.а 23.а 24.в 25.а26.в 27.а 28.в 29.в 30.аЧАСТЬ 3 СЛОВА И ГРАММАТИКАА.31.в 32.а 33.б 34.а 35.в36.б 37.а 38.а 39.в 40.в41.а 42.б 43.а 44.б 45.б46.в 47.а 48. в 49.а 50.вБ.51. необходимо52. математическому образованию53. дают54. над математикой55. доказано56. решив57. основан58. большого числа59. в науку-математику60. глубжеЧАСТЬ 4 ПЕРЕВОД61．电脑与书不同，书只储存基本信息，而电脑能够积极地利用这些信息。
62．人类进入信息时代意味着，将要在信息和信息服务领域工作的居民人数在增加。
63．电脑带来的革命，改变着国家机关的功能和人类生活的方式。
64．这都需要认真地研究信息的本质和性质，需要创立信息加工和改革的新方法。
65．在以后实际上变成了改善社会经济发展物质基础的唯一源泉。
2002年大学俄语四级考试答案及详解一、听力理解(听力材料在最后）1. 答案а。
根据Моя мечта-стать чемпионом мира判断。
2. 答案б。
根据ехать в обратном направлении判断。
3. 答案в。
根据К этому, выходному判断。
4. 答案а。
根据Это мой брат Алѐша判断。
5. 答案в。
2002年4月全国高等教育自学考试互联网软件应用与开发试题答案
11. VBScript调用过程时使用的关键字是（ ）
A. Parameter B.Call
C.Dim D. Public
12.在表单的相关标记中，表示提供给用户一个可以复选的选项的标记为（ ）
A. INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX B. INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT
A.变量是计算机内存中已命名的存储位置
B.变量中存放数字或字符串等数据
C.变量包含的信息称为变量的值
D.在ASP中变量使用前必须声明
E.变量为用户提供了一种存储、检索和操作数据的途径
26.CGI的环境变量按意义分可以分为（ ）
A.阶段B.界标
C.测试点D.投入点
2.生成项目计划是在（ ）
A.建设和测试阶段B.设计阶段
C.投入使用阶段D.规划阶段
3.下列不属于Internet特点的是（ ）
A.安全性B.全球性
C.开放性D.平等性
38.速度、建立和维护、对用户保持跟踪、安全性。
39.（1）客户端的脚本语言（或答：javascript、VBScript）
（2）文档对象模型（或答：DOM，或：Document Object Model）
（3）层叠样式表（或答：Cascading style Sheets，或：CSS）
D. Active Server Pages只能使用一种脚本语言-VBScript
10.在ASP内建对象中，必须要有Lock和Unlock方法以确保多个用户无法同时改变某一属性的对象是（ ）
A. Response B. Session
C. Request D. Application
A. <%=%> B. Output< >
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2002年4月全国高教自考“英语（二）”真题PART ONEⅠ.V ocabulary and Structure (10 points, i point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将选项号填在答题纸的相应位置上。
1.Studies have shown _______ teenagers often suffer form depression.A.thatB.whichC.in whichD.in that2.The party has failed to _______ the majority of voters that it is capable of governing the country.A.trustB.creditC.convinceD.believe3._______ driving around all day looking for somewhere to park, why don't you take a bus to town?A.In spite ofB.Rather thanC.In palce ofD.Other than4.The kids are _______ be hungry when they get home—they always are.A. obliged toB. bound toC. desired toD. motivated to5.All the characteristics that distinguish birds _______ other animals can be traced to prehistoric times.A.toB.betweenC.forD.from6.When the city was _______, everyone knew that total defeat was certain.A.cut offB.cut downC.cut acrossD.cut out7.If we _______ everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.A.hadn't gotB. didn't getC.wouldn't have gotD. wouldn’t get8.In his composition there were no other errors _______ a few misspelled words.A.besideB.exceptC.thenD.than9.In deciding _______ a course of action, the candidates tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters.A.what to pursueB.which to pursueC.whether to pursueD.if to pursue10.Since we have a focused subject, we should not talk _______.A.at onceB.at handC.at intervalsD.at randomⅡ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并将选项号填在答题纸的相应位置上。
Economists believe that job earnings influence choice of occupation. They acknowledge that people place varying emphasis __1__income, but point out that workers tend to move from one occupation to another __2__changes in salaries. In 1931, H.F.Clark, an economist, stated that “proper information regarding wages if sufficiently __3__ upon people, will lead to correct choice of occupation and correct __4__ of people in an occupation, provided barriers to occupations have been removed.”This means that the supply and demand of workers have __5__to do with wages, __6__in turn influence people to choose certain careers.. However, all barriers to occupations will have to be removed __7__ career choices can be __8__ by economics alone. There is little question __9__economic factors have some influence on choice of an occupation. But to picture them as the major or most important reason __210__ against the soundest of folk wisdom:“Man does not live by bread alone.”1.A.in B.on C.into D.for2.A.despite B.other than C.through D.because of3.A.to impress B.to be impressed C.impress D.impressed4.A.number B.amount C.deal D.quantity5.A.many B.much C.lot D.nothing6.A.it B.that C.which D.where7.A.before B.after C.until D.when8.A.expected B.explained C.expressed D.exposed9.A.that B.which C.as D.when10.A.to go B.going C.goes D.goⅢ.Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 points for each item)从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并将选项号填在答题纸的相应位置上。
Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.“No man is an island,”wrote the poet John Donne several centuries ago. He was acknowledging one of our most distinctive characteristics: the fact that we are social animals whose behavior and personalities are shaped by the groups to which we belong.Throughout life, most of our daily activities are performed in the company of others. Whether our purpose is working, playing, raising a family, learning, or simply relaxing, we usually pursue it in groups, even if the group is as small as two or three people. Out need for human contacts is not merely a practical one; it is a deep psychological need as well. If people are deprived of the company of others for prolonged periods, mental breakdown is the usual result. Even the Geneva Convention(日内瓦公约)，an international agreement that regulates the treatment of prisoners of war, recognizes this need. It regards solitary(孤独的) imprisonment for more than thirty day as a cruel form of torture(折磨).In its strictest sense, a group is a collection of people interacting together in an orderly way on the basis of shared expectations about one another's behavior. As result of this interaction, members feel a common sense of“belonging.”They distinguish members from nonmembers and expect certain kinds of behavior from outsiders.1.By “No man is an island,”John Donne means _____.A.no one can live on an island aloneB.a man is not surrounded by sea on all sidesC.a man and an island are irrelevantD.no one can live in isolation from other people2.The fact that we work or even play in groups illustrates the point that ____.A.poeple are different from animalsB.Donne recognized the group to which he belongedC.human beings are social animalsD.human behavior and personalities are formed by others3.“Breakdown”as used in Line 6, Paragraph 2 most probably denotes ____.A.separationB.collapseC.analysisD.function4.According to the passage, what is NOT a characteristic of group?A.There are at least two people in it.B.The members share some common grounds.C.The members work for one purpose.D.The members interact regularly with each other.5.This passage is mainly about _______.A.the importance of human contactsB.pattens of human behaviorC.the importance of human activitiesD.patterns of human societyPassage TwoQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The word health can be used in a number of ways. In the past, health only the absence of disease or illness. Today, though, health has a broader meaning. Health is the state of your well-being that includes how you feel physically, mentally, and socially. Wellness is another term that describes this broader view of health. You can understand the need for a broader definition if you think about how health in your life is different from health in your grandparents' lives.In 1900, the main causes of death were diseases that were spread by bacteria(细菌) and viruses(病毒).If you had lived then, the danger of your dying from pneumonia(肺炎) would have been three times greater than the danger of your dying from cancer.The diseases that were most common in 1900 affected people of all ages. It is not surprising, then that around 1900, the emphasis of health was on freedom from illness. Today many of the diseases that were common in 1900 can be prevented or cured by improved medicines and methods of sanitation(卫生). Most diseases now are likely to occur later in life. You as a teenager will probably not have to think about the same threats to your health as your grandparents did.These improvements in health conditions mean that not only can you now enjoy a better life, but you also have a greater chance of having a longer life. Conrtolling diseases has increased the life expectancy in the United States. Grenerally, people born more recently have higher life expectancies. Since 1900, the life expectancy in the United States has increased by more than 27 years. It has increased from 47 years for those born in 1900 to 74 years 1981.1.According to Paragraph 1, health and wellness ______.A.can be used interchangeably on all occasionsB.are different in that the latter has a broader senseC.had the same meaning in the pastD.both refer to the state of your well-being2.Which of the following statements is true?A.Diseases caused by bacteria and viruses were incurable in 1900.B.Bacteria and viruses are the main causes of death today.C.Medicines for curing pneumonia were not available in 1900.D.Pneumonia caused as many deaths in 1900 as cancer does today.3.“Life expectancy”in the last paragraph most probably means ____.A.the kind of life that a person may expect to liveB.the mode of life that a group of people have livedC.the length of time that a person or an animal has livedD.the length of time that people may expect to live4.On an average, people in America who were born in 1900 ______.A.had a life-span of 74 yearsB.lived a shorter but better life than those born laterC.lived to 47 years of ageD.lived 27 years longer than those born in 19815.The intended readers of the passage are _______.A.teenagersB.the diseasedC.adultsD.aged peoplePassage ThreeQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Most Americans would have a difficult time telling you, specifically, what the values are which Americans live by. They have never given the matter any thought.Over the years I have introduced thousands of international visitors to life in the United States. This has caused me to try to lock at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors, I am confident that the values listed in this booklet describe most (but not all )Americans, and that understanding these values can help you, the international visitor, understand Americans.It is my belief that if foreign visitors really understand how deeply these 13 values are ingrained in Americans, they will then be able to understand 95% of American actions —actions which might otherwise appear “strange,”“confusing,”or “unbelievable”when evaluated from the perspective of the foreigner's own society and its values.The different behaviors of a people or a culture make sense only when seen through the basic beliefs, assumptions and values of that particular group. When you encounter and action, or hear a statement in the United States which surprises you, try to see it as an expression of one or more of the values listed in this booklet.1.Can an ordinary American tell you his/her value system?A.Yes, because this is something an American lives by.B.No, because everyone will have his/her own system.C.No, because he/she has never thought about it.D.Yes, because values are something often in their thought.2.The author lists 13 values in his booklet to _____.A.invite foreigners to visit AmericaB.look at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitorsC.describe the confusing actions of most AmericansD.help international visitors understand Americans3.The word “ingrained”in Line 2, Paragraph 3 most probably means _____.A.rooted in the mindsB.found in the grainsC.planted for foodD.prepared with grain4.Visitors sometimes fine Americans behave in a strange, confusing or unbelievable way, probably because _____.A.Americans are hard to understandB.Americans have values which are entirely different from their ownC.they view Americans according to the values in their own societyD.it is difficult to understand any people when you first encounter them35.How can you understand a surprising behavior or statement of an American when you visit the United States?A.By linking it to the basic beliefs, assumptions and values of the Americans.B.By comparing it with the values of yourself and your country.C.By expressing one or more of the values in this booklet.D.By looking at the particular group of people who behave or speak that way.PART TWOⅣ.Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items)将下列汉语单词译成英语。