初中英语句子成分的划分及练习
初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案

句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如:(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)(2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语)(3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)(二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)We study hard. (行为动词作谓语)We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)We often help him.(代词作宾语)He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
初中英语划分句子成分练习题及答案

初中英语划分句子成分练习题及答案1.We always work hard at English.2.He said he didn't come.3.They love each other.4.What did you bye?5.She watched her daughter playing the piano.6.your job today is to help the old.7.Speaking doesn't mean doing.8.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.9.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.10.It takes me an hour to get there.答案:1.We always work hard at English。
——————————————主语状语谓语状语状语2. He said he didn't come.———————————————主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语3.They love each other.——————————主谓语宾语4.What did you bye?————————宾助动词主谓5.She watched her daughter playing the piano. —————————————————————主谓宾宾语补足语6.your job today is to help the old.——————- ——————————主定语系动词表语7.Speaking doesn't mean doing.————————————主谓宾8.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left. —————————————————————————时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语9.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of ———————————————————————————————主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语their marriage.————————10.It takes me an hour to get there. ————————————————形式主语谓语宾语真正主语。
初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案

初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案句子成分是指句子中各个部分的语法作用和关系。
英语句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
下面是一些初中英语句子成分的练习及答案。
练习一:1. The cat chased the mouse.2. My sister is a doctor.3. The boy with the red hat is my friend.4. She sings beautifully.5. The teacher gave us a lot of homework.请判断每个句子中的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
答案:1. 主语:The cat;谓语:chased;宾语:the mouse。
2. 主语:My sister;谓语:is;宾语:a doctor。
3. 主语:The boy;谓语:is;定语:with the red hat;宾语:my friend。
4. 主语:She;谓语:sings;状语:beautifully。
5. 主语:The teacher;谓语:gave;宾语:us;定语:a lot of;宾语补足语:homework。
练习二:1. The tall man in the blue shirt is my father.2. The dog barked loudly at the mailman.3. My mother cooked a delicious dinner for us.4. The students are studying hard for the exam.5. The sun sets in the west.请在每个句子中找出主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
答案:1. 主语:The tall man in the blue shirt;谓语:is;宾语:my father。
2. 主语:The dog;谓语:barked;状语:loudly;宾语:at the mailman。
初中英语句子结构成份讲解及专项练习(含答案)

英语句子成分划分详解(一)主语:就是一个句子陈述的对象,或是动作的执行者。
它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。
如:我看书。
谁看书?“我”。
“我”就是这句子的主语。
主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。
(如动词不定式,动名词,代词都可作主语,主语从句)主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book.(主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)谓语:说明主语是什么,干什么,怎么样。
它回答的是主语“干什么,是什么”的问题。
如上句中主语“我”干什么?“看书”。
“看书”就是谓语。
一个句子,一般都可分成主、谓两大部分(祈使句是省主句)。
再细分又可分成谓语(动词)、宾语,表语,补语(包括宾补和主补),定语,状语,同位语等。
如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语(看)和宾语(书)。
谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词,要么是行为动词,要么是系动词,不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。
句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。
谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.He is asleep.宾语:指谓语动词所涉及的对象,由名、代、数,宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当,但人称代词要用宾格。
如:还说上例。
谓语动词是“看”,看什么?看“书”,“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象,是“看”的宾语。
需要说明的是:只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。
初中英语句子成分讲解简单明了附练习答案

初中英语句子成分一.句子的成分:句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分,即:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、补足语、定语、状语等。
主要成分:主语和谓语句子的成分次要成分:表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等(一)主语:主语是一个句子的主要成分,也是句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。
一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。
注意:在there be结构、疑问(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语动词、助动词例如:Tom is a good boy. (名词)We often speak English in class. (代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式)Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词)The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语,真正的主语是不定式)(二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
说明主语“做什么”、Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”,一般由动词或动词短语来充当,一般放在主语之后。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
谓语的构成如下:1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
例如:I like apples. ( 动词)He practices running every morning. (动词短语)2.复合谓语:(1)由(情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形)构成;例如:You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.(2)由(系动词+表语)构成。
(完整版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案

(完整版)初中英语句⼦成分讲解_练习及答案句⼦成分及基本句型⼀、考点、热点回顾【句⼦的成分】在英⽂中句⼦成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补⾜语等。
(⼀)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表⽰所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
⼀般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句⾸。
如:(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)(2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语)(3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)(⼆)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语(谓语部分⾥主要的词)必须是动词。
谓语和主语在⼈称和数两⽅⾯必须⼀致。
它在主语后⾯。
如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语⼀起作谓语)We study hard. (⾏为动词作谓语)We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和⾏为动词⼀起作谓语)He can speak English. (情态动词和⾏为动词⼀起作谓语)(三)宾语宾语是动作、⾏为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词⼀起说明主语做什么。
⼀般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)We often help him.(代词作宾语)He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听⾳乐。
初中英语划分句子成分习题(精排)

11. We always work hard at English.主语状语谓语状语状语12. He said he didn't come. 主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语13. They love each other.主谓语宾语14. What did you buy?宾助动词主谓15. She watched her daughter playing the piano.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语16. Your job today is to help the old.主语定语系动词表语17. Speaking doesn't mean doing.主语谓语宾语18. Bye the time I got to the station, the train had left.时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语19. The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语20. It takes me an hour to get there.形式主语谓语宾语真正主语划分句子成分练习题(2)(一) 指出下例句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(二)选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨ He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩ Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book(三)挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done his homework.A B C D② People all over the world speak English.A B C D③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D④ How many new words did you learn last class?A B C D⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?A B C D⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A B C D⑦ They made him monitor of the class.A B C D⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.A B C D⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.A B C D⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.A B C D(四)挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired.A B C D② Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D③ The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B C D⑤ She was the first to learn about it.A B C D(五) 挑出下例句中的定语① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A B C D② What is your given name?A B C D③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A B C D(六) 挑出下例句中的宾语补足语① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.A B C D② He asked her to take the boy out of school.A B C D③ She found it difficult to do the work.A B C D④ They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C D⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?A B C D(七)挑出下例句中的状语① There was a big smile on her face.A B C D② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.A B C D④ The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.A B C D⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.A B C D⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.A B C D⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.A B C D⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.A B C D(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me?划分句子成分练习题(2)参考答案(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧ C ⑨ A ⑩ A(三) ① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤ B ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D ⑨ A ⑩ D(四) ①D ②B ③D ④C ⑤B(五) ① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B ⑥ D(六) ① C ② C ③ C ④ C ⑤ D ⑥ B(七) ① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D(八) ① us, 间接宾语a story, 直接宾语② me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③ us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④ Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤ me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语。
初中英语划分句子成分详解及练习

初中英语划分句子成分详解及练习1.主语:A、句首的人或物作主语:He is a student. My clothes are out of style.B、There be 后的人或物作主语。
There are many people in the park.C、It is +adj +for sb +to do sth 中It 作形式主语,to do sth作真正主语D It takes sb some time to do sth 中It 作形式主语,to do sth作真正主语F、Jim, a famous singer, will come to our school next week.中a famous singer作同位主语。
2、谓语:BE动词,实义动词,情态动词+动词作谓语;A、They are in the same school.B.He goes to the movie every week .C.I will go skating tomorrow.They can play football.3.宾语:动词后的人或物作宾语。
分为宾语,直接宾语(物),间接宾语(人),形式宾语(It)A.I have to look after my mother .B. The teacher will take them away.C.My father bought me a bike on my 15th birthday. 句中me作间接宾语,a bike作直接宾语D.Mr zhang teach us English . 句中us作间接宾语,English作直接宾语※find it +adj+for sb +to do sth 中,it 作形式宾语。
E. I found it difficult for me to learn math well.句中it作形式宾语,difficult作宾语补足语。
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for (predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)
和补语
(complement)。
d 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
oo 掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
g 英语五种基本句型列式如下:
ing at a 1
thin 4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。 e 5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。 m 6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说:"早上好!" o 7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 s 8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。 for 基本句型 四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
d 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give 给,pass 递,bring 带,show 显示。 oo 这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位 g 于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如:Give me a re cup of tea,please. a 强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如:
ing at a 2
thin There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。 e 数词作定语相当于形容词: m Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 o The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。 s There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。 r 代词或名词所有格作定语: fo His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要 Tom 的钢笔。 d His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。 oo There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有 Tom 家的两个男孩。 g 介词短语作定语: re The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 a The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
Show this house to Mr.Smith.
ing 若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如:Bring it to e me,please. b S │V(及物)│ o(多指人) │ O(多指物) ir 1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。 e 2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。 th 3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。 in 4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。 s 5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片 g 6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。 in 7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 th 8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。 All 基本句型 五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 S │V(是系动词)│ P
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good.
午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell │in love.
他堕入了情网。
4. Everything │looks │different.
一切看来都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong.
他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
re 一: S V (主+谓)
二: S V P (主+系+表)
a 三: S V O (主+谓+宾)
ing 四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
e 五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
ir b 基本句型 一:S V (主+谓)
e 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如 boy),主格代词(如 you),动词不定式,
a 5. Who │cares?
管它呢?
e 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
tim 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly
这支笔书写流利。
基本句型 二: S V P (主+系+表)
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个 9 岁的,三个 10 岁的男孩。
ing 名词作定语: e The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。 b It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。 ir There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。 e 副词作定语: th The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 in The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是 Tom。
I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路. S │V(及物)│ O(宾语) │ C(宾补) 1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。 2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色 3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。 4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。 5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想? 6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去 7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。 8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
th S │ V (不及物动词)
ll 1. The sun │was shining.
太阳在照耀着。
A 2. The moon │rose.
月亮升起了。
d 3. The universe │remains.
宇宙长存。
n 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分 不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。 这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语 (主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。我们称之为:定语、状语
一、 定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常 用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰 some,any,every,no 构成 的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句 作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。 形容词作定语: The little boy needs a blue pen.(little 修饰名词 boy;blue 修饰名词 pen.)/小男孩需要 一支兰色的钢笔。 Tom is a handsome boy./Tom 是个英俊的男孩。
nd 此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能 a 表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
e 宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上 tim 的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。
名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士. 名词/代词宾格 + 形容词 New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松. 名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语 I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作. 名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式 The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户. 名词/代词宾格 + 分词
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个 there 无实意,后一 个 there 为副词‘那里’。
基本句型 三: S V O (主+谓+宾) 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不
能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类 动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成 宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them 等 S │V(及物动词)│ O 1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案? 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。 3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。