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八下第三单元整体教学设计

八下第三单元整体教学设计

八下第三单元整体教学设计本文将围绕八年级下册第三单元的整体教学设计展开讨论。

本单元的主题为“探究地球运动的规律”,是地理课程中的重要内容,涉及到地球的自转、公转等运动规律。

通过本单元的学习,学生将了解地球的运动对日照、气候等方面的影响,培养学生的观察、分析和探究能力。

一、教学目标1. 知识与技能目标:(1)了解地球的自转和公转的基本概念;(2)掌握地球自转和公转的规律及其对地球的影响;(3)理解地球的倾斜轴和地球的地理分带现象;(4)能够分析地球运动对季节、气候的影响。

2. 情感态度价值观目标:(1)培养学生对地球的热爱和对自然规律的探究精神;(2)引导学生珍惜地球资源,关注环境保护问题;(3)培养学生的观察、分析和合作能力。

二、教学内容1. 地球的自转和公转;2. 地球的倾斜轴和地球的地理分带;3. 地球运动对季节、气候的影响。

三、教学过程设计1. 导入环节:通过展示地球的图片或视频,引导学生思考地球的运动方式,并提出问题,激发学生的学习兴趣。

2. 概念讲解:向学生介绍地球的自转、公转的概念,帮助学生理解地球的运动规律。

3. 实验探究:设计简单的实验,让学生通过实地操作观察地球的自转和公转规律,加深他们的理解。

4. 案例分析:通过案例分析,让学生了解地球的倾斜轴和地球的地理分带,引导学生理解地球的地理现象。

5. 合作探究:设计小组合作探究的任务,让学生分工合作,通过讨论和研究,深化对地球运动规律的理解。

6. 拓展延伸:引导学生进一步思考地球运动对季节、气候的影响,拓展他们的知识视野。

四、教学方法1. 启发式教学法:通过提出问题和展示图片等方式,引导学生主动探究地球的运动规律。

2. 实验探究法:设计简单的实验,让学生亲自操作,观察地球的运动规律,巩固所学知识。

3. 合作学习法:设计小组合作学习的任务,让学生分工合作,共同探究地球的运动规律。

4. 案例分析法:通过具体的案例,引导学生理解地球的倾斜轴和地球的地理分带的现象,加深他们的印象。

八年级下册英语第三单元的重点短语

八年级下册英语第三单元的重点短语

八年级下册英语第三单元的重点短语八年级下册英语课本中,有哪些重点的英语短语是你有可能遗漏的?下面是店铺给大家整理的八年级下册英语第三单元的重点短语,供大家参阅!八年级下册英语第三单元的重点短语11. do chores 做杂务2. do housework做家务3. do the dishes 洗餐具4. go out for dinner 出去吃饭5. stay out late 在外面待到很晚6. go to the movies 去看电影7. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾8. fold your/the clothes 叠衣服9. make your/the bed 整理床铺10. sweep the floor 扫地11. clean the living room 打扫客厅12. .get a ride 搭车13. work on 从事14. finish doing sth. 完成做某事15. pretty clean and tid y 相当干净整洁16. no problem 没问题17. welcome sb. 欢迎某人18. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步 c19. ome home from school/ work放学/下班回家20. throw down 扔下八年级下册英语第三单元的重点短语21. sit down 坐下2. two hours of TV两个小时的电视3. any minute 随时4. a few things 几件事5. see this mess看到这样不整洁6. be angry with sb.生某人的气7. answer the question回答问题8. solve the problem解决难题9. throw away 扔下10. come over(to) 过来,来访11. all the time 一直;总是12. reply angrily生气地回答13. help out around the house在家里帮忙14. walk away 走开15. all day/evening 整日/晚16. shout back 大声回应17. not …anything=nothing 没有什么18. share the housework 分担家务19. a comfortable home 一个舒适的家20. in surprise 惊讶地八年级下册英语第三单元的重点短语31. something to drink喝的东西2. as soon as 一….就….3. watch one show 观看一个节目4. try not to do…尽力不做…5. hang out with friends 与朋友闲逛6. get….wet 使…..弄湿7. neither of ….(两者)都不8. hate to do /doing sth. 讨厌做某事9. pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb. 把某物传给某人10. lend sb. sth.=lend sth.to sb. 把某物借给某人11. borrow sth.from sb.向某人借某物12. bring a tent带顶帐篷来13. help sb. (to ) d o /with sth.帮助某人干某事14. a camping trip 一次野营旅行15. buy some snacks买些小吃16. go to the store去商店17. invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会18. borrow some money借一些钱19. use your CD player用你的CD播放机ji20. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事。

(完整版)部编教材语文八年级下册第三单元文言文字词与句子翻译

(完整版)部编教材语文八年级下册第三单元文言文字词与句子翻译

部编八年级下册第三单元文言文翻译参考第9课《桃花源记》陶渊明1、晋太元中,武陵人捕鱼为业。

缘溪行,忘路之远近。

东晋太元年间,(有个)武陵人(以)捕鱼为职业。

(有一天)他顺着溪水(划船)走,忘记了路程的远近。

2、忽逢桃花林,夹岸数百步,中无杂树,芳草鲜美,落英缤纷。

(他)忽然遇到一片桃花林,(桃花林)夹着(溪水)两岸(长)几百步,中间没有别的树,花草鲜艳美丽,落花纷纷扬扬。

3、渔人甚异之。

复前行,欲穷其林。

渔人对此感到很惊异。

(他)继续往前走,想(走)尽这片桃花林。

4、林尽水源,便得一山,山有小口,仿佛若有光。

桃花林(在)溪水的发源地尽了,便出现一座山,山上有个小洞口,(里面)隐隐约约好像有些光亮。

5、便舍船,从口入。

初极狭,才通人。

复行数十步,豁然开朗。

(渔人)丢下小船,从洞口进去。

开始(洞口)很窄,只能通过(一个)人。

又走了几十步,突然变得开阔明亮了。

6、土地平旷,屋舍俨然,有良田美池桑竹之属。

(这里)土地平坦宽广,房屋整整齐齐,有肥沃的田地,美丽的池塘和桑树竹子之类(的植物)。

7、阡陌交通,鸡犬相闻。

田间小路交错相通,到处听到鸡和狗叫的声音。

8、其中往来种作,男女衣着,悉如外人。

那里面的(人们)来来往往耕田劳作,男女的穿戴完全像桃花源以外的人。

9、黄发垂髫,并怡然自乐。

老人和小孩都安闲愉快,自得其乐。

10、见渔人,乃大惊,问所从来。

具答之。

(村民)看见了渔人,就感到非常惊讶,问(渔人)是从哪里来的。

(渔人)都详细地回答他们。

11、便要还家,设酒杀鸡作食。

村中闻有此人,咸来问讯。

(村民)便邀请(渔人)回家,摆酒杀鸡做饭(来招待渔人)。

村里的人听说有这个人,全都来打听消息。

12、自云先世避秦时乱,率妻子邑人来此绝境,不复出焉,遂与外人间隔。

(村民)自己说先祖为了躲避秦朝时期的战乱,率领妻子儿女乡邻们来到这个与世隔绝的地方,不再出去,于是和外面的人隔绝(往来)。

13、问今是何世,乃不知有汉,无论魏晋。

八下第三单元英语单词

八下第三单元英语单词

八下第三单元英语单词(人教版八年级下册)1.rubbish[ˈrʌbɪʃ]n.垃圾,废物2.take out the rubbish倒垃圾3.fold[fəʊld]v.对折,折叠4.mess[mes]n.混乱,脏乱,食堂5.throw[θrəʊ]v.扔,投掷6.all the time频繁,反复7.neither[ˈni:ðə]pron.adv.二者都不;也不8.shirt[ʃə:t]n.运动衫,衬衫9.as soon as一…就…,尽快10.pass[pɑ:s]v.前行,经过,批准11.borrow['bɒrəʊ]v.借,借用12.lend[lend]v.借给,借出13.finger[ˈfiŋgə(r)]n.手指14.hate[heɪt]v.憎恶,讨厌15.chore[tʃɔ:(r)]n.杂务,乏味的工作16.while[wail]conj.当...时候,而,然而17.snack[snæk]n.小吃,点心,快餐18.stress[stres]n.精神压力,心理负担19.waste[weɪst]v.浪费,消耗20.in order to目的是,为了21.provide[prə\\\\'vaid]v.提供,供给,供应22.anyway[ˈeniwei]adv.无论如何,不管怎样,而且23.depend[diˈpend]v.取决于,依靠,依赖24.depend on依靠于25.develop[dɪˈveləp]v.发展,壮大,开发,研制26.independent[ˌindiˈpendənt]adj.独立自主的,不受约束的27.independence[ˌɪndɪ'pendəns]n.独立28.fair[fɛə]adj.公平的,公正的29.unfair[ˌʌnˈfeə]adj.不公平的,有偏见的30.fairness[ˈfeənɪs]n.公正性,合理性31.since[sɪns]conj.因为,既然32.neighbor[ˈneɪbə]n.邻居33.take care of照顾,处理34.ill[il]adj.生病的,有病的35.drop[drɔp]v.落下,跌落1.go out for dinner出去吃饭2.stay out late在外面待到很晚3.go to the movies去看电影4.get a ride搭车5.work on从事6.finish doing sth.完成做某事7.clean and tidy干净整洁的8.do the dishes洗餐具9.take out the rubbish倒垃圾10.fold your/the clothes叠衣服11.sweep the floor扫地12.make your/the bed整理床铺13.clean the livng room打扫客厅14.no problem没问题15.welcome sb.欢迎某人e home from school/work放学/下班回家17.throw down扔下18.sit down坐下e over过来20.take sb.for a walk带某人去散步21.all the time一直;总是22.all day/evening整曰/夜23.do housework做家务24.shout back大声回应25.walk away走开26.share the housework分担家务27.a comfortable home一个舒适的家28.in surprise惊讶地29.get something to drink拿点喝的东西30.watch one show观看一个节目31.hang out闲逛32.pass sb.sth.把某物传给某人33.lend sb.sth.把某物借给某人34.get sth.wet使某物弄湿35.hate to do sth.讨厌做某事36.do chores做杂务37.help sb.(to)d o/with sth•帮助某人干某事38.bring a tent带顶帐篷来39.buy some snacks买些小吃40.go to the store去商店41.invite sb.to a party邀请某人参加聚会42.make sb.do sth.使某人做某事43.enough stress足够的压力44.a waste of time浪费时间45.in order to为了46.get good grades取得好成绩47.mind doing sth.介意做某事48.depend on依赖;依靠49.develop children's independence发展孩子的独立性50.look after/take care of照顾;照看51.do one's part in(doing)sth.做某人分内的事1.Could you please clean your room?你能打扫一下你的房间吗?2.I have to do some work.我必须干些活。

八下英语第三单元知识梳理

八下英语第三单元知识梳理

八下英语第三单元知识梳理一、单元核心知识点概述八下英语第三单元主要以日常交流为主题,涉及日常生活中的一些场景,如学校、家庭、购物等。

本单元的重点内容包括日常用语、词汇、短语和语法结构等。

通过本单元的学习,学生将能够更好地应对日常生活中的英语交流,提高口语表达能力。

二、重点词汇与短语1.新词汇:例如,recognize(认出),conversation(对话),pronunciation(发音)等。

2.实用短语:如,What"s the matter?(什么事?),How do you spell it?(怎么拼写?),Could you repeat that please?(请再说一遍?)等。

三、语法解析本单元的语法重点是现在进行时和一般现在时的用法。

现在进行时用于表示现在正在进行的动作,如:I"m listening to music.(我正在听音乐。

)一般现在时用于描述经常发生的动作或事实,如:She studies English everyday.(她每天都学习英语。

)四、实用对话与句型1.对话:例如,A: What"s your favorite color? B: My favorite color is blue.2.句型:如,How do you spell "champion"?(“冠军”怎么拼写?),I have a headache.(我头疼。

)五、练习与测试建议1.针对词汇和短语,可以通过制作单词卡片、和朋友一起练习口语等方式进行巩固。

2.对于语法知识,可以通过编写句子、翻译句子等方式进行练习。

3.本单元的实用对话和句型可以在日常生活中尝试使用,提高自己的英语实际应用能力。

总之,八下英语第三单元的学习重点在于日常英语交流能力的提升。

通过掌握本单元的核心知识点,学生们将能够在日常生活和学习中更加自信地运用英语。

八下英语第三单元笔记

八下英语第三单元笔记

八下英语第三单元笔记英语作为一门国际语言,越来越受到人们的重视。

在学习英语的过程中,单元笔记是非常重要的学习工具。

本文将为大家介绍八下英语第三单元笔记。

一、单元目标1.掌握表示时间的词汇及时间的表达方式。

2.学会询问和回答时间的方式。

3.学会描述日常生活中的活动。

4.学会谈论日常生活中的规划和安排。

二、重点词汇1.时间:time2.钟表:clock3.日历:calendar4.小时:hour5.分钟:minute6.秒:second7.上午:morning8.下午:afternoon9.晚上:evening10.凌晨:midnight11.早上好:Good morning12.下午好:Good afternoon13.晚上好:Good evening14.昨天:yesterday15.今天:today16.明天:tomorrow三、语法要点1.表示时间的基本语法结构:时间+动词例如:What time do you get up?I get up at 7:00.2.表示时间的特殊语法结构:动词+时间例如:I have lunch at 12:00.3.使用介词表示时间:at表示具体时间点,例如:at 8:00in表示一段时间,例如:in the morning on表示特定日期,例如:on Monday四、对话模板1.询问时间A: Excuse me, what time is it?B: It's 3:30.2.回答时间A: What time is it?B: It's 6:45.3.询问活动时间A: What time do you have breakfast? B: I have breakfast at 7:00.4.回答活动时间A: What time do you have lunch?B: I have lunch at 12:00.五、常用句型1.时间的表达方式What time is it?It's 8 o'clock.2.询问活动时间What time do you have breakfast?I have breakfast at 7:00.3.描述活动的时间I have lunch at 12:00.4.谈论日常生活安排What are you going to do tomorrow? I'm going to visit my grandparents.六、学习建议1.掌握时间的表达方式。

八年级下册英语作文第三单元范文人教版

八年级下册英语作文第三单元范文人教版全文共6篇示例,供读者参考篇1My Super Cool Summer VacationWow, you'll never guess what I did this summer! It was the best vacation ever. I had such an awesome time and I can't wait to tell you all about it.It all started on the last day of school. I was so excited because my parents promised to take me somewhere really fun for our summer trip. They wouldn't tell me where though, it was going to be a total surprise! I spent weeks trying to guess. Disney World? The beach? Nope, even better!Finally the day came to go on our trip. We woke up super early and my dad said to pack a warm coat. A warm coat?! Where were we going? I was confused but did what he said. After a long drive, we pulled up to the airport! I'd never been on a plane before. This was going to be epic.The flight felt like it took forever, but I didn't mind because I had my portable gaming system to keep me busy. I beat all myhigh scores and was a little sad when the pilot announced we'd be landing soon. Landing where though?We got off the plane and headed outside. That's when I saw the most beautiful sight ever - snow-capped mountains! We were in Switzerland, one of the smallest countries in Europe. My mind was blown.Our first stop was the village of Zermatt, home to the famous Matterhorn mountain. We took a shuttle train up into the Alps and I couldn't believe how pretty everything was. The trees, the streams, the massive rocky peaks. It looked like a scene from a storybook.In Zermatt, we went hiking on some trails and rode little ski lift gondolas up the mountain slopes. At the top, we could see forever! The views were breathtaking. We had a picnic of Swiss cheese, chocolate and fresh baked bread. It was delicious fuel to get us ready for our next adventure.The next couple days, we visited different mountain towns and rode all kinds of crazy Swiss transportation. We took trains through tunnels inside the actual mountains. We rode sky-high cable cars over huge valleys. And we jumped on old-fashioned steam locomotive trains that picked us up from in the middle of nowhere! Each transit was more fun than the last.In the city of Lucerne, we went for a cruise on Lake Lucerne and saw a famous chapel built into the cliffs. We walked across covered medieval bridges and I pretended I was a knight guarding the city. Mom and dad just laughed at my goofy games.Another day we visited this awesome park called Swiss Miniature. It had tiny model versions of all the famous buildings and landmarks in Switzerland. There were little working trains too! It was like the whole country shrank into this beautiful little village. I loved checking out all the teeny details.One town we went to, called Engelberg, is known for having outstanding cheese. We toured a real cheese factory and I got to see exactly how they make those big wheels of Swiss cheese with the holes. The best part was getting free samples at the end!In between visiting cities, we also spent time up in the mountain meadows. We hiked across bright green fields full of wildflowers and ran around exploring old wood cabins and barns made in the traditional Swiss style. Once we even stumbled across an alpine lake and went swimming in the frigid water! It was a total adrenaline rush.One super cool experience was visiting a suspension bridge hanging hundreds of feet above a canyon floor. Walking acrossthe open metal grate was a little scary at first, but once I got going it was a total thrill. The bridge swayed slightly from side to side and I could see straight down through the slats to the valley far below. So amazing!Towards the end of our trip, we spent a couple nights at an actual working dairy farm way up in the hills. We got to help out with chores, feeding the goats and cows and chickens. In the evenings we'd help milk the animals, collect the fresh eggs, and make homemade cheese and butter. It was awesome getting to live like real Swiss mountain farmers for a few days.On our very last day in Switzerland, we went to the top of one of the tallest mountains called Mount Titlis. To get there we took a series of giant rotating cable cars suspended high off the mountainside. The views just kept getting better and better the higher we climbed.At the peak of Mount Titlis, the landscape was unreal. Bright white glaciers surrounded us in every direction. The brilliant sun reflecting off the ice fields almost blinded me. And there was snow everywhere, even though it was summer! We got to go out hiking on the glacier itself, with these amazing crampons strapped to our boots for traction on the slippery ice. I've neverexperienced anything as cool as walking on an actual glacier before.Sadly, our Switzerland adventure had to end eventually. I was really sad to leave, but also so grateful to my parents for taking me on such an epic trip. We made memories I'll never forget - exploring the stunning Swiss Alps, riding on篇2My Awesome Summer Vacation!Hi everyone! I'm gonna tell you all about my totally awesome summer vacation. It was the best summer ever! I went to so many fun places and did a bunch of really cool stuff. Get ready for an amazing story!First up, my family and I went on a huge road trip across the country. We drove all the way from our home in Beijing to the beautiful city of Guangzhou way down in the south. The drive took forever, like three whole days! But it was still really fun.We stopped at so many neat little towns and villages along the way. I got to see cows and horses and all kinds of farm animals up close. One time, we even saw this massive herd of sheep crossing the highway! My little brother got so excited andmade us pull over so he could go pet them. The shepherd smiled and let us feed the woolly sheep some grass. That was pretty neat.When we finally made it to Guangzhou, we stayed in this gigantic hotel that had the biggest pool I've ever seen. It was like the size of a lake! I spent almost every day splashing around and having swimming races with my brother. Once, I even jumped off the super high dive (don't tell my mom!). We also went exploring all around the city.We visited ancient temples with these humongous Buddha statues that towered over us. We walked down twisty alleyways lined with shops selling yummy street food like skewers, dumplings, and candied fruit. Everything smelled so good, my tummy was growling the whole time! I tried stinky tofu for the first time and it wasn't bad at all, just really strong smelling.My favorite part was when we took a boat tour along the Pearl River. The city skyline was all lit up at night and it looked so magical, like a fairytale kingdom. I spotted the Canton Tower, which is one of the tallest towers in the world! Our tour guide told us it's over 600 meters high. That's like a billion feet! I can't even imagine being way up that high.After a week or so in Guangzhou, we drove up to visit my grandparents in a small village outside of Guilin. That's where my dad grew up. It's nothing like Beijing at all – just a tiny little place surrounded by awesome karst mountains and rivers.At my grandparents' house, I got to run around outside all day and explore the countryside. I climbed trees, caught frogs and butterflies, and swam in the little creek behind their house. The water was freezing cold but it felt amazing on those blasting hot summer days. Sometimes my grandpa would take me fishing with him down at the big lake. I never caught anything, but he sure did!In the evenings, all the old ladies in the village would sit outside and chat while fanning themselves. My grandma taught me some cool jump rope rhymes and special handclap games that all the village kids play. I picked them up pretty fast and even showed some to my new friends over there. We'd play outside until way after dark, chasing fireflies and looking at the great big starry sky. I saw a million shooting stars!Man, those were good times. I miss that little village already. My grandparents kept trying to stuff me with all this delicious homemade food too. My grandma's dumplings were out of this world! She'd make different fillings every day – pork, vegetables,even sweet red bean paste. I think I ate like a bajillion of those things. No wonder I came back a little plumper!The very last stop of our trip was Beijing's brand new Universal Studios theme park. Ah man, that place was insane! We went on every single ride, even the extreme crazy ones that looked terrifying. My hands were shaking before each coaster, but I still went for it like a brave little dude. Those rides were so intense – loopy loops, super high drops, crazy corkscrews. My stomach felt like it was getting tossed around a blender! Still, it was a total adrenaline rush and I loved every second.We stayed at the park until they kicked us out after closing. I'm talking like 10pm at night! I was completely exhausted but still grinning from ear to ear. I just had suuuuch an awesome time. That theme park was a perfect way to wrap up my magical summer adventures.Whew, I'm all tuckered out just reminiscing about those great two months! I could keep rambling about it forever, but I'll stop here. Hopefully you guys enjoyed hearing about my crazy summer as much as I enjoyed living it. I'm already counting down the days until next year's vacation! Let the adventure continue!篇3My Superhero DadHi there, guys and girls! Today I'm going to tell you all about my awesome dad. He's not just any regular dad, oh no! He's a real-life superhero, and I'm not even kidding!Let me start from the beginning. My dad's name is Mark, and he works as a firefighter. You know, those brave people who rush into burning buildings to save people and put out fires? Yep, that's my dad! He's been a firefighter for as long as I can remember, and I've always thought his job was the coolest thing ever.I remember when I was little, and Dad would come home after a long shift. He'd scoop me up in his big, strong arms, and I'd bury my face in his jacket, inhaling the smoky scent that clung to him. It wasn't a bad smell, though. To me, it smelled like courage and heroism.Dad would tell me all about the fires he'd fought that day, and the people he'd helped. His eyes would light up as he described how he and his crew had worked together, braving the flames and smoke to rescue people from danger. I'd listen with my mouth hanging open, completely in awe of my dad and his incredible bravery.But being a firefighter isn't just about fighting fires, you know. Dad and his crew also respond to all sorts of other emergencies, like car accidents, collapsed buildings, and even people stuck in elevators or trapped in tight spaces. No matter what the situation, Dad is always there to help, putting his life on the line to save others.One time, when I was about seven years old, Dad came home with a bandage wrapped around his arm. I was so worried, but he just smiled and ruffled my hair. "It's nothing, kiddo," he said. "Just a little burn from a fire today. No big deal." But to me, it was a big deal. My dad had gotten hurt while doing his job, while being a hero.From that day on, I knew that I wanted to be just like my dad when I grew up. I wanted to be brave and selfless, always ready to help others no matter what. Dad is my role model, my inspiration, and my superhero.Of course, being a firefighter isn't all action and adventure. Dad has to go through a lot of training and drills to make sure he's always prepared for whatever emergency might come his way. He has to stay in top physical shape, too, so he can carry all that heavy equipment and climb ladders and stairs with ease.But even when he's not out on a call, Dad is still a hero to me. He's the one who taught me how to ride a bike, how to throw a baseball, and how to tie my shoelaces. He's the one who reads me bedtime stories and tucks me in at night, making sure I feel safe and loved.And whenever I have a problem or a worry, Dad is always there to listen and offer advice. He's the wisest person I know, and I trust him completely.I know that being a firefighter is a dangerous job, and sometimes I worry about Dad getting hurt. But he always reminds me that he's doing what he loves, and that helping people is worth the risk. "As long as I can make a difference in someone's life," he says, "it's all worth it."So there you have it, folks. My dad is a real-life superhero, and I couldn't be prouder of him. He's brave, strong, kind, and always ready to help those in need. He's my hero, my role model, and my best friend.And you know what? Even though he might not wear a cape or have any super powers, my dad is still the most amazing superhero I know.篇4A Trip to the Science MuseumHey guys! I'm so excited to tell you all about the awesome field trip our class took to the science museum last week. It was the coolest thing ever!We loaded up on the big yellow school bus early in the morning. I was bouncing up and down in my seat because I was so pumped to go. The science museum is in the big city, so we had about an hour-long drive to get there. A bunch of us were chatting and laughing the whole way. Timmy even busted out some crazy jokes that had us all cracking up.When we finally arrived, I just stood there for a few minutes staring up at the huge museum building. It looked like a massive rocket ship! I couldn't wait to head inside and start exploring.The first exhibit we went to was all about space exploration. There were real rockets and satellites and space suits on display. We even got to experience what it feels like to walk on the moon! They had this special room with a bouncy floor that simulated the moon's lower gravity. We were jumping around like kangaroos and doing flips and somersaults. The teacher had to chase us down and reign us in before we got too carried away.Next up was the robotics section, which was justmind-blowing. They had all these incredibly advanced robots that could do things like solve complex math problems, play musical instruments, and even dance! The dancing robot put on a whole show for us, busting moves that would put any bboy to shame. I tried my best to learn the robot dance moves so I could show them off at recess.But I think my favorite part was the hands-on science lab area. We got to do all kinds of wild experiments and activities. I made a mini erupting volcano, built a basic electrical circuit, extracted DNA from a strawberry, and more! We were like mad scientists, running around from station to station.At the chemistry station, I even got to make my very own slime. They provided all the ingredients and let us mix up whatever crazy slime concoctions we wanted. I made atriple-decker slime with three different colors all smushed together. It was so glorpy and gooey and just a total blast to play with.After a couple of hours getting our mind blown by science, we all met up for a picnic lunch in the museum courtyard. I devoured my PB&J and apple sauce in about two minutes because I was so hungry from running around.With re-energized bellies, we headed to the final exhibit - an amazing 3D movie experience about the human body. We got to shrink down and take a virtual tour through the circulatory system, digestive system, and even the brain! Seeing all those bodily functions up close in 3D was super trippy. I don't think I'll ever look at my body the same way again.By the time we got back on the bus to head home, we were all completely exhausted. I could barely keep my eyes open on the ride back. But it didn't matter because I was just so happy and my brain was overflowing with all the incredible science knowledge and experiences from the day.A huge thank you to our awesome teacher for taking us on that epic field trip! I'll never forget the amazingness of the science museum. You better believe I'll be begging my parents to take me back there soon because one visit is just not enough. I want to become a scientist when I grow up so I can spend every day uncovering the mysteries of this wild universe we live in. Science rocks!篇5My Awesome Summer VacationSummer vacation is the best time of the year! No school, no homework, and lots of time to have fun with my family and friends. This summer was extra special because we went on an amazing trip to the beach. Let me tell you all about it!We left bright and early one Friday morning. My little brother and I could barely contain our excitement as we loaded up the car with our suitcases, beach toys, and plenty of snacks for the road. "Are we there yet? Are we there yet?" we kept asking my parents over and over again. After what felt like forever, we finally arrived at the beach town. The second we stepped out of the car, we could smell the salty sea air and hear the distant sound of waves crashing against the shore. "Last one to the ocean is a rotten egg!" I shouted as my brother and I raced towards the beach, leaving our parents behind with all the heavy bags.The beach was incredible – nothing but endless golden sand dotted with colorful umbrellas and towels as far as the eye could see. We quickly claimed a spot, set up our gear, and ran straight into the refreshingly cool water. We spent hours splashing around, boogie boarding, and burying each other in the sand. Every time a big wave came, my brother and I would squeal with delight as it crashed over us. In the afternoons, we enjoyedbuilding amazing sandcastles fit for a king and queen. One day, we even found a few dried-up starfish and some pretty seashells along the shoreline.When we got tired of playing in the ocean, there were so many other fun things to do nearby. Our favorite was the awesome boardwalk with its bright lights, carnival games, and gigantic Ferris wheel. We went there almost every night to play games, eat delicious junk food like hot dogs, cotton candy, and ice cream, and ride the scream-inducing roller coasters. Sometimes, we would take a break from all the action and head over to the pier to watch fishermen trying their luck at catching the evening's dinner.Another day, we visited a nearby aquarium that was full of all kinds of marine life – everything from tiny, colorful clownfish to huge sharks! We even got to touch a velvety ray and see sharks being fed right in front of our eyes. My brother was a little scared at first, but I thought it was the coolest thing ever. We also learned about efforts to protect sea turtles and other endangered ocean creatures. After leaving the aquarium, we stopped at a restaurant right on the beach to enjoy a fresh seafood dinner as we watched a beautiful sunset over the sparkling waves.On our final day at the beach, my family and I rented a little boat and went out into the open ocean. We saw pods of dolphins gracefully swimming alongside our boat, putting on an amazing show by jumping and splashing through the waves. My dad even let me and my brother take turns steering the boat –we felt like real captains! As we headed back to shore, we spotted a flock of brown pelicans gliding effortlessly above the water's surface. It was such an incredible experience being out on the big blue sea.All too soon, our amazing beach vacation came to an end. My brother and I were so sad to leave, but we made a ton of wonderful memories that we'll never forget. We can't wait to go back to the beach again next summer for more fun in the sun and surf. Until then, we'll just have to dream about building bigger and better sandcastles!篇6My Awesome Summer VacationYay, it was finally summer vacation! No more school, no more homework, just playing and having fun all day long. This summer was going to be the best ever!The first week of vacation, my family went on a big trip to Beijing. We rode on the super fast bullet train to get there. It took us hardly any time at all compared to driving! Beijing is the capital city of China and it's huge, with so many people and cars and buildings. It kind of made my head spin at first.Our first stop was the Forbidden City. That's where the emperors of ancient China lived with their families and workers. It's a massive palace made of wood and stone, with pretty gardens and powerful wall defenses. I couldn't believe how big it was! We spent almost a whole day just walking around part of it. My feet were really tired by the end.Next we visited Tiananmen Square. It's this gigantic open area right next to the Forbidden City where people gather. There were tons of Chinese flags waving in the wind and soldiers marching around. We took a picture of our whole family in the square with the giant portrait of Mao Zedong in the background. That was a fun photo op!The best part though was going to see the Great Wall of China. We drove out into the countryside to a quieter section of the wall called Mutianyu. I was amazed at how ancient yet massive the wall is - it just winds up and down across the mountains as far as you can see! We hiked along the top for afew hours, stopping to catch our breath and take pictures of the incredible views. It was tiring but totally worth it. The Great Wall is definitely one of the most amazing things I've ever seen.After Beijing, we headed down to the city of Xi'an to see the Terracotta Warriors. These are life-sized clay statues of soldiers, horses, and chariots that were buried underground for over2,000 years! Each warrior statue is unique, with different facial features and everything. It's mind-blowing that they were able to make so many intricate statues way back then. I felt like I had stepped into an ancient battlefield.On the way back home, we stopped in the city of Luoyang. They have these incredible Buddhist caves and temples carved right into the sides of a huge sandstone mountain. The biggest one has a 17-meter tall Buddha statue inside! We went into some of the caves and tunnels, and everywhere you looked there were incredibly detailed carvings and paintings covering the walls and ceilings. It was like an underground museum of Buddhist art. So cool!When we finally made it back to our city, I had a week or two of downtime at home before summer camp started. That was the best part of the summer for me. I went to a day camp at the local sports center, and every day we got to do different activities andgames. One day we played basketball and dodge ball, the next day was swimming, then after that we went roller skating. We also did fun crafts like making potholders on a loom and painting ceramic figurines.My favorite field trip from camp was when we went to the amusement park in the big city nearby. I'm not usually a big fan of roller coasters because they make me feel sick. But I surprised myself and managed to ride the mega coaster that goes upside down like 5 times! It was simultaneously terrifying and exhilarating. I also went on the slingshot ride where they shoot you straight up in the air real fast. Definitely an adrenaline rush!Other highlights of summer camp were camping overnight in tents, having counselor hunt where you tried to sneak up and steal a bandana off their arm, and going to a water park on a hot day and just swimming and going down the water slides for hours. We played so many fun games and did activities that we didn't even have time to get bored or miss school.The end of the summer was a little sad, having to say goodbye to my camp friends and start getting ready to go back to school soon. But we still had one last big event - the borough's annual summer fireworks show! My whole family and our neighbors all brought lawn chairs and snacks to the big parknearby. As the sun went down, a DJ played music to get everyone psyched up. And then the fireworks started exploding in the sky, lighting it up with bright colors and patterns. Some looked like smiley faces or hearts, others crackled on the way down, and the finale was just a huge barrage of fireworks going off every which way. It was such an awesome way to celebrate the end of an amazing summer before heading back to school.So yeah, that's pretty much how my summer vacation went. Between the traveling, the camps, the fireworks and everything else, it was definitely one I'll never forget! Bring on 8th grade!。

八下语文第三单元古诗

八下语文第三单元古诗1.【原诗】《野望》王绩东皋薄暮望,徙倚欲何依。

树树皆秋色,山山唯落晖。

牧人驱犊返,猎马带禽归。

相顾无相识,长歌怀采薇。

【注释】1.东皋(gāo):诗人隐居的地方。

2.薄暮:傍晚。

薄,迫近。

3.徙倚(xǐyǐ):徘徊,来回地走。

4.依:归依。

秋色:一作“春色”。

5.落晖:落日。

6.犊(dú):小牛,这里指牛群。

7.禽:鸟兽,这里指猎物。

8.采薇:薇,是一种植物。

相传周武王灭商后,伯夷、叔齐不愿做周的臣子,在首阳山上采薇而食,最后饿死。

古时“采薇”代指隐居生活。

【译文】傍晚时分站在东皋纵目远望,我徘徊不定不知该归依何方。

层层树林都染上秋天的色彩,重重山岭披覆着落日的余光。

牧人驱赶着那牛群返还家园,猎人带着猎物驰过我的身旁。

大家相对无言彼此互不相识,我长啸高歌真想隐居在山冈!2.【原诗】《黄鹤楼》崔颢昔人已乘黄鹤去,此地空余黄鹤楼。

黄鹤一去不复返,白云千载空悠悠。

晴川历历汉阳树,芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。

日暮乡关何处是?烟波江上使人愁。

【注释】释义:1.昔人:指传说中骑鹤飞去的仙人。

2.悠悠:飘荡的样子。

3.晴川:阳光照耀下的晴明江面。

川,平川原野。

4.历历:清楚可数。

5.萋萋:形容草木茂盛。

6.鹦鹉洲:长江中的小洲,在黄鹤楼东北。

位于湖北省武昌县西南,根据后汉书记载,汉黄祖担任江夏太守时,在此大宴宾客,有人献上鹦鹉,族桐故称鹦鹉洲。

7.乡关:故乡家园。

烟波:暮霭沉沉的江面。

【译文】昔日的仙人已乘着黄鹤飞去,这地方只留下空荡的黄鹤楼。

黄鹤一去再也没有返回这里,千万年来只有白云飘飘悠悠。

汉阳晴川阁的碧树历历可辨,更能看清芳草繁茂的鹦鹉洲。

时至黄昏不知何处是我家乡?看江面烟波渺渺更使人烦愁!3.【原诗】《使至塞上》王维单车欲问边,属国过居延。

征蓬出汉塞,归雁入胡天。

大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆。

萧关逢候骑,都护在燕然。

【注释】1.单车”两句:一作“衔命辞天阙,单车欲问边”。

单车:一辆车,车辆少,这里形容轻车简从。

人教版八年级下册英语第三单元知识点

人教版八年级下册英语第三单元知识点Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?一、重点短语1.go out for dinner出去吃饭2.stay out late在外面待到很晚3.go to the movies去看电影4.geta ride搭车5.work on从事6.cleanand tidy干净洁7.do the dishes洗餐具8.takeout the rubbish倒垃圾9.fold your/the clothes叠衣服10.sweepthe floor扫地11.make your/the bed整理床铺12.cleanthe living room打扫客厅13.no problem没问题14.welcomesb.欢迎某人e home fro m school/work放学/下班回家16.throw down扔下17.sit down坐下eover过来19.take sb.for a walk带某人去散步20.all the time总是21.all day/evening整日/夜22.dohousework做家务23.shout back大声回应24.walkaway走开25.a comfortable home一个舒适的家26.share the housework分担家务27.get some thing to drink拿点喝的东西28.insurprise惊讶地29.watch one show观看节目30.hangout闲逛31.pass sb.sth.把某物传给某人32.lend sb.sth.把某物借给某人33.get sth.wet使某物弄湿34.hate to do sth.讨厌做某事35.help sb.to do/with sth帮助某人干某事36.do chores做杂务37.bring a tent带顶帐篷来38.buy some snacks买些小吃39.invite sb to a party邀请某人参加聚会40.go to the store去商店41.make sb.do sth使某人做某事42.enough stress足够的压力43.a waste of time浪费时间44.inorder to为了45.get goodgrades取得好成绩46.minddoing sth.介意做某事47.developchildren’s independence发展孩子的独立性48.dependon依赖49.do ones part in(doing)sth.做某人分内的事50.look after/take care of 照顾;51.finish doing sth.完成做某事二、知识点解析1.“Could you please do sth.?”的答语以下两种情况:接受请求时可以用Yes,sure./Sure./Of course./Certainly./No problem./My pleasure./It’s my pleasure./With pleasure.等来回答拒绝请求时可以用Sorry./Sorry,I can’t.等来回答,还可以用Ihave to do sth.来解释其否定句是:“Could youplease not do sth.?”2.有关“家务劳动”有关的短语:takeout the rubbish/trash倒垃圾foldone’s clothes叠衣服sweepthe floor扫地cleanthe room打扫房间makeone’s/the bed铺床dothe dishes/wash the dishes洗餐具3.throw down扔下throwat扔向,掷向throw away扔掉例题:Recycling is good,so don’t__________bottles or newspapers.A.find outB.hand ine upD.throw away4.the minute表示“一…….就……”,相当于as soon as.(引导时间状语从句)e.g.:I’ll tell himthe minute he gets there.5.常见time的短语:all the time一直,总是at times不时,有时in time及时on time按时forthe first time第一次in no time立刻at any time随时bythe time到...的时候atthe same同时have a good/great/wonderful time玩的愉快例题:---Hurry up.It’s almost time for school.---Don’t worry.We are sure to be atschool__________.A.at timesB.on timeC.all the timeD.by the time6.as….as表示“和……一样”,之间要用形容词或副词的原级。

八下语文第三单元作文

八下语文第三单元作文篇一:语文版八年级下第三单元作文训练我最喜欢的一个戏剧人物——黄省三曹禺的《日出》是一部以都市生活为背景,反映了20世纪30年代初期中国社会的黑暗现实。

上层社会的腐朽堕落、尔虞我诈与下层社会的饥寒交迫、痛苦挣扎同时展现在了舞台上!其中,黄省三就是下层社会中最典型的代表。

也许,我喜欢他不仅仅是单纯的喜欢,更多的是同情吧!课文虽是第二幕的节选,但情节却不欠缺完整,围绕着小职员黄省三和银行助理李时清而展开的。

我喜欢黄省三,尽管最初的他是那么的懦弱,尽管一开始的他是那么的低声下气,但他还是坚持活了下来。

为了孩子,为了那个早已不完整的家。

他说他拼了命也得活下去!多么有责任感的人啊!为了自己的孩子,尽管他知道那是个吃人的地方,但他为了孩子还是忍气吞声地去求那些没有人性的家伙,他完全丧失了做人仅有的一点尊严、他宁愿自己累死也要为孩子们的生存而工作!多么伟大的父爱阿!李石清为他指出了三条路,由于他的体弱多病加上良心的不安没有接受他的建议,最后,李石清竟让他去自杀。

面对李石清的百般凌辱,黄省三依旧忍气吞声,继续哀求李石清。

这是潘月亭进来了,这个可怜的人在做最后的挣扎。

黄省三面对他们没有人性的羞辱终于忍无可忍了,最后,他终于奋起反抗,他终于向这个世界发起了控诉。

但是,由于自己的肺病恶化,他已无力与他们搏斗了,当他决定以死来向这个无理的社会示威时,被潘月亭打晕在地。

像狗一样的被拖了下去.... 这就是我喜欢的戏剧人物---黄省三。

篇二:人教版初中八年级下册第三单元作文集锦人教版初中八年级下册第三单元作文集锦风的传奇我们对于风,应该说并不陌生。

它无时无刻不在我们的身边走动。

风像一位神奇的隐士,看不见也摸不着。

一会儿,它像个乖觉的孩子;一会儿,又像个调皮的顽童;一会儿,像个慈祥的母亲,轻拂着你的脸庞;一会儿,又像凶神恶煞,疯狂地抽打着你的身躯。

总之,它是变化无常的。

那么,风又是怎样形成的呢?其实很简单。

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古诗中景物描写的作用
• 景物描写,是指对自然环境和社会环境中的风景、物体的 描写。景物描写主要是为了显示人物活动的环境,使读者 身临其境。景物描写主要有以下几个作用。
• 一、交代故事发生的时间、地点,揭示作品的时代背景
• 景物描写一个重要作用就是交代故事发生的时间、地点, 有时也揭示作品的时代背景。例如王绩《野望》:
1.“之”字用作指示代词,表意为这、这样、那里如: ①《愚公移山》“曾不能毁魁父之丘” ②“请京,使居之。”“之”代指处所,表示“那里”。 ③ “见其发矢十中八九,但微颔之。”“之”,此,指陈
尧咨射箭十中八九这一情况。 2.“之”用作第三人称代词,可以代人、代物、代事,主
要表示“他”、“她”、“它”。如: “子曰:‘默而识之,学而不厌,诲人不倦,何有于我
第三单元试卷讲评
• 1 巩固第三单元基础知识 • 2 积累常见文言字词、掌握答题技巧
任务分配
• 1组 1-3小题 • 2组 4-5 • 3组 6-7 • 4组 8-11 • 5组 12-15 • 6组 16-19 • 7组 20-21 • 做题要求:拼音题标出注音,区别字义题解释加
点字
文言词“之”的用法
• 节选自《虞初新志•黄履庄传》注:①黄子履庄:即 黄履庄,清代顺治、康熙年间人。 ②机:机关。 ③吠(fèi):狗叫。
• 黄子履庄,年少时聪明颖悟,读书几遍,就能背 诵.特别喜欢自出新意,制作各种机械.七八岁时, 曾经背着私塾的老师,暗地拿来工匠的刀锥,雕凿 了一寸来高的木人,放在书案上能自动行走,(木 人)手脚都能自己活动,观看的人都觉得神奇.
• 黄子履庄①,少聪颖,读书不数过,即能背诵。尤 喜出新意,作诸技巧。七八岁时。尝背塾师,暗窃 匠氏刀锥,凿木人长寸许,置案上能自行走,手足 皆自动,观者异以为神。
• 所制亦多,予不能悉记。……作木狗,置门侧, 卷卧如常,唯人入户,触机②则立吠③不止。吠之 声与真无二,虽黠者不能辨其为真与伪也。作木鸟, 置竹笼中,能自跳舞飞鸣,鸣如画眉,凄越可 听。……所作之奇俱如此,不能悉载。
• 东皋薄謩望,徙倚欲何依。交代了时间地点并照应题目, 表现了诗人百无聊赖的彷徨心情,诗人面对黑暗现实想要 归隐田园的愿望。
• 二、结构方面
• 1、呼应标题(涉及时间地点景物);2、先言他物,引出 下文,或曰“为下文的XX内容(写人、叙事、抒情)做 铺垫”;3、与下文某个写景内容相照应。
• 三、渲染气氛,烘托人物心情
哉?’”“之”代指“它”,“默而识之”,意即默默地在 心里记住它。 3.“之”字用作动词,意为“往,到……去”。如:
“吾欲之南海,何如?”“之”意为“到……去”,句子 的意思是:“我准备到南海去,怎么样?”
4.“之”字用作助词,可以分为下面三种: ⑴“之”用作结构助词,相当于“的”,如:《桃花源记》 中的“忘路之远近” ⑵“之”字用于主语和谓语之间,取消句子的独立性。如;
日清周练27页
• 上海城里的元宵节灯火以伞灯最为漂亮。灯制成伞的形状,有的呈圆形,有 的呈六角形,都用精致华美的五色彩纸装饰而成,五色彩纸被打磨的薄如蝉 翼,上面绘上人物、花鸟,这些图画的笔锋和茧丝一样细。制作一盏灯,要 历经一年时间,即使耗费百金也在所不惜,但伞灯的展出是最迟的,常常是 等到其它花灯兴尽之时,在农历二月十二百花节前后,伞灯才开始盛大展出。 多的时候达到二三百盏,有时在花灯上用吴地的五彩丝织品画上花卉,偶尔 装饰禽、鱼、蝉、蝶的图案,飞翔舞动,栩栩如生。又或者用彩纸扎成亭子 的形状,高大约三四丈,名称叫做抬阁,有时上面用龙凤装饰,用云母石作 为它的外壳,上下通明,光照数丈;有的两层,有的三层,每层让穿着精美 绣衣的孩童扮演杂剧,常常扮演的是《长生殿·玉环拜月》,兽形的香炉中飘 着一缕香烟,云烟迷茫之处显现出月宫,嫦娥站立在宫殿左面,左右的侍女, 各执一把团扇,肩上方显现出牛郎、织女两个星座,看上去如在天空中一样。 每种灯火经过时,(前后)绵延几里(远),照得夜里如同白天(一样亮)。 笙箫鼓乐之声彻夜都不断绝。但是在通商之后,不再有这样的盛事了。同乡 的张秋浦秀才在《岁事衢歌》写道:月夜笙箫步绿塍,珠常垂处小楼凭。吴 绫输与谈笺纸,妙擅江乡算伞灯。大概是说在伞灯的制作上,谈笺纸比丝织品 更珍贵,谈笺纸,是上海本地生产的。
• 太宗征辽东,攻白岩城,右卫大将军李思摩为流 矢所中,帝亲为吮血,将士莫不感励。
• 【翻译】贞观十九年,太宗亲征高丽,驻扎在定州, 只要有士兵到来,太宗都亲临州城北门楼抚慰他们。 当时有一个随从的士兵病重,不能进见,太宗诏令 把他抬到自己的床前,询问他的病情,下令州县的 医官给他好好治疗。因此将士们没有不心甘情愿跟 随太宗出征的。等到大军回师驻扎柳城,又诏令收 集前后阵亡将士的骸骨,设太牢隆重祭奠。太宗亲临 祭祀,为死者哀悼痛哭,全军将士无不落泪哭泣。 观看祭祀的士兵回到家乡,把这件事情告诉阵亡者 的父母,他们的父母说:“我们的儿子战死,天子为 他哭丧致哀,死了也没有什么遗憾了。”
• 雨苍氏说:记录的这些都是琐事,但是插一句感叹之语的话,其中又寄寓了 很多感慨。
日清周练29页
• 译文 • 君子远出服役,不知它的限期。何时才能
归里?鸡儿回窠栖止,日头垂挂天西,ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ 羊下山歇息。君子远出服役,如何能不相 思?
• 君子远出服役,不知日月程期。何时才能 重聚?鸡儿回栏栖止,日头垂挂天西,牛 羊缓缓归至。君子远出服役,该是没捱渴 饥?
• 景物描写有时可以渲染一种特定的氛围,烘托人物的情趣、 心境,表现人物的心理。比如,《蒹葭》中,蒹葭苍苍, 白露为霜渲染了凄清朦胧的氛围。表达了主人公对意中人 求而不得的惆怅心情。
• 四、借景抒情,情景交融
• 王维的《山居秋暝》是一首以写景为主的山水诗,诗歌借 助视觉、听觉从动和静两个方面表现了清新、恬静、自然 的秋晚山中之景,从而表现了诗人对山居生活的喜爱和其 内心的宁静恬淡,是典型的借景抒情的诗歌。
• 太宗亲征辽东,攻打白岩城,右卫大将军李思摩被 乱箭射中,太宗亲自替他吮血止伤,将士们没有不 因此而受感动和深受激励的。
• 原文:
• 顺宗即位,王叔文、韦执谊用事(1),尤奇待(2) 宗元。与监察吕温密引禁(3)中,与之图事。转尚 书礼部员外郎。叔文欲大用之,会居位不久,叔文败。 与同辈七人俱贬。宗元为邵州刺史,在道,再贬为永 州司马。既罹窜逐(4)涉履蛮瘴(5),崎岖湮厄 (6)。蕴(7)骚人之郁悼,写情叙事,动必以文。 为骚、文十数篇,览之者为之凄恻。
——节选自《旧唐书•柳宗元传》
• 注:(1)用事:执掌政权。(2)奇待:器重礼遇。 (3)禁:宫禁,帝王的住处。(4)罹窜逐:遭遇放 逐。(5)涉履蛮瘴:经历蛮地瘴疠之苦。(6)堙厄: 指道路艰难。(7)蕴:积聚。
• 翻译:
唐顺宗即帝位后,王叔文、韦执谊执掌朝政,两人尤 其器重柳宗元。他和监察御史吕温一起被秘密召入宫 中,一起商讨国家革新大事。柳宗元转任尚书礼部员 外郎。王叔文想重用柳宗元,但适逢任职不久,王叔 文失败。柳宗元等七名同辈一同被贬。柳宗元被贬为 邵州刺史,在赴任途中,又再次被贬为永州司马。柳 宗元既遭遇贬逐,又经历蛮荒之地瘴疠之苦,身处崎 岖道路阻塞的环境,内心积聚骚人抑郁的情怀,所以 抒情叙事,只要一动笔就一定写成文章。他写了十多 篇骚体文,读过的人都为之凄婉感伤。
基本上来说,在文言文中“之”的常见的用法就是上面几种, 只要掌握其规律,摸准“之”的用法和意义也是不困难的。
• 【原文】贞观十九年,太宗征高丽,次定州,有 兵士到者,帝御州城北门楼抚慰之。有从卒一人 病,不能进,诏至床前,问其所苦,仍敕州县医 疗之,是以将士莫不欣然愿从。及大军回次柳城, 诏集前后战亡人骸骨,设太牢致祭,亲临,哭之 尽哀,军人无不洒泣。兵士观祭者,归家以言, 其父母曰:“吾儿之丧,天子哭之,死无所恨。”
①《庄子》二则中的“生物之以息相吹也”。
②“西蜀之去南海,不知几千里也。”同样,“之”在这里也 没有实在意义。
⑶“之”字在句子中只起调节音节的作用,也无实义。如:
①“久之,目似瞑,意暇甚。”“久之”,很久,“之”, 调节音节,没有实在意义 。
②“鸣之而不能通其意。”在这里,“之”也是单纯调节音 节,没有实义。
• 他制造的机械很多,我不能全部记得.……他制造 了木狗,放在门的旁边,像真狗那样圈卧着,只是 当人进门,触动机关就马上大叫不止,叫声同真狗 没有区别,即使聪明的人也难辨真假.他制作木鸟, 放在竹笼中,能自己跳舞飞鸣,像画眉一样鸣叫, 凄切清越,声音动听.……他制作机械的奇特都像 这样,我不能全部记载下来.
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