2020年高三英语语法讲解及练习题：动词和动词短语

重难点分析对于动词和动词短语，主要考查词义辨析、动词的用法和搭配、一词多义以及在具体语境中正确使用动词短语。

要特别注意一些最常用的词汇如get, make, have, take以及与它们构成的动词短语等。

一、动词分类一览表注意：有些动词是兼类词。

如：We have lunch at 12. (行为动词) / We have been to Japan. (助动词)二、动词短语构成一览表三、常用动词短语归纳常用动词come, go, keep, look, make, put, take, turn, get的相关搭配1. comecome about 发生；造成come across 偶然遇到come after 追踪；跟在……后面come along 一道走；赶快come at 向……扑过来come from 来自come on 跟随；上演；赶快；加油come out 出来；出版；结果是come to (oneself) 苏醒；总共；达到；涉及come to an agreement 达成协议come to a close/an end 终止；结束come to life 活过来come to light 泄露；被发现come to mind 想起；回忆起come to the point (讲话、写文章等)切中要害come to the/one’s rescue 营救；帮助come true 实现；变成现实come up with 想出；提出come into being/existence 出现；开始形成；成立come in 进来；上市；流行起来；(比赛中)得……名次(come in second 得第二名) 2. gogo about 此处走动go after 追赶；追捕；追求go ahead 前进；说吧；走吧；做吧(口语) go all out to do sth. 全力以赴做某事go beyond 超出；超出……的能力go by 从……经过/通过；时间流逝go back to 追溯到；回顾go down 下降；下跌go in for 参与；从事；爱好go into 进入；从事go off 离开某地；爆炸go over 复习；超过期限；审阅；仔细查看go out 熄灭；出去；过时go through 穿过；经受go too far 太过分；走得太远go with 相配(同义词match)go well with 协调；相配go wrong 出错；发生故障go around/round 绕道；四处走动；(故事、消息等)传开；萦绕3. keepkeep away 不靠近；远离keep back 向后退；保留keep in mind 记住；把……记在心里keep in order 保持整齐；使井井有条keep in touch with 保持联系keep one’s ears open 留心细听；倾听keep one’s eyes open 留心；注意keep out 不让入内；不要进来keep out of 不参与；不牵涉进去；置身事外keep quiet 保持安静keep up your courage 鼓起勇气；保持勇气keep up with 跟上keep off 不接近；保持距离；避开；回避(某话题) 4. looklook about/around 四周环顾look after 照顾look ahead 向前看；展望未来look at 看look back 回顾；回过头看look down upon 看不起look down one’s nose at 傲慢；轻视某人look forward to 期待look into 调查look like 看起来像look out (of) 当心；小心；向外看look through 浏览；看穿look up 仰视；查找(字典、电话本等) look up to sb. 尊敬look up and down上下打量(某人) look to 指望；寄望；依靠look on 袖手旁观look over 仔细检查5. makemake sense 说得通；有意义；言之有理make up 构成make up for 弥补；补偿make up one’s mind 下决心；决定make an effort to / make efforts to 努力；尽力make oneself heard 让自己被别人听到make good sense / no sense 有意义/没意义make fun of 嘲笑；取笑be made up of 由……组成/构成make tea/coffee 泡茶/泡咖啡make a living 某人make a difference 有影响；有关系make full use of 充分利用make excuses 超借口；辩解make a contribution to 为……做贡献make a complaint 提出投诉make a deep impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象6. putput away 放好；收起来put aside 放在一边；暂时不做；留出put back 放回原处put down 放下；拒绝；写下来put forward 提出(计划、建议等)put off 推迟；延期；脱掉(衣服等) put into use 投入使用put on 穿上；上演put out 扑灭；吹灭put up 举起；张贴put up with 忍受；忍耐put one’s heart into 全心全意投入put in prison 投入监狱put on weight 增肥put through 做完；完成；接通电话(=get through) 7. taketake away 拿走；带走take back 拿回来take A for B 把A误认为是B take part in 参加take advantage of 利用take care of 照顾take charge of 负责；管理take a chance 碰运气take hold of 抓住；掌握take notice of 留心；注意take the opportunity of 抓住机会take the place of 代替take the risk of 冒……的险take off 脱下；起飞take up 占据(时间、地方等)；从事于take in 吸收；欺骗take in turn 依次take a shower 冲凉take pride in = be proud of 为……感到骄傲8. turnturn against 背叛；反对turn around 转身；转过来turn up 调大声；出现turn down 调小声；拒绝turn on 打开turn off 关掉turn…into… 把……变成……turn in 上交(=hand in)turn out to be 结果是；结局是turn over 翻动；翻过turn to 转向；求助于turn right/left 右转/左转turn away 解雇；把……打发走turn back 折回9. getget accustomed to 习惯于get across 度过；通过；说服；使理解get ahead of 胜过；超过get on/along well with 与……相处融洽get away with侥幸逃脱；避免受罚get away from 拜托get back 取回；回来；报复get down to 认真对待；静下心来get familiar with 熟悉get hold of 获得；取得get into trouble 陷入麻烦get into bad habits 染上恶习get off 下车get on 上车get out of 从……出来get over 越过；克服get ready for 为……作准备get rid of 除去；去掉；免除；摆脱get through 通过；及格；接通get together 积聚；积累get up 起床；起立get used to 习惯于考点练透一、短语翻译根据句意将下列句子划线部分的英文翻译成中文。

1. Striking a proper balance between study and rest keeps us energetic and a healthy diet is useful as well. (翻译：_______________________)2. T hey can’t teach children learning,let alone offering their psychological and moral education. (翻译：_______________________)3. So the whole society should pay special attention to this social phenomenon. (翻译：_________________)4. It is a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal is served. (翻译：_____________)5. Some people say that the key to success is the luck, so they never work hard and of course can only envy others’ success. (翻译：_______________________)6. Just as the famous saying by Einstein goes, success is 99% of hard work and 1% of the fortune. (翻译：_______________________)7. Therefore, I wish all of us achieve success through our hard work! (翻译：_______________________)8. Besides, studying abroad can not only broaden their horizons but also deepen their understanding of the culture and customs in that country. (翻译：_______________________)9. However I think it difficult for them to adapt to the new environment. (翻译：______________________)10. So it would be better to go abroad after they have finished their college at home, when they are more capable of learning and living on their own. (翻译：_______________________)11. As you know, we Chinese take pride in our original hair color and we are fine with it. (翻译：_________)12. In my opinion, those with different hair colors, turning a blind eye to school rules, are not worth learning from because they just want to make themselves noticed. (翻译：_______________________)13. It is known to us that nowadays middle school students are diligent in their studies for the prosperous future of their motherland. (翻译：_______________________)14. No pain, no gains. Therefore I’d like to say to those who’d like to cheat in exams, “Get down to work now and don’t cheat you rself any mor e.” (翻译：_______________________)15. Thousands of trees have been cut down per year, so in return soil is becoming more and more barren (贫瘠的), and meanwhile, the air is getting worse and worse. (翻译：_______________________)16. We are supposed to live harmonious with nature. (翻译：_______________________)17. I am writing you a letter in order to apply for a position in your company. (翻译：___________________)18. Li Ming is very strict with herself in her work and daily life, and is always ready to help other people. (翻译：_______________________)19. My own experience can also well illustrate the importance of praise. (翻译：______________________)20. I began to put my heart into study, listening attentively in class and finishing my homework on time. (翻译：_______________________)21. I strongly suggest that all of us try to spot others’ strong points and not be mean with our praise. (翻译：_______________________)二、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。