旅游英语

考试题型Definition:5分*8(下定义)Question and answer:5分*6(简答题)Translation:30分(翻译)英译中unit2\unit7\unit12Unit1 What is tourism?1、Domestic tourism:Internal tourism plus inbound tourism(the tourism market of accommodation facilities and attractions within a coutry).2、National tourism:Internal tourism plus outbound tourism(the resident tourism market for travel agents and airlines).3、Outbound tourism:Visits by residents of a country to another country.4、Inbound tourism:Visits to a country by nonresidengts.5、Grand tour:Tour of certain cities in western Europe undertaken primarily,but not exclusively,for education and pleasure.It spanned from 16th to 19th Centuries.It includes 5W:who—British aristocracy;when—from16th to19th Centuries;where—certain cities in Western Europe;what—travel;why—for education and pleasure.6、WTO:World Tourism Organization7、Why is it difficult to come up with a definition of tourism that can be universally accepted?①In the first place,tourism is the sum of activities,services and industries that delivers a travel experience.②Secondly,it includes all providers of visitor and visitor-related services.③Thirdly,it is the entire world industry of travel,hotels,transportation,and all other components,such as promotion,marketing planning.④And finally,it is the total of tourist expenditures within the borders of a nation or a political subdivision,etc.⑤In brief,the multidimensional aspects of tourism and its interactions with other activities make it rather difficult to come up with a universally accepted definition.8、Which two elements are important for tourism to get started in Greek time?Large claustrophobic cities and the means to escape from them(transportation).9、Which two factors lead to the emergence of mass tourism?Technologically in the field of transportation;and in the existence of a critical facilitating force,entrepreneurship—in the person of Thomas Cook.Unit 2 Economic impact of tourism?1、Multiplier:A ratio used to estimate total economic effect for a variety of economic activities.2、Tourism multiplier:It refers to the benefits that other industries can get from tourism.As tourists spend money on local hotels,restaurants,transportation,handicrafts and souvenirs as well as other forms of services,the businesses will respend the money which they have received from tourists.They use the money to purchase equipment,to pay employees,to pay rent,interest and taxes,to pay supplier for goods and services.The recipient then will respend the money they have received for their expenditure .3、MPC边际消费倾向:Marginal Propensity to ConsumeUnit 3 The retail travel trade1、Familiarization trip熟悉异地观光旅游:It is a trip ,usually for a few days,organised specially for travel agency staff.For example,a group of travel agents may be invited by the owner of a hotel in York to spend one or two evenings there,sampling the accommodation and learning about the facilities on offer.The hotelkeeper hopes that the travel agents will be impressed,and will remember the hotel and recommend it to their customers.2、Business house agency商务旅行社:Some travel agencies make their living by selling their travel only to businesses,rather than members of the general public.3、How did travel agency make a living?They make their living through commissions so that the more they sell,the more commission they earn.Unit 5 Tourism attractions and facilities1、Tourist attraction旅游景点:Any facility or event which attracts visitors to a particular place.Attractions come in many forms and may be either natural or man-made.2、Living museumThe museums where actors and actresses in costumes meet the public and play the roles of characters from the past,in attempts to make the exhibits come alive for visitors. A good example of this is the Jorvik Viking Center in York.3、Hatfield houseIt is situated 20 miles north of London.The home of Cecil family,this house,dating from Jacobean times is popular with the visitors who tour the lavishly decorated state rooms.4、Which three trends concerning built attractions were prevalent in UK in the late 20th century?Please cite examples to illustrate.①One marked trend in tourism industry is that built attractions are becoming more sophisticated and exciting places to visit;②another trend is that more places are being open to the public as tourist attractions,although the original purpose for which they were built had nothing to do with tourism.For instance,some churches,temples and cathedrals all over the world have come to serve a dual function as both the places of worship and as attractions for visitors.③More recently,people become more and more interested in attractions which show them at work,or familiar objects being manufactured.For instance,in the Edinburgh Crystal factory,visitors are shown around by a guide and they see the famous Edinburgh Crystal glassware being manufactured in red-hot ovens.Unit 6 Tourism and related services1、Franchising:It refers to authorization granted to someone to sell or distribute a company’s goods or service in a certain area.2、B&B:Bed and Breakfasts.It is often a private home and includes a room to sleep in as well as breakfast.It is small business.3、Benefits of franchising to franchiser and franchisee?For franchisers:Conserve cash and expand rapidly.For franchisees:①Receive a known “name”,the knowledge,advice,and assistance of a proven operator;②Spread the costs of promotion,advertising and reservation systems.4、Benefits of B&B to its owner and travelers?B&Bs provide the best possible avenue for travelers of all ages and locations to experience firsthand the lifestyles in areas of the country previously unknown to guests.The B&Bs host can become an area’s best ambassador.Unit 7 HR issues1、Which four beliefs concerning human resource in tourism industry were commonly held,accord to researcher Choy?①Tourism generates primarily low-skilled jobs;②Tourism generates low-paying jobs;③Tourism jobs do not offer high levels of job satisfaction;④Tourism offers limited opportunities for advancement for local residents.2、Which factors concerning industrial structure result in low payment in tourism industry?①Small unit structure of the industry;②Fluctuation波动 in levels of business activity;③Cost pressures included by competition;④A reliance on vulnerable脆弱的 and so-called “marginal不重要的,少量的”workers.翻译1 Nearly 6 million Americans were employed directly in the travel industry in 1992,making the industry the second largest employment in the country,following only health service.1992年,大约有600万美国人从事于旅游业,从而使这个行业成为仅次于卫生业的第二个雇佣员工最多的产业Travel industry employment has grown 56.3 percent in the past 10 year—over twice the growth rate for all U.S. industry.在过去的10年里,旅游业的就业比例增加了56.3%--这一数字是所有美国行业同类指数的两倍还多.Travel and tourism in 1993 were once again the nation’s leading export,generating ＄75 billion in expenditures from 46 million international visitors,while the 45 million Americans traveling abroad only spent ＄53 billion,creating a ＄22 billion surplus as international visitors spent more money here than Americans spent abroad.1993年,旅行和旅游业再次成为美国的出口大户,4600万国际旅行人员消费了750亿美元;而450万在国外旅游的美国人仅花掉了530亿美元,从而创下了220亿美元的盈余.2 For most tourists the quality of their experience is reliant to a large degree on the interactions they will have with the front-line staff in the travel and tourism industry.对大多数游客而言,,旅游经历的质量在很大程度上取决于和旅游业一线员工的交往.Indeed,within an industry that is characterized by diversity and heterogeneity in terms of the purpose,size,ownership and demands of the enterprise,the only real point of the homogeneity is delivering service to customers and the need to manage people in such a way that they offer a quality service.的确,在一个以各企业的宗旨,规模,所有制和要求各不相同为特色的行业,唯一真正的共同之处就是要为顾客提供服务和管理人员,使他们提供高质量的服务.The corollary of this would be the belief that such front-line staff would therefore be sufficiently well paid,trained and motivated to offer outstanding service.由此可见,要提供出类拔萃的服务,这样的一线员工应是工资丰厚、训练有素而工作积极的.The reality,however,is that often such staff have the lowest status,are the least trained,and are the poorest paid employees of the company.然而,事实上这样的员工常是该公司中地位最低、受训最少、工资最微薄的雇员.3 An ironic situation is now developing in national parks in association with tourism.国家公园眼下正出现一种和旅游业有关的出乎意料的局面.While tourism is indeed promoted,the focus of attention is shifting towards the “protection”mandate as opposed to use.尽管旅游业的发展的确得到了促进,但关注的焦点却正在向“保护”这一需要而不是使用这一需要转移. Yet,given the rising pressures of financing many park systems,increasingly more tourism is being targeted as the preferred solution.然而,鉴于许多公园系统所面临的日益严峻的资金压力,人们越来越相信增加旅游量是这个问题首选的解决办法.Conflict over park mandates is avoided since the type of tourism now being encouraged is that classed under the labels of “sustainable”, “responsible”and “environmentally conscious”.而如今所鼓励发展的旅游业是归于“可持续的”、“负责的”、“注重环境的”这些类别之下的,这样就避免了公园的需求中存在的矛盾.In consideration of the probability that tourist interest in visiting national parks will diminish in the near future,attention must shift towards how tourism,in line with sustainability principles,is planned,developed and managed to suit national park environments.考虑到在不远的未来游客们对游览国家公园的兴趣可能会减退,必须把关注的重点转移到如何根据可持续性的原则来规划、开发和管理旅游业,以适应国家公园的环境.Unit 81、Public policyIt is “Whatever governments choose to do or not to do”.A policy is deemed a public policy not by virtue of由于 its impact on the public,but by virtue of its source.2、Tourism public policyIt is whatever governments choose to do or not to do with respect to tourism.3、Public policy is studied for primarily 3 reasons.What are they?①scientific reasons学术原因;②professional reasons职场原因;③political reasons政治原因4、Concerning academic学术的 study of public policy.How is it studied?Public policy can be viewed as a dependent variable ,or an independent variable.If policy is viewed as a dependent variable,the critical关键的 focus for inquiry调查 becomes “What socio-economic and political system characteristics operate to shape the content of policy”.If it is viewed as an independent variable,then the central question becomes what impact public policy has on society and on the political system.5、Which 4 constraints限制 are confronted遭遇 by public policy research?①The lack of consensus意见一致concerning关于 definition of fundamental基本的 concepts概念;②The lack of recognition认识 given to tourism policy-making processes决策过程 and the consequent lack of comparative data and case studies;③The lack of well-defined analytical分析的 and theoretical frameworks构架;④The limited amount of quantitative and qualitative data.Unit 111、Ecotourism生态游Low impact nature tourism which contributes to the maintenance维持 of species物种 and habitats栖息地 either directly through a contribution to conservation and indirectly by providing revenue 收入 to the local community社区 sufficient足够的for local people to value,and therefore protect,their wildlife heritage area as a source of income.2、Nature tourismEncompasses围绕all forms of tourismmass tourism群体旅游,adventure tourism,low-impact touriam,ecotourism—which use natural resources in a wild or undeveloped form—including species,habitat,landscape风景,scenery风景and salt and fresh-water features特征.Nature tourism is travel for the purpose of enjoying undeveloped natural areas or wildlife.3、What do soft dimension and hard dimension of nature tourism refer to?They were based on the physical rigor严格 of the experience and also the level of interest in natural arman and Durst suggested that scientists would in most likelihood be more dedicated than casual in their pursuit工作 of ecotourism,and that some types of ecotourists would be more willing to endure hardships艰难 than others in order to secure获得 their experiences.4、Which three elements differentiate ecotourism from other forms of nature tourism?①educative;②sustainable可持续的;③ethical道德的Unit 121、Which two documents were issued by Lanzarote conference ?①Charter 宪章 for Sustainable Tourism;②The Sustainable Tourism Plan of Action 行动纲领2、Which three research themes did papers of Lanzarote conference center on ?①tourists themselves;②the effects of tourists on destinations;③transportation.Unit 131、Leisure①Time outside of a formal employment situation;②Time over and above that devoted to necessary household chores;③Time outside sleeping,eating and personal hygiene 保健 functions;④Time at the disposal 处置 of the individual;⑤Time when an individual has the freedom to choose what to do.2、Which 6 factors might influence leisure activities ?①availability of leisure time;②income;③personal mobility 运输;④culture and demography 人口统计数据;⑤provision 供应 of facilities;⑥long-term changes in society.3、What is the relationship between leisure and tourism ?Tourism is divided into leisure tourism and business tourism.Leisure tourism includes ①holidays,②VFR(visiting friends and relative),③health and fitness,④sport,⑤education,⑥culture and religion 宗教,⑦social and spiritual 精神上的.Unit 141、Sport tourismIt falls into two categories 种类,travel to participate in 参加 sport and travel to observe sport 。