主谓一致英语语法考点知识总结

主谓一致周容发布时间：2010-8-6 10:10:19英语中主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。

这种一致关系一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则、概念（意义）一致原则、毗邻一致原则。

在用英语表达时，必须注意主谓一致，否则就容易出错。

本文以三条原则为基础对英语主谓一致进行论述。

1、语法上一致（grammatial concord）。

主要指动词和主语在数和人称上的一致。

传统语法规则大多符合这个原则。

1〉主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。

例如：This girl is clever enough to study maths well.The masses have full confidence in the their leaders2〉、一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具，作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式，如glasses （眼镜），clothes，trousers，shoes，compasses(圆规)，shopsticks，scissors，scales(天平)，spectacles（眼镜），gloves，stochings，pants等。

例如：His trousers have worn out .My glasses are new .但如果主语由“a kind of ,a pair of , a series of 等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

例如：A pair of shoes was in the box .“pair , piece + of + 名词或物主代词”作主语时，谓语动词与pair 和piece 等词保持一致，与of 之后的名词或代词无关。

例如：The pieces of stone were then carried to the new place for the temple , 60 metres higher up the hill .They watched pairs of people who were sitting in college coffee—shops for at least an hour . 3〉、如果主语被more than one….或many a ….修饰时，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。

这符合语法一致原则。

例如：More than one student has seen the film .Many a ship has been damaged in the storm .但是，“more + 复数名词+ than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。

例如：More members than one are against your plan .4〉、each , every , no 所修饰的名词即使以and 或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。

例如：Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people.No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in such a stormy discussion .In our country every boy and every girl has the right to education .5〉、由and 或both…and连结的主语有复数意义时，用复数动词。

这是遵循语法上一致原则的。

例如：A hammer and a saw are to be used .Both my sister and my cousin study in Shanghai .Plastics and rubber never rot .Walking and riding are good exercises .但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。

例如：The director and chief engineer is an experienced person .A knife and fork is on the table .The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor .Truth and honesty is the best policy .To love and to be loved is the great happiness .6〉、this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书)其谓语用单数；短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men 作主语，谓语用单数，men of this kind 和these kind of men 的谓语用复数。

all kinds of 后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。

例如：This kind of men is dangerous .Men of this kind are dangerous .This kind of man annoys me .There are three kinds of computer .Some new types of bus are on show .7〉、不定代词each , either , neither ,none , all, one , the other , anyone , anything ,someone , some , more…等作主语，因其有单数意义，谓语动词可用单数，以符合语法上一致原则。

但在某特定情况下，不定代词也有复数概念，这时一般用复数动词。

这样，语言流畅自然而且也符合概念上一致和紧邻一致原则。

例如：Each takes a cup of coffee .Nobody is listening .Now all has been changed .All are present .I invited both Peter and John , but neither have come .I wonder if either are coming .The speech was tedious . Nobody , not even the teacher , were listening .但Either , none , any , 和neither 后面如果有“of + 复数名词或代词”，动词可以用复数，也可以用单数；在正式文体中，单数形式更常用。

例如：Do(es) any of you know his address .None of them has (have) seen the film .We are expecting guests from the country , but none of them has arrived .8〉、当主语后跟有as well as , as much as , no less than , along with , with ,like , rather than ,togeter with , but , except , besidees , including , in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语中心词的单、复数而定。

例如：The teacher as well as the students was excited .An iren and steel works , with some satellite factories , is to be built here .He , like you and Xiao Li is very clever .Nobody but Smith and John was in the laboratory yesterday .Every picture except these two has been sold .No one , besides Helen , Joan , Mary , and Alice ,is willing to help me .The factory , including its machines , was burnt last night .His sister no less than you is wrong .The father , rather than the brothers , is responsible for the accident .但以下两例除外，把它们可以看做受紧邻关系影响。

No one except his own supporters agree . (张道真语法第426页)（GCE,7.24）One man with his wife , both looking very anxious , were pleading with a guard to let them through . （GCE,7.28 , Note [b]）9〉、关系代词who , that , which 等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

例如：Those who want to go please sign your names here .Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun .Old stamps that have not been used are usually more expensive than used stamps .He , who does not reach the Great Wall ,is not a true man .10〉、在“It is 或It was + 被强调部分+ that / who….”的强调语句中，当强调主语时，who 或that后的动词应与被强调的词保持一致。

例如：It is he who often helps me .It is I who have saved his wife .11〉、在“one of + 复数名词+who / which / that”引导的的从句结构中，关系代词who \ that \ which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。