2016高考英语阅读理解猜测词义
(全)高考英语阅读理解真题(2016-17全国卷3B篇)详解
高考英语阅读理解真题（2016-17全国卷3B篇）详解2016On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.“Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?”the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too.”Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,”Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’”Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.“I don’t make them up,”she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to.”Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears onlya fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.5.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?A. Two strangers joined her.B. Her childhood friends came in.C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.D. Some people held a party there.6.The underlined word “them”in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s.A. readersB. partiesC. friendsD. stories7.What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?A. They live in big cities.B. They are mostly women.C. They come from real life.D. They are pleasure seekers.答案语篇分析：文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。
高中英语真题-2016高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练(39)
2016高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练（39）阅读理解—词义猜测题、观点态度题。
(2015年吉林省实验中学月考)In summer, some people avoid outdoor activities because the y don't want to get hot and sticky or sun burnt. Luckily, there a re some outdoor activities which don't involve breaking sweat. River raftingHot summer weather and cool water-what a perfect match! River rafting can be both scenic and ex citing. When the raft follows a gentle stream, the views of the countryside or valley is like a traditional Chinese painting. And when you enter white water where the riverbed creates a nat ural roller coaster, you feel a rush of adrenaline(肾上腺素). Paddle your raft to the riverbank to have a picnic or barbe cue which will taste best when you are starving.Where to find: River rafting trips are usually on offer in mount ainous or valley regions such as the Three Gorges.Tips: Wear a helmet and life jacket at all times; bring enough sunscreen; and bring lots of water.CavingPeople say that the only naturally air-conditioned place in summer is a big cave. It is true. Cave tou rs featuring light shows are old hat. Now it's time to wear a la mp no your helmet like a mineworker to explore caves in dark ness. Exploring unknown caverns and navigating undergroun d rivers is what makes caving so thrilling. Plus, caving can be a very healthy sport, for the oxygen level is usually higher so basically you are having an oxygen spa as the bonus.Where to find: Caving can be very risky, so consult local trave l agents and go in groups with professional cavers.Tips: Follow your guides; drink enough water to avoid dehydr ation(脱水)；and wear strong and not easily damaged hiking boots. Coastal walking/cycling and beach activitiesFor those who live far away from mountains, coastal regions a nd beaches are good places to spend time in the summer. Wit h sea breezes in your hair, it is nice to take a hike or cycle rid e while enjoying the coastline. If you want to be sportier, try b each games, such as soccer and volleyball. It's a totally differ ent experience from playing on hard courts or grass.Where to find: Just go to the beach or find an urban artificial b each such as the one in Chatoyant Park in Beijing or the man-made lake beach inTips: Loads of sunscreen needed; water and snacks are nece ssary; be aware of jellyfish and garbage floating in the water. What does the underlined words “old hat” in Paragraph 5 mea n?A．Out of fashion. B. Out of the way. C. A particular f ashion. D. A unique style2. If you love river rafting trips, you can .A. go to the beachB. explore cavesC. do some outdoor activitiesD. drift the boat downstre am3. What is specially needed to explore caves?A. An oxygen spa.B. A professional caver.C. A lamp.D. A helmet4. Helen lives in a big city, where is the best place for her to s pend weekends?A. A riverbankB. Underground riversC. An urban artificial beach.D. Mountainous areas.语篇解读夏天时，一些人总是对户外运动唯恐避之不及，因为不想变得又热又黏。
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。
考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
2016年高考英语全国卷2-答案
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国新课标卷2）英语答案解析第I卷第一部分第一节1.【答案】B【解析】此题为简单的事实细节题。
根据材料中女士的话“but I have an appointment with my dentist at 11:30.”可知女士明天上午11：30要去看牙医，故选B。
2.【答案】C【解析】此题为简单的事实细节题。
根据材料中女士的问话。
“Is it still raining？”及男士的回答“No, but there's still lots of clouds。
”可知现在虽然雨停了，但是有很多乌云。
3.【答案】A【解析】此题为意图推断题。
根据材料中男士的话“I'm sorry I was late for class today, Dr. Simpson。
”及“I won't let it happen again。
”可知男士迟到了在跟他的老师道歉，故选A。
4.【答案】C【解析】此题为简单的事实细节题。
根据材料中女士的话“I'm coming back this afternoon and I'll take a bus from the railway station.”可知答案为C。
5.【答案】B【解析】此题为简单的事实细节题。
根据材料中Jenny的话“but I've decided to travel a bit before finding another job.”可知在找工作之前她决定先去旅游。
第二节6.【答案】A【解析】此题为事实细节题。
根据材料中女士的话“Well, it's a quarter to two.”可知现在是1：45，故选A。
7.【答案】C【解析】此题为事实细节题。
根据材料中男士的话“Actually I'm going to meet with Professor Smith at ten past two。
2016高考英语阅读理解猜测词义分析
•Guess the meaning
词义猜测题主要是测试考生利用上下文判断单 词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力， 以及it，they，them等判断指代内容，做此类题目， 考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，“上下取证”，通过构 词法，语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确 定词义。 词义猜测题不是阅读测试的重点，但也是常考 点。是阅读理解题中的难点。是同学们的易错点。 2015年《考试说明》介绍阅读理解部分有可能会考 查对词组或短语在上下文的词语猜测
2.对比法
小结
表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though on the contrary等。
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义 词、近义词或词组猜测词义。
4. Since I have finished my paper now, I am going to give myself a treat tonight. I am going to watch a movie on campus, an action movie called “Face Off”. The underlined words “a treat” here means ____.
对代词的猜测
(2013· 四川卷B篇)Two 12yearold boy, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football. Once they'd rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control. 36. What does “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
2016年英语高考试题新课标Ⅱ卷(含答案解析)
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅱ卷）英语第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15题：每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AWhat’s On?Electric Underground7.30pm－1.00am Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce you music.Gee Whizz8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).Simon’s Workshop5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte Stone8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?A. Jules Skye.B. Gee Whizz.C. Charlotte Stone.D. James Pickering.2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?A. The Cyclops TheatreB. KaleidoscopeC. Victoria StageD. Pizza World3. What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?A. It requires membership status.B. It lasts three hours each time.C. It is run by a comedy club.D. It is held every Wednesday.4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?A. 5.00pm-7.30pm.B. 7.30pm－1.00am.C. 8.00pm-11.00pm.D. 8.30pm-10.30pm.【答案】1.A 2. B 3. D 4. C【解析】2.B 细节理解题。
2016年高考英语阅读理解：2.词义猜测
C
2．Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1? A． ended all their programs C． changed to commercials B．provided fewer channels D．showed allnight movies
作者看节目的时候， 作者采取了换台的方法， 但是有时不起作用， 排除 C 项；然后作者又采取了 “举起来摇晃电视 ”及 “用拳头击打 ”的方法， 后来这一招也失效了，排除 A 项； B 项“不断地开关电视”在文章中没 有提到。再根据文章最后一句话 My trip to the repair shop cost me $62， and the set is working well now...可知作者最后只好花钱修理电视，且到 目前为止电视还没有再出现什么问题。故选 D 项。
A
词义猜测题。该短语前的 I would keep it on 说明作者非常喜欢看电视， 一直看到电视台停止播放节目为止，故 A 项 “结束所有的节目”与短语 sign off“结束广播 /电视节目”意义相近，为正确答案。 B 项 “提供更少 的频道”， C 项 “更换成广告”， D 项“播放通宵电影”，均不符合此 处语境。
词义猜测题常见的命题方式有以下几种： 1．The word/phrase “...” in the passage means________.
2．The word/phrase “...” could be best replaced by ________. 3．Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to________？ 4．The word/phrase “...” probably refers to ________. 5．According to the passage，the word “...” is known as ________.
【高考英语阅读理解公开课】---猜测词义课件(共4个课件)
[典例] (2019·北京卷 )Phytoplankton(浮游植物) lives at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. ...But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow...
Statistics on the type of guessing meanings of words
Year
2019
2018
2017
全国卷Ⅰ 1(单词stumbles的含义)
1(单词 dominant的 2(代词that的含义； 短语the
含义)
water catcher的含义)
全国卷Ⅱ
2(代词I的含义；短语tug at 1(短语a juicer的含
many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and
Chinese are increasingly taking over.
29．Which of the following best explains “dominant”in paragraph 2?
field(n.场地 ) field vt.运用=employ(使用，运用)
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对句义的猜测 The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn.(07四川卷) By saying “the brain at any age is highly plastic”, the writer means the brain can be _____. ed B. mastered C. developed D. researched
对代词的猜测
(2013· 四川卷B篇)Two 12yearold boy, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football. Once they'd rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control. 36. What does “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
年份
3
2011 1
2012 2(1个短语）
2013
2014
2015
题数
1（短语） 3（1短语） 1
3
对考纲外生词的猜测 对考纲内熟词新义的猜测
对短语或句义的猜测
对代词的猜测
对考纲外生词的猜测
Many United Nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Jim, for example, speaks five languages fluently. “polyglot” most probably means “_______________.” 通晓数种语言的人
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语 （从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。 1. It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
A. fragile B. soft C. weak D. strong
My mind was in a million different places. Thanks to the strict training , Bell is now no longer nervous and a lot more confident. A.she was absent-minded B. she was nervous C. she was excited D.she was curious
1.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
2.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
对考纲内熟词新义的猜测
I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. (04全国卷) 使模糊，混淆，搅浑 “cloud” means “_____________________.”
考查熟词的引申义或一词多义在特定场合的意思
How to guess the meaning of words?
高分秘笈
生活 常识 上下文 对比 转折
定义构Βιβλιοθήκη 法猜因果 关系同义词 反义词 同位 关系
1. Definition 定义法
猜 测 词 义
2. Contrast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example 例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Context 上下文 8. Common Sense 普通常识
A. Order. B. System. C. Machine. D. Treatment.
12
12
B
通过标点符号来下定义 使用破折号，引号，冒 号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容
3.They will be on the night shift — from midnight to 6 a. m. — next week.
A. The beach. B. The water.
C. The boat. D. The wind.
7
7
D
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1．The underlined word/phrase“________”in the third paragraph means________. • 2．The underlined word“________”in the second paragraph can be replaced by________. • 3．Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word“________”in the last paragraph? • 4．The underlined word“________”in the fourth paragraph refers to________.
2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
(n. 牧羊人)
3.(2013· 四川卷E篇)“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain„speak‟ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，”Dr. Garfinkel said. 49. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?
(adj. 大的)
3. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
Not hear what you said concentrate/focus her attention on
2.对比法
小结
表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though on the contrary等。
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义 词、近义词或词组猜测词义。
2. Contrast 对比法：
利用文中的反义词以及表对比 关系的词（组）猜测词义。
表示对比的词有but、while、 however、 otherwise等。
1.Most of us agreed, however, Bill (disagreed) dissented. 2.She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. punctual B. late C. slowly D. quickly A
1.Cleaning up waterways is an gigantic task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.
根据同义词，
3.The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.
取代 and ,or ,such as, like， for example, for instance常连接同义词组 。
4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推 测结果，从结果推测原因。
由破折号之间的解释内容，我们可以了解到 “night shift”意思为“夜班”。
1.定义法
Guess the Meaning of the Word
定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is， or， that is (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇 或破折号来表示
4. Since I have finished my paper now, I am going to give myself a treat tonight. I am going to watch a movie on campus, an action movie called “Face Off”. The underlined words “a treat” here means ____.