介词和连词

介词和连词介词是用来表明词与词ˎ句与句之间关系的词。

介词是虚词，不能重读，不能单独做成分，后面一般有名词ˎ代词或相当于名词的其它词ˎ短语或从句做它的宾语。

介词和它的宾语一起构成介词短语，在句中做定语ˎ状语ˎ表语ˎ补足语。

知识点一：.介词的分类1.形式上的分类类别特点例词简单介词由一个词构成at ,about, above , across, after, against, along, among, around, before, behind, below, between合成介词由两个合在一起构成without,within,nearby,inside，throughout, into, onto,outside短语介词由几个介词或一个介词和其它词构成regardless of, because of, thanks to, owing to, as aresult/consequence of, rather than, apart from,except for, but for, in place of, in front of, at thetop/bottom of, on behalf of, in case of分词介词部分动词的-ing用作介词considering, regarding, depending on, concerning, including,2.意义上的分类类别例词时间介词at, in, on, since, for, during, until, till, by, before, after, between, from...to, throughout地点介词at, in , on, around, above, below , over, in front of, behind, inside, outside, beside, next to, close to, near, by, across, opposite, through, within, onto, into, off , towards, to, from... to, among, against(倚靠)原因介词because of, for, at, with, from比较介词as, like, over(超过), to(与...相比)条件介词but for(要不是)，considering(考虑到)，in case of 让步介词despite, in spite of, regardless of其它介词for(支持)，against(反对),without/with(没/有)，besides, except/ but/other than(除了)，instead of,知识点二：常用介词的用法1.at1). 在某处at the corner of the street at the concert at home arrive at the station2). 处于…状态at war at lunch at work at table at a disadvantageat sb/sth’s best/worst3). 在...时刻/钟点/时期/岁at that moment at noon at dawn at dusk at night at sunrise at daybreak at the weekend at the age of at Christmas at 2 o’clock4).以...速度/价格/代价at a speed of 80 kph at full/high speed at a high/low priceat the expense of at a rate of5).at+名词表示“一......就”at the sight of at the sound of at the thought of6).at与动词连用，表示“对/朝/向(目标，方向等) ”aim at laugh at shoot atthrow sth at point sth at7)表示“应......邀请/请求/号召/吩咐”at our request at the chairman’s invitationat one’s command8).与形容词连用，表“因...而”“在...方面”be surprised at sth be astonished at sthbe shocked at be angry at be disappointed at sth be good at paintingbe delighted at the result be impatient at the delay9).其它：call me at 637-22332.in1). 在...时间内in the morning/afternoon/evening in spring/summer/autumn/winterin the fall of 2016 in January2). 在(某段时间)之后in a few days in a month in a week’s time3). 在...空间/范围内in Africa be lying in bed read about the accident in the newspaper4). 处于...状态in good/bad condition in a good state in danger in debtin despair in ruins in trouble in use in operation in preparation in love5). 表示使用语言，材料等say it in English in pencil put it in writing pay in cash speak in a loud voice6). 其它：be dressed in their best clothes in a row three metres in length in tearsin an attempt to in total in comfort in conclusion in consequence in principlein depth in detail in disguise in effect in practice in existence in casein store in person in place in need in demand in order in sight3.on1). (覆盖,附着)在...之上(尤指某物的表面上) on the wall on the Thameson the surface of the lake hit sb on the head2). 表时间，在特定的日子里on Sunday on May the first on the morning of March 8thOn Christmas Day on your birthday on one occasion3). 关于give a talk on the economic situation differ from each other on some important mattersa ban on smoking4). 处于活动或状态中be on business/holiday/vacation a soldier on watch be on fire5). 按照，凭，根据，靠act on his advice live on rice be based on facts6). 就在...之后，一...就(后接名词或动名词) on his arrival/return on arriving homeon hearing the news7). 其它：stand on one foot hang your coat on that hook come on my bike Have you got any money on you be on the committee on our sidetalk on the telephone a town on the coast4.for1). 为了，给，替(表示目的，对象) come here for advice prepare for a meetinga book intended for children a knife for cutting breadHere’s a letter for you wok for IBM2). 历经，计，达(表示时间，距离，数量) The bad weather has lasted for an entire weekwalk for miles3). 支持，赞成Are you for or against the proposal? vote for giving up smoking4). 由于，因为be famous for its hot springs be praised for his good deedsget an award for bravery5). 当做，作为What did you have for lunch? Don’t take him for a foolYou must have mistaken me for Lisa6). 其它：. I’ll swap these two bottles for that one. That’s too much responsibility for a child The box is too heavy for me to lift They are anxious for her safetyShe has an ear for music have a gift for writingfor ever永远地for sale for free/nothing免费for all 虽然，尽管5.by1). 在...旁边，靠近stand by the window Come and sit by me2). 用，靠，通过，借助于(表示方式，手段) by train/air/plane/sea/ship/land/bus/carmake a living by selling newspapers know sb by name pay by chequecontact you by letter or by telephone3). 不迟于，在...之前return the book by FridayBy the time this letter reaches you ,I will have left the country.4). 按照，以(表示数量，尺寸，程度等，单位词前用the) be paid by the day/hoursell it by the meter judge a man by his looks/clothes5) 表示程度，数量The bullet missed him by two inches(子弹以两英寸之差未击中他)He is taller than his father by a head/two centimetersHouse prices went up by 10%6). 表示触及或抓住的人或物的部分take him by the hand seize him by the hairpick it up by the handle7). 其它：be knocked by a bus meet by chance take my umbrella by mistakewith time going by work by candlelight6.against1). 以......为背景，衬托。