高考英语语法：withwithout引导的独立主格结构.doc
with的复合结构和独立主格结构
1. with+宾语+形容词。
比如：. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。
Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
2. with+宾语+副词。
比如：She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！3. with+宾语+过去分词。
比如：He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。
4. with+宾语+现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。
5. with+宾语+介词短语。
比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6. with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如： With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉，有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去。
高中英语语法——独立主格结构和with复合结构
Homework（having been）finished（=After homework had been finished）,the boy went out to play.做完作业后，这个男孩出去玩了。
He fell asleep with the windows open.他开着窗睡觉。
He came into the room, with his dog out.他回到了房子里，他的狗在外面。
He came out of the library, with a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。
1.with+名词(代词)+分词/不定式
with+名词/代词+doing（表主动，进行）
with+名词/代词+done（表被动，完成）
with+名词/代词+to do（表将来）
With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty in finding the address.由小男孩带路，找到这个地方我们没有困难。
The thief was brought to the front with his hand tied behind.小偷被带到前面，双手被捆在后面。
With nothing to do, he went out for a walk.
由于没有什么事情可做，他便到外面散步去了。
2. with+名词(代词)+形容词/副词/介词短语
2020高考英语复习独立主格结构用法全解
独立主格结构独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1. 名词(代词)+现在分词Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
2. 名词(代词)+过去分词The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
高中英语语法 独立主格结构用法全解(含答案)
独立主格结构独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1. 名词(代词)+现在分词Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
2. 名词(代词)+过去分词The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
独立主格结构语法资料.
(2). 表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于 句首,要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词, 就不用倒装。如: In came Mr. White. Up went the arrow into the air. Away went the boy.
2) There ________. And here ________. A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she C. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she
1. There lived a girl called A Qiao long ago.
_A__g_i_r_l _c_a_ll_e_d__A__Q_i_a_o__li_v_e_d__th__e_re__l_o_n_g__a_g_o_. 2. Here comes your husband. ____Y_o_u_r__h_u_s_b_a_n__d_c_o__m__e_s_here. 3. Out rushed the children. ____T_h__e_c_h__il_d_r_e_n__ru__s_h_e_d__o_u_t.
3) Out ________, with a stick in his hand.
A. did he rush
B. rushed he
C. he rushed
D. he did rush
4) ________ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.
现在分词 过去分词
2019-2020年高三英语《with复合结构与独立主格结构》标准教案
2019-2020年高三英语《with复合结构与独立主格结构》标准教案with结构的构成: With/without +n/pron+ (...)1. With/without +n/pron+adj；2. With/without +n/pron+adv；3. With/without +n/pron+prep.p；4. With/without +n/pron+ to do；5. With/without +n/pron+doing/done。
with结构的作用：作状语eg1. She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold. (伴随状语)2. With the meal over, we all went home. (时间状语)3. The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
(伴随状语)4.The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. (伴随状语)5. She fell asleep with the light burning. (伴随状语)6. Without anything left in the cupboard， shewent out to get something to eat. (原因状语)NOTES:With+作定语。
1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.with结构的特点1. With/without +n/pron+ (...)(语法上) With/without +O+O补(逻辑上) With/without +n/pron(S逻)+adj(V逻)With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.→（He was taken good care of.）She fell asleep with the light burning. →（The light was burning.） With her hair gone，there could be no use for them. →（Her hair was gone.）2. With/without +pron(宾格)+(...)He could not finish it without me to help him.几点说明：1. With结构的位置(1)with 结构在句中作状语，表示时间/条件/原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开；(2)表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面，不用逗号分开;(3)若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，一般不用逗号隔开。
语法：独立主格结构(福建高考英语必考难点之一 )
高考英语难点之独立主格结构归纳独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。
但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction ）。
其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。
独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1. 名词(代词+现在分词Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
2. 名词(代词+过去分词The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
3. 名词(代词+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
独立主格语法考点总结讲义-高三英语复习作文专题
2024年高三英语高考三轮复习【作文专题】独立主格语法考点总结（讲义）独立主格(Abosolute Phrase)是一个短语，在句中作状语。
在使用独立主格结构之前，需要先明确主句部分和状语部分。
若状语部分的逻辑主语和主句的主语不一致时(即状语部分有自己独立的主语)，则使用独立主格结构。
独立主格结构由两部分组成：前一部分是名词或代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(动名词,不定式,现在分词，过去分词)或形容词,副词,名词或介词短语。
with/without复合结构，同样也是在句中作状语，且状语部分的逻辑主语和主句的主语不一致时，考虑使用。
因此with/without复合结构作状语时属于独立主格结构的其中一种。
两者的联系与区别想进一步探究的同学可以去观察总结，这里不作赘述。
这里主要讲独立主格最为常见的形式：名词/代词+分词(现在分词/过去分词)；名词/代词+不定式；名词/代词+形容词；名词/代词+介词短语。
独立主格常见结构（一）名词/主格代词+现在分词现在分词构成的独立主格结构表示状语部分的逻辑主语(名词/代词)主动进行的动作或状态。
(1).女孩盯着他，他不知所措。
(With) the girl staring at him,he was at a loss.你还有其它表示方式吗？【讲解】把“他不知所措”当作主句，那么“女孩盯着他”作伴随状语。
由于状语部分有自己独立的主语“女孩”，和主句的主语不一致，所以使用独立主格结构。
又因为“女孩”和“盯”之间表示主动，所以使用现在分词。
在作状语时，with复合结构也属于独立主格结构的一种，两者可以互换。
但在口语表达中，一般不使用独立主格结构。
(2).伤心并且害怕，他坐着一动不动，啥也没说，泪水不由自主地留下脸颊。
Heartbroken and frustrated, he sat still and said noting, (with) tears rolling down his cheeks beyond control.你还有其它表示方式吗？【讲解】“他坐着一动不动并且啥也没说”是主句,那么“伤心并且害怕(伴随状语1)”和“泪水不由自主地留下脸颊(伴随状语2)”是两个状语。
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2019高考英语语法：withwithout引导的独立主格结
构
withwithout 引导的独立主格结构
介词withwithout +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。
A.with+名词代词+形容词
He doesn誸like to sleep with the windows open.
他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
= He doesn誸like to sleep when the windows are open.
He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.
他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。
= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.
注意：
在”with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。
With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.
由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。
With his father well-known, the boy didn誸want to study.
父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。
B.with+名词代词+副词
Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.
所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。
= Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are on. The boy was walking, with his father ahead.
父亲在前，小孩在后走着。
= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.
C.with+名词代词+介词短语
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.或
He stood at the door, computer in hand.
他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。
= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.
Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.或
Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.
文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。
= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.
D.with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式
With his homework done, Peter went out to play.
作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。
= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.
With the signal given, the train started.
信号发出了，火车开始起动了。
= After the signal was given, the train started.
I wouldn誸dare go home without the job finished.
工作还没完成，我不敢回家。
= I wouldn誸dare go home because the job was not finished.
E.with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式
The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.
有这么多的孩子坐在他周围，那男子感到很高兴。
= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。
= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.他趁没人注意的时候，从窗口溜走了。
= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.
F.with+名词代词+动词不定式
The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.
有这么多的家庭作业要做，小男孩看上去很不开心。
= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.
The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。
The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.
提示：
在withwithout的复合结构中，多数情况下with能省略，但without 不能省略。
Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. 她没再说一句话，直接离开了会议室。