北师大版高中英语选修七重点语法汇总

北师大版高中英语选修七重点语法汇总
北师大版高中英语选修七重点语法汇总

选修7重点语法汇总

Unit19

一.名词性从句

在复合句中起名词性作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

主语从句

引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类:

连接词that,whether,if;

连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等;

连接副词when,where,why,how等。

1.连接词that,whether,if引导

①That the college will take in more new students this year is true.今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。

②It was doubtful whether/if the manager knew the details of the plan.

经理是否知道计划的细节还不确定。

【注】(1)if引导的主语从句主语从句不可放在句首,只能放于it作形式主语的句子中。Whether引导的语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾,if和whether在句中都不充当成他,意为“是否”

(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种:

A. It+系动词+形容词(possible,easy,necessary,polite)+that从句。如:

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。

B. It+系动词+名词(no wander,a pity,an honor)+that从句。如:

It is no wander he was so sad.难怪他这么伤心呢。

C. It+be+v.ed(known,said,expected,thought,reported,etc.)形式+that从句。如:

It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out. 据宣布计划已经顺利实施。D.It seems/happens+that从句

It happened that he passed by the house.碰巧他经过那栋房子。

2.连接代词引导

①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have. 我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。

②who the letter was from is still unknown. 这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。

③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. 你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。

3.连接副词引导

①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear. 针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。

②why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。

宾语从句

引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类:

连接词that,whether,if等,

连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等,

连接副词when,where,why,how等。

1.连接词that,whether,if引导

①I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help. 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。

②I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

【注】whether/if都意为是否。一般情况下,它们可以互换,口语中常用if,但以下情况中,只能用whether。

(1)与or not紧接连用时。如:

Let me know whether or not you can come. 请让我知道你是否能来。

(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如:

We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting. 我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。2.连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等如:

①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她问我班上谁的书法最好。

②I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。

3.连接副词引导when,where,why,how等

①Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?

②I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。

4.宾语从句的语序

在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如:

①He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。5.宾语从句的时态

(1)主现从随意当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。

①She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)

②she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)

③She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)

(2)主过从过当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时,其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。

如:

①He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)

②He said that he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时) ③He said that they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)

(3)真理永存在当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时,其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如:

①The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。

【注】在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点:

(1)动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将that宾语从句后置。

如:

①I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。②I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了惯例。

(2)hate,like,take,owe,have,take for granted等表示―喜欢;痛恨;认为的动词或动词短语和see to表示―注意,留意‖后有宾语补足语时,需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后臵。

如:①I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。

表语从句

常由连接词that,whether;

连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever;连接副词when,where,how,why引导。

【注】1.that引导表语从句时只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,但是不能省略。2.wh-类连词引导的表语从句在从句中充当成分并有实际意义,主要作主语,宾语,表语和状语等。

1.连接词引导

①The reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed. 他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。

②The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。2.连

接代词和连接副词引导

①The problem is who will take charge of this shop. 问题是谁将接管这家店铺。

②That is when I realized the importance of journalism. 那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。【注】(1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面,如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,

feel等。如:

①It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听上去好像有人在敲门。

②At that time,it seemed as though I couldn't think of the right word. 当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

(2)当主句的主语是reason时,表语从句一般由that引导,这种用法常见于句型The reason why…is that…。如:

The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他来得晚是因为起床晚了。

同位语从句

同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词之后,说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,promise,suggestion,order等。

1.通常用连词that引导同位语从句,that无词义,也不作句子成分,但不能省略。注意从句用陈述

句语序。如:

①They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again. 他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。

②I have no idea that she quit her present job. 我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。

③Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. 答应我,你今天晚上会来参加我们的聚会。

2.同位语从句还可以用whether,when,where,why,how等引导。如:

①The student asked me the question whether the book was worth reading. 学生问了我这个问题:这本书是否值得一读。

②I have no idea why he was excited at that time.我不知道当时他激动的原因。

名词性从句需要注意的事项

1.that的用法。在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中that一般不能够省略;在宾语从句中有时可

以省略,一般需要注意下面两点:

(1)当that从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。如:

They share little in common except that they are from the same country. 除了来自同一个国家之外,他们几乎没有共同点。

(2)当主句谓语动词后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他的不省略。如:

I believe(that)you’ve done your best and that things will improve. 我相信你已经尽力了,而且情况也会得到改善。

2.that与what的区别。that在从句中不能够充当句子成分,也没有含义;what可以在从句中作主

语、表语、宾语或定语,意思是”什么,……的事情”。如:

①The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.

他会康复的希望没有消失。(that不充当成分,也无含义)

②Wht he said proved to be true.

他所说的话证明是正确的。(what作said的宾语,可以翻译为―……的话‖)

3.定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制;而同位语从句是对从

句前面的抽象名词作进一步的说明和解释。如:

①The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news)

②The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语)

③I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句,补充说明promise的内容)

④The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈许下了一个令她的孩子们高兴的诺言。(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语)

Unit20

将来进行时

一.将来进行时的基本结构

基本结构是:主语+will be/be going to be +doing

将来进行时的被动结构为:主语+will be/be going to being +done

Don’t phone me between 5and 6. We’ll having dinner then.五点至六点之间不要给我打电话,那时我们正在吃饭。

二.将来进行时的基本用法

1.将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动作。

如:I will be sleeping at 12:00p.m. 十二点的时候我将在睡觉。

I will be studying in university at the age of 20.我20岁的时候我将会在大学里学习。

2.表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。

I will be seeing you next week.我下个星期将见到你。

I’ll be taking my holiday soon.不久我将去度假。

3.有时用将来进行时可使语气更委婉。

Will you be having some tea?喝点茶好吗?

Will you be needing anything else?你还需要其他的什么吗?

将来完成时

一.将来完成时的基本结构

将来完成时的构成方法是“will h ave +过去分词”。

将来完成时的被动结构构成方法是“will have been +过去分词”

Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000. 仅短短5 年时间后,你的钱就会增多94,000 美元。

二.将来完成时的基本用法

1. 表示“将来完成”即表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作。如:When we get there, she’ll have gone to work. 我们到那里时她会已上班去了。

I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. 我预料到明天你就会改变主意了。

2. 表示“持续”即表示某种状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的某一将来时间。如:

We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我们俩结婚就满1年了。

By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years. 到下星期此刻,我就已经为该公司干了24年了。

3. 表示“推测即表示根据某情况作出的推测。如:

That will have been Roland. He said he’d be back at 7. 准是罗兰。他说他7点钟回来。There will have been a definite result before Friday. 星期五以前肯定会有结果。

注意:1.与一般现在时代替一般将来时一样,在表示时间或者条件的状语从句中,通常要用现在完成时来表示将来完成时,而不能直接使用将来完成时。

I will go with you when I have finished my work.等我完成工作之后我就和你去。

三.现在完成时、过去完成时与将来完成时的区别

现在完成时以现在时间为参照点,表示在“现在”以前完成的动作或持续到“现在”的状态;过去完成时则以过去时间为参照点,表示在“过去”某一时间以前发生的动作或持续到“过去”某一时间的状态;将来完成时则以将来时间为参照点,表示到“将来”某一时间为止已经完成的动作或持续到“将来”某一时间的状态。

He has finished writing his novel.他已写完了他的小说。

He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year.到明年底他就写完他的小说了。

He had finished writing his novel by the end of next year.去年年底他就写完他的小说了。

Unit21

混合条件句中的虚拟语气

混合条件句主句是指条件句中含有不同的条件结构,谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句谓语动词所表示的动作并不是同时发生,如一个与过去事实相反,另一个与现在事实相反。在这种条件句中,动词的形式要根据具体情况进行调整。

If you had followed the doctor’s advice (then), you would be all right now.

如果你那时听了医生的话,你现在就好了.

(主句与从句发生的时间不同,应按照主句与从句各自的时间做调整.)

If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better.

如果你再给庄稼多浇些水,他们会长得更好.

(指现在长得更好.)

If you had watered them more, the crops would have grown still better.

如果你早就给庄稼多浇些水,他们就会长得更好

(表示对过去的虚拟)

情态动词

一.定义

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。

二.分类:

情态动词有四类:

①做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might),ought to

②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare

③可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would)

④具有情态动词特征:have(had) to,used to

三.常用情态动词的用法

1.must和have to表示必要性

2.can’t表示不可能,mustn’t表示不允许或禁止

3.don’t have to和needn’t表示没有必要

4.can 和could 表示能力和可能性,还可表示请求允许

5.must,might,could表示猜想和推测

6.may表示可能和允许

四.情态动词+have+过去分词

1. “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。

1). It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。

2). You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。

2. “can’t+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。

1). Mr. Smith can’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。

2). Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。

3. “can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”。

1). There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?

2). There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?

4. “could+have+done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。

5. “may+have+done”表示对发生过去的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。

—What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost.

—乔治发生了什么事?——我不知道,他可能迷路了。

“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。

1). He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。

2). She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。

6.“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。”“shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。

1). Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。

2). Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉。

7. “ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。

北师大版高中英语选修七高二英语答案

高中英语学习材料 madeofjingetieji 桐柏一高中2010年春第一次质量评估 高二年级英语试题参考答案及评分细则 第一部分听力理解:每题小1.5分满分30分 1-----5 BCACB 6-----10 BACAA 11---15 CBCBA 16-----20 CBCAB 第二部分英语知识运用:每小题1分满分35分 21---25 BCCDA 26----30 CDADA 31---35 BABBA 36---40 CABDC 41-----45 DADBC 46---50 DADCA 51---55 DBADC 第三部分阅读理解:每小题2分满分40分 56---59 BCDD 60----63 DCAB 64----67 ABCB 68---70 CDB 71----75 FCAGD 第四部分1、单词拼写:(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) 76. Accuracy 77. trend 78.surrounded 79 embarrassed 80.absence 81. poisonous 82.technical 83.rescue 84.settlers 85.declared 2、短文改错:(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) if改为whether learn前加to 去掉 a hearts改为heart Which改为This or改为and easily改为easy would改为will with改为to still改为yet 3、书面表达(25分) Film or book, which do you prefer? Some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the original. The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story. Besides, the film is usually more interesting, and it is easier to follow. Some others have just the opposite opinion. They think that they can get more detailed information from the original. Meanwhile, the language in the book is possibly more lively and beautiful. Personally, I agree with the second view. Actually I have more reasons for it. I think I can stay at home, reading quietly in a situation of my own, and what’s more, I am able to better understand the author’s ideas. In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.

(完整word)北师版高中英语必修3翻译

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北师版高中英语翻译

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