高考英语 重难点语法讲解-独立主格结构

高中语法——独立主格结构独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。

一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。

如：(1). Such being the case, I couldn’t help but support him.(2). Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper following it closely.(3). Weather permitting, they decided to go for an outing.(4). There being no buses, we had to walk home after work yesterday.(5). The thief fell to the ground, his left foot broken and blood running down from his mouth.(6). Time permitting, we could have done it better.(7). It being noisy, she couldn’t make herself heard clearly.(8). It being too late, he couldn’t find himself any taxis.(9). It being fine, we will go climbing.(10). The Green’s has been broken into th ree times, each resulting in their great loss.(11)The thieves ran away separately, each carrying a bag.1. __________no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. BeingC. Having beenD. There was2. _______no bus, we had to walk home.A. As there beingB. As there wasC. BeingD. Therewas3. _______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. BeingB. There beingC. It beingD. Having been4. ______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. As it beingB. BeingC. It isD. As it is2、逻辑主语+V-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。

如：(1). His eyes still fixed on the map, he did some serious thinking.(2). The boy stood at the table, his eyes fixed on the food in the plate.(3). The job finished, we went home straight away.(4). The sum added, we will have enough money for the trip.(5). The actress looked pure and fresh, dressed in a white shirt and army trousers, her hair done up in pigtails.1. _________, the train started.A. The signal givenB. Giving the signalC. The signal being givenD. The signal giving2. __________, the train started.A. After having given the signalB. After the signal givenC. Giving the signalD. After the signal was given3. _________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. Explaining new wordsB. New words explainedC. Being explained new wordsD. Having explained new words4. ______________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB. Explaining new wordsC. New words explainingD. Being explained new words3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。

如：(1). He entered the room, his nose red with colD.(2). He sat in the front row,his mouth half open.(3). Dinner over, we decided to play bridge.(4). Father away, he played games with his friends.1. ___________, the patient can leave the hospital.A. Better conditionsB. Conditions betterC. Conditions are betterD. Being better conditions2. _________, the patient can leave the hospital.A. If better conditionsB. If conditions betterC. If conditions are betterD. Being better conditions3. ________, we’d like to go outing.A. Being SundayB. Sunday OKC. Sunday is OKD. If Sunday OK4. ___________, we’d like to go outing.A. If Sunday is OKB. Sunday being OKC. Sunday OKD. A,B and C5. _________, you can wait a while.A. The play being still onB. The play still on C Being still on the play D. A and B6. _________, so you can wait a whileA. The play is still onB. The play being still onC. As the play is still onD. The play still on4、逻辑主语+介词短语该结构相当于不带动词的“主—系—介词短语”结构。

如：(1). ---Can I help you?---I’d like to buy a presend for my father’s birthday, one at a properprice but of great value.(2). In half an hour Delia came, her right hand in bandage.(3). Book in hand, Mr Smith came in.(4). Gun on shoulder, the soldiers are marching on.1. The boy followed the nobleman here, ___________.A. a sword in handB. a sword in his handC. being a sword in handD. sword in hand2. The boy followed the nobleman here ___________.A. with a sword in his handB. with a sword in handC. with a sword being in handD. a sword being in hand3. He left the office, __________.A. tears being in eyesB. tears in eyesC. being tears in eyesD. with tears being in eyes4. He left the office __________.A. with tears being in eyesB. with tears in his eyesC. being tears in eyesD. tears being in eyes5、逻辑主语+名词(1). A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400Cambodians, most of them ( being ) women. 独立主格结构, and most of them are women. 并列句; most of them are women. 并列句, most of whom are women. 定语从句(2). The doctor has two daughters, one a nurse, the other an engineer.二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：1、原因状语该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。

如：1). ________ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. As there wasC. There wasD. A and B2). _________Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. It beingB. As it isC. BeingD. A and B3). ____________, I had to ask for two days’ leave.A. Mother being illB. Mother illC. As mother was illD. A,B and C4). ____________, we have to work late into the night.A. The exam nearB. The exam being nearC. As the exam is nearD. A,B and C2、时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语从句。