西安交大翻译硕士真题
2022西安交通大学翻译硕士考研真题考研经验考研参考书
西安交通大学翻译硕士考研真题经验参考书目录第一章考前知识浏览1.1西安交通大学招生简章...................... 1.2西安交通大学专业目录........................1.3西安交通大学翻译硕士专业历年报录比....... 1.4西安交通大学翻译硕士初试科目解析......第二章翻译硕士专业就业前景解读2.1西安交通大学专业综合介绍................. 2.2西安交通大学专业就业解析................. 2.3西安交通大学各方向对比分析.......第三章西安交通大学翻译硕士专业内部信息传递3.1报考数据分析..............3.2复试信息分析..............3.3导师信息了解........第四章西安交通大学翻译硕士初试专业课考研知识点4.1参考书目分析..........4.2真题分析................4.3重点知识点汇总分析（大纲）....第五章西安交通大学翻译硕士初试复习计划分享5.1政治英语复习技巧5.2专业课复习全程详细攻略5.3时间管理策略及习题使用第六章西安交通大学翻译硕士复试6.1复试公共部分的注意事项6.2复试专业课部分的小Tips【学校简介】西安交通大学（Xi’an Jiaotong University）简称西安交大、西交大，位于古都西安，是中华人民共和国教育部直属、中央直管副部级建制的综合性研究型全国重点大学，由教育部与国家国防科技工业局共建，位列世界一流大学建设高校A类、国家“七五”“八五”重点建设高校、国家“211工程”首批重点建设的七所高校、“985工程”首批重点建设的九所高校，“珠峰计划”首批11所名校之一，“2011计划”牵头高校，首批学位授权自主审核单位，入选首批卓越工程师教育培养计划、111计划、国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目、教育部来华留学示范基地、全国深化创新创业教育改革示范高校，九校联盟、中国大学校长联谊会、全球能源互联网大学联盟、中俄交通大学联盟、CDIO工程教育联盟成员，新丝绸之路大学联盟发起高校。
陕西西安交通大学研究生入学考试英语真题
陕西西安交通大学研究生入学考试英语真题考试时间：2022年5月15日考试地点：陕西西安交通大学一、听力测试（共30分）本部分共分为三个小节，每个小节均包含一道长对话和两篇短文。
请听清题目后，从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确答案。
小节一：1. What does the woman want to do?A. Get a refund for the book.B. Buy another book.C. Borrow a book from the library.2. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Take a taxi to the office.B. Drive to the office herself.C. Take a bus to the office.小节二：3. Why is the man disappointed?A. He didn't pass the exam.B. His presentation was not successful.C. The project deadline was postponed.4. What does the woman advise the man to do?A. Review the material again.B. Ask the professor for help.C. Attend more seminars.小节三：5. What does the man offer to do for the woman?A. Help her with her homework.B. Drive her to the airport.C. Accompany her to the concert.6. What does the woman think of the concert?A. She is excited about it.B. She heard it is not worth attending.C. She hasn't made up her mind yet.二、阅读理解（共40分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确答案。
2003年西安交通大学工程硕士英语考试卷A
2003年西安交通大学工程硕士英语考试卷（A）Time Limit: 3 hoursPart I: Structure and VocabularyDirections: In this section there are 40 sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to each one.1. It was only when we could n‘t see that island that we realized we‘d been off______ days.[A] direction [B] option [C]route [D] course2. He ______ to the warm welcome given him by sending the general a silvertray.[A] responded [B] replied [C] answered [D] appealed3. I‘m sure that most athletes will ______ of the new rules on drug testing[A] agree [B] condemn [C] confuse [D] approve4. It has been so cold in the region that farming has been ______ most of thetime.[A] beside the question [B] beyond question[C] out of the question [D] in question5. Not ______ with having upset my parents with his rudeness, he then wentand insulted my sister![A] satisfactory [B] satisfying [C] content [D] convenient6. He was still a leading member of the local organization, and so he was much______.[A] looked down on [B] looked back on[C] looked forward to [D] looked up to7. Every 15 minutes, the sun delivers to the earth enough radiant energy to meetall o f man‘s power needs for a(n) ______ year.[A] full [B] lunar [C] solar [D] normal8. It is quite customary in the United States for students and others to ask foradvice about personal matters that in other ______ might be considered only ‗within the family.‘[A] circumstances [B] blocks[C] cultures [D] environments9. Every effort will be made to satisfy your requirements at the earliest date______.[A] practicable [B] practical [C] timely [D] likely10. ______ this large town was a small village.[A] Scarcely [B] Frequently [C] Formally [D] Formerly11. Sarah is very good-looking and I wouldn‘t mind going out with her if shedidn‘t ______ herself so much.[A] think[B] surprise [C] fancy [D] realize12. ______ it is a good thing I did not get the post I had applied for, though Imust admit that I was disappointed at the time.[A] By the way [B] In a way [C] In the way [D] On the way13. We don‘t know of course what the cost of living may be in five years‘ time,but ______ I can see, we‘ll be able to live comfortably enough on our pensions.[A] as far as [B] as a whole [C] on the whole [D] as long as14. Colour-blind people often find it difficult to ______ between blue and green.[A] separate [B] distinguish [C] compare [D] contrast15. These plastic flowers look so ______ that many people think they are real.[A] beautiful [B] comparable [C] natural [D] distinct16. A jet plane is an important means for transportation, which flies faster thansound. ______ it is used for rapid transportation.[A] Constantly [B] Considerably[C] Comparatively [D] Consequently17. Now that we have a higher family ______ we‘ll be able to move to a biggerhouse.[A] wage [B] income [C] earnings [D] salary18. It isn‘t quite ______ that the police will find the people responsible for theattack.[A] certain [B] right [C] sure [D] exact19. She‘s right, ______, because we did agree to wait, b ut only until June.[A] at a loss [B] for the better[C] once in a while [D] in a sense20. On the ______ of those facts, we can reach the following conclusion.[A] basis [B] principle [C] condition [D] theory21. The players are speaking and moving ______ the director‘s instructions.[A] by way of [B] in favor of [C] but for [D] according to22. She is ______ her knowledge of plants again.[A] showing off [B] coming off [C] showing up[D] coming up23. I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and catch the earlytrain to London.[A] could sleep [B] could have slept[C] might sleep [D] might have slept24.He was accompanied by his faithful friend and secretary, Mr. William Minns,______.[A] he never traveled without him [B] without who he never traveled[C] without him he never traveled [D] without whom he never traveled25. Instead of being a useful member of the community ______ he used to be, heis now idling away his time gambling.[A] like [B] similar to [C] as [D] the same as26.Of course, she behaved awfully, but ______, she is your sister.[A] after all [B] above all [C] all in all [D] overall27.My room isn‘t big enough to acco mmodate so many people and your roomisn‘t ______.[A] also [B] either [C] too [D] neither28.I am busy at work now. I would rather you ______ this evening.[A] will come [B] are coming [C] come [D] came29.Although the town has been attacked by the storm several times, ______ wasdone.[A] a few damages [B] few damages[C] little damage [D] a little damage30.It‘s no good ______. You just have to put up with all these.[A] complained [B] complaining[C] to complain [D] to be complaining31.He suggested ______ a lecture given by Professor White on Englishlanguage learning.[A] my attending [B] me attending[C] my to attend [D] me to be attending32. In Great Britain, there are newspapers ______ pages are largely filled withnews of sports and stories of film stars.[A] which [B] that [C] what [D] whose33. The agent must have been annoyed, or he ______ his temper then.[A] wouldn‘t have lost[B] wouldn‘t lose[C] shouldn‘t have lost [D] shouldn‘t lose34. Professor Smith ______ about him and he pretended not to mind.[A] heard the students to talk[B] heard the students talking[C] heard the talk by the students[D] heard the students talked35. It is because he is t oo young ______ he doesn‘t understand it.[A] so [B] so that [C] now that [D] that36.I remember ______ to help us if we ever got into trouble.[A] once offering [B] her once to offer[C] her once offering [D] once to offer37F rank ly, I‘d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.[A] didn‘t do [B] don‘t do [C] shouldn‘t do[D] wouldn‘t do38. He finds it difficult ______ himself to the climate here.[A] accustomed [B] to adapt [C] get used [D] applying39. Lily has done just as much ______.[A] like what she was told to [B] as she was told to[C] as to what she tried to do [D] like she was taught to40.It‘s no use ______ me not to worry.[A] you tell [B] your telling[C] for you to have told [D] having toldPart II: Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part, you’ll read five passages. After each passage, there are four questions for you to answer, please mark your answers on youranswer sheet.Passage OneSome students at the Open University left school 20 years ago. Others are younger but all must be at least 21 years old. This is one example of how the Open University is different from all other universities. Its students must either work full-time or be at home all day. For instance, mothers of families do not have to pass any examinations before they are accepted as students. This is why the university is called ‗open‘. The university was started in order to help a known group—people who missed a university education when they were young.The first name for the Open University was ‗The University of the Air‘. The idea was to teach ‗on the air‘, in other words on radio and television. Most of the teaching is done like this. Radio and television have brought the classroom into people‘s h omes. But this, on its own, is not enough for a university education.The Open University student also receives advice at one of 283 study centres in the country, 36 weeks of the year he or she has to send written work to a ‗tutor‘, the person who guides his or her studies. The student must also spend 3 weeks every summer as a full-time student. The tutor and students meet and study together, as in other universities. At the end of the Open University‘s first year, the results were good, 3 out of every 4 students passed their examinations. If they do this every year, they will finish their studies 4 or 5 years.41. The purpose of the Open University is to ________.[A] help the young to go to school[B] help those who missed the chance to study when they were young[C] help those who want to study[D] help those who do housework42. The students of the Open University have their education ________.[A] through many kinds of examinations[B] with their written work only[C] both at home and at some study centres[D] with the help of their family friends43. The word ―tutor‖ in the second paragraph means ―________‖.[A] the person who inspects the students‘ studies[B] the person who is in charge of the various kinds of exams[C] the person who is to help the students to get through the exam[D] the person who checks the students‘ work at home44. Which of the following is implied but not stated?[A] The Open University has become popular all over the world.[B] Every country needs such a university.[C] Everyone wants to go to such a university.[D] The Open University really benefits a lot those who once lost the chanceto have university education.Passage TwoFrom the beginning rivers have played an important part in the life of man. Primitive man used rivers as a means of travel.In ancient times, man settled near rivers or on river banks and built up large empires and civilizations. Rome today still stands on both sides of the Tiber. The Menam runs through modern Bangkok, still serving as a great waterway for the transport of goods and people.Water is Nature‘s most precious gift to man. Man needs water to irrigate hiscrops, to cook and to wash. In nations far and wide rivers mean life and wealth. The Irrawady, Nile, Ganges and a host of others feed and clothe the nations around them. A shortage of water in heavily populated agricultural areas will cause great hardship and starvation as crops fail.Water is also a source of energy and power. Man constructs huge dams across rivers to control the water for irrigation and obtain the energy needed to drive generators. The electric power is then channeled to homes, cities, factories, television stations and the military.Man uses billions of litres of water each year. His main source of water comes from reservoirs which in turn obtain water from the rivers.45. This passage is mainly about ______.[A] rivers [B] dams [C] nature [D] buildings46. A heavily populated agricultural area is one where ________.[A] there are more factories than farms[B] people suffer and starve[C] too many farmers live close to one another[D] only a few farmers live47. In heavily populated agricultural areas, when crops fail _______‘[A] everybody takes to water sports [B] the people starve[C] a shortage of water will help [D] more energy will be used48. Energy is obtained from rivers by ________.[A] building bridges across them[B] channeling them into homes and factories[C] driving generators into them[D] building dams across themPassage ThreeMost London colleges have a library, with a full-time or part-time librarian, who will be able to give students information on the facilities available for consulting of borrowing books. In addition, the Public Libraries give a valuable service to students attending colleges, evening classes or working on their own. Public Libraries are maintained by the City Corporation and thevarious London Borough Councils. They will be helpful to students who wish to further their studies by using the comprehensive library services available in the metropolitan areas. These libraries have over five million books in stock, the majority of which are for loan, and there is a system of interavailability of lending-library tickets which extends throughout the metropolitan area.Reference Departments are provided for the use of those who wish to consult books and periodicals in the library, or heavy publications such as encyclopedias that cannot be taken out on loan.Public library stocks are of a general nature, covering all subjects, many of them to higher degree standard or beyond. In addition, each public library in the metropolitan area specializes in a group of interrelated subjects and, through the cooperation between various libraries, their combined resources are made generally available. Moreover, through the inter-lending system of the British Library, it is usually possible for books not available in London public libraries to be obtained from specialist libraries. Music stocks, for example, include music writings and frequently records. Full details of these various services can be obtained from the Central Library in each area. Addresses and telephone numbers are listed in the London telephone directory.49. The Public Libraries referred to in the passage offer _______.[A] opportunities for students to attend Further Education[B] opportunities for students to further their studies[C] assistance towards the maintenance of students in the London BoroughCouncils[D] assistance to students who work in their local council50. From the information given we understand that students ________.[A] may only borrow books from their local library[B] must have special tickets to borrow books from another library[C] may lend their tickets to students in other libraries[D] may use their tickets to borrow books from other libraries51. In order to help students further, a system exists, by which ________.[A] books on certain subjects can be borrowed from specialist libraries[B] each library agrees to specialize in one subject[C] a group of libraries agree to specialize in one subject[D] records are made of books on specialist subjects52. The passage tells us that there is ________.[A] one central library for all areas[B] a library in the centre of each area[C] a central library in each area[D] more than one central library in each areaPassage FourThough some people have suggested that women should return tohousework in order to leave more jobs for men, the idea has been rejected by both women and men in public opinion polls.Lately some union officials have suggested that too many women are employed in types of work more suitable for men, and that women should step aside to make way for unemployed young men. They argue that women –especially women in their childbearing years actually delay economic development and result in lower productivity, poor quality and inefficiency.To solve the problem, they have suggested that the workingwomen stay at home while their husbands or brothers were given double wages. They argue that under these circumstances, families would retain their same level of income, and women could run the house and raise children much better.The suggestion has been flatly rejected by 9 out of ten people polled. A hundred persons in a big city were questioned last summer. Out of 50 women, 46 said they were unwilling to leave their jobs, no matter what the situation. The other 4 said they would like to return home if their jobs could be taken by their sons or daughters. Of 50 men polled, only 6 said they would like to see their wives resign their jobs, if it means higher wages for themselves.Some other people have sugge sted another way called ―phased employment‖ theory. The theory suggests that a woman worker take leave from her job when she is seven months pregnant (怀孕) and stay off the job until her baby reaches the age of 3. It suggests that women on leave receive 75 percent of their normal salary and be allowed to return to work after the 3-year period. This will benefit children, women, their families and the society. Some of those polled, both women and men, felt the idea is a good one. It definitely seems to be more acceptable than the suggestion that women return to home forever.53. Some union officials have suggested that women should return home because______.[A] all of them are employed in unsuitable types of work[B] most skilled male workers are now unemployed[C] their participation in work has a bad influence on the economicdevelopment[D] nowadays no one can take care of children except women54. According to the passage, the suggestion that women should return tohousework was ______.[A] opposed by most men and women[B] welcomed by men only[C] welcomed by women only[D] welcomed by both men and women55. From the passage we can see ―phased employment‖ means ―______‖.[A] two or more women share the same job[B] women are allowed to take leave from their jobs during their childbearing years[C] a women should resign her job forever if she has a child[D] women stay at home on weekdays and go to work on weekends or holidays56. According to the ―phased employment‖ theory, during a woman‘s lea ve fromher job ______.[A] her work should be done by her husband or brothers[B] either her husband or brothers will be given double wages[C] her family can still keep the normal level of income[D] her family‘s income level will be a little lower than it normally is Passage FiveInterviews may be carried out in a one-to-one situation; or a group of interviewers may interview a single candidate; or a single interviewer may interview a group of candidates. Each type of interview has its advantages and disadvantages.The one-to-one interview is the most common. It has the advantage of being the most natural situation. It is easier to build up a relationship with the candidate; he will feel at ease and will answer questions more fully and more naturally. In this way the interviewer is likely to find out a good deal about the candidate. In particular he will be in a good position to find out whether or not he would want the candidate to work with him or under him. These advantages carry with them certain disadvantages. The interviewer may be so strongly affected by his own feelings that he is unable to assess the candidate fairly. The interview may be so relaxed that the interviewer forgets to explore certain areas; it may turn into a conversation about topics of mutual interest. The candidate himself or the interviewer‘s organization is likely to feel that the procedure is somewhat unfair; a prospective employee ought not to be accepted or rejected on the basis of an interview with just one person. And, of course, unless the interviewer is highly skilled, the candidate and the organization are right –because the best people are not necessarily going to be selected. The procedure might then be altered to include additional one-to-one interviews.The next most common type of interview is the Board interview. This is usually adopted by large organizations in order that the selection procedure shall be seen to be fairer to candidates andso that people who are selected reach some kind of common standard. It also hassome other advantages. It is more likely for a Board to cover all relevant areas simply because members keep a critical eye on one another.57. In the one-to-one interview the interviewer can get much information aboutthe candidate because ______.[A] they can concentrate on topics of mutual interest[B] the interviewer can take notes of whatever the candidate tells him[C] the candidate is likely to answer questions more fully in a natural situation[D] the interviewer can last as long as the interviewer wishes58. The writer suggests that when the one-to-one interview method is used, inorder to be fairer ______.[A] both the interviewer and the candidate should take the interview seriously[B] more than one one-to-one interview should be held for a single candidate[C] the interview‘s organization should accept only the best people[D] the interviewer should not build up a good relationship with the candidate59. The writer thinks that ______.[A] the one-to-one interview is much better than the Board interview[B] the Board interview is much better than the one-to-one interview[C] both methods mentioned above have more advantages and disadvantages[D] it is hard to say which method, the Board interview or the one-to-oneinterview60. The best title for this passage would be ______.[A] The Interview as a Method of Assessment[B] How to Assess a Candidate Fairly[C] The Best Procedure to Select and Employee[D] The Advantages and Disadvantages of the one-to-one InterviewPart III: ClozeDirections: Choose the best answer for each blank in the following passage from the choices given afterwards.The industrial societies have been extremely productive during the last two centuries. The economic advance has been 1 . During this 2 short period of time, greater changes in people‘s 3 have occurred than in the thousands of years which 4 . From about 8000. B. C., when the agricultural 5 of the human race began, 6 1776 A. D., the beginning of the American Revolution, people 7 hardly any richer at all. The Americans of1776 used the same energy 8 as the Romans of 1 A. D. Both the ancient Romans and Americans of 200 years ago could travel about the same short distance in a day. Both had about the same annual income and the same life 9 . During the past 200 years the world population has increased 6 times, the annual world 10 has increased 80 times, and the distance a person can travel has 11 1,000 times. There has also been much recent progress 12 art, culture, learning, and science. Such changes have 13 a high rate of production and 14 of the economy. Economists fear that within the next 100 to 150 years, the earth's 15 will become very 16 . Their fears are partly 17 , but we should not be afraid. Industrial civilization 18 new knowledge. By advancing knowledge, we not only 19 new forms of resources, 20 we also find ways to economize their use. Advanced modern knowledge can feed the hungry people of the world and improve their standard of living.1. [A] particular [B] excellent [C] remarkable [D] excessive2. [A] considerable [B] relatively [C] roughly [D] normally3. [A] arrangements [B] orders [C] ways [D] conditions4. [A] preceded [B] exceeded [C] proceeded [D] introduced5. [A] time [B] era [C] cycle [D] century6. [A] to [B] in [C] at [D] on7. [A] went [B] developed [C] returned [D] grew8. [A] origins [B] stores [C] potential [D] source9. [A] year [B] period [C] span [D] spell10. [A] harvest [B] output [C] production [D] outcome11. [A] amounted to [B] gone up [C] built up [D] grown up12. [A] in [B] on [C] about [D] at13. [A] reduced to [B] brought up [C] led to [D] turned out14. [A] influence [B] independence [C] impact [D] growth15. [A] resources [B] sources [C] materials [D] minerals16. [A] scarce [B] rare [C] inferior [D] little17. [A] unreasonable [B] excused [C] convinced [D] justified18. [A] applies [B] refers to [C] adapts to [D] adopts as19. [A] realizes [B] creates [C] substitutes [D] brings20. [A] besides [B] and [C] but [D] anyhowPart IV: TranslationRouting buying undoubtedly has some advantages for the customer. It saves a lot of trouble and avoids the risks that are always associated with any kind of change. The customer who stays with one supplier receives the goods to which he is accustomed and on the same terms. But this principle seldom serves the cause of progress if the first purchase was a mistake which he now repeats again and again. And a decision that was the right one five years ago, can be the wrong one today. The human need for stability and routine is also inclined to lag behind the new developments, improvements and changes which are so typical of our times. Nevertheless, this attitude has prevented many manufacturers and dealers from introducing valuable innovations. If the customer resists an offer due to the force of habit, the new supplier will have little chance of success, or will have to invest expenditure and effort out of all proportion to the risk involved. For this reason many excellent inventions have never been put on the market; they were nipped in the bud, because potential investors could see all the difficulties awaiting them, such as the force of habit and the public‘s mistrust of anything new.Part V: WritingDirections:You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title―Advances in Science and Technology‖. You should base your essay on theoutline below.Outline:1. 科学技术的发展是重要的。
西安外国语大学翻译硕士考试试题
西安外国语大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题科目：翻译硕士英语（代码：211）A卷注意事项：1. 请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。
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3. 请在专业答题纸上的规定区域清楚地填写自己的姓名和准考证号码。
4. 请按照考题顺序在专业答题纸上依次作答，在试卷上答题无效。
5. 本科目总分为100分，答题时间为3小时，请掌握好答题时间。
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Task One: Vocabulary and Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: This section is designed to test your ability to interpret the meanings of words in different contexts. Read each of the following sentences carefully and select one word or phrase from the four choices that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in each sentence, and then write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (20%)1. Psychologists have done extensive studies of how well patients comply with doctors orders.[A] obey [B] understand[C] improve with [D] agree with2. Stars are composed of intensely hot gases and derive their energy from nuclear reactions occurring in the interiors.[A]extremely [B]uniformly[C]explosively [D] continually3. From1775 to 1776 the Americans undertook an unsuccessful campaign against the British in Canada.[A] wage [B] headed[C] Paid for [D] attended to4. Because of its old mannerisms, the praying mantis has always intrigued human beings.[A]fascinate [B]aggravated[C]offended [D]terrified5. Industrial self-sufficiency in the United States developed simultaneously with the mass production of textiles in New England.[A]smoothly [B]concurrently[C]effectively [D]spontaneously6. The initial appearance of the silver three-cent piece coincided with the first issue of three-cent stamps in 1851.[A] occurred at the same time as [B] collided with[C] was necessitated by [D] was similar to7. Chicago’s O’ Hare International Airport accommodates forty-four million passengers per year.[A] amazes [B] lures[C] handles [D] counts8. Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urban affairs.[A] outlandish [B] exclusive[C] exempted [D] remote9. The introduction of the bus signaled the eventual demise of the trolley car asa form of travel.[A] designation [B] mechanization[C] disappearance [D] friskiness10. In Silent Spring, Rachel Carson forcefully decried the indiscriminate use of pesticides.[A] haphazard [B] unpleasant[C] regional [D] periodic11.After its founding, the United States government followed a policy explicitly designed to aid national shipping.[A] prematurely [B] economically[C] specifically [D] proudly12.Before social inequality can be alleviated, its principal causes must be diagnosed.[A] denounced [B] relieved[C] analyzed [D] controlled13. Astronauts are subjected to the most rigorous training that has ever been devised for human beings.[A] demanded [B] created[C] diagnosed [D] allowed14. Weight lifting is the gymnastic sport of lifting weights in a prescribed manner.[A] vigorous [B] popular[C] certain [D] careful15. Project Skylab was designed to demonstrate that a person can work and live inspace for prolonged periods without ill effects[A] unexpected [B] obvious[C] adverse [D] immediate16. Plays that entail direct interaction between actor and audience present no unusual difficulties for actors.[A] advocate [B] involve[C] elicit [D] exaggerate17. Since speech is such a familiar activity, it is often regarded as a universal endowment.[A] event [B] habit[C] trait [D] gift18. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.[A] rebuild [B] invade[C] dominate [D] tend19. In North America, the first canoes were constructed from logs and propelled by means of wooden pad.[A] carved [B] docked[C] driven forward [D] carried upright20. United States citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining incidence of tooth decay.[A] treatment [B] consequences[C] occurrence [D] misfortuneSection BDirections: In each of the following sentences, some part of the sentence or the whole is underlined. Rephrase the underlined part so as to express most effectively what is presented in the original sentence. Your correction should be dear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity or redundancy. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10%)21. Credit cards are now accepted in exchange for many goods and services around the world and in some countries, like the Americans, is used even more widely than cash.22. Scholars recognized immediately that thelanguage experiments in Finnegan’s Wake are different than any other novel.23. When it rains outside, most parents prefer small children to play indoors.24. Required by law to register by the end of the year, the post office was crowded with legal aliens attempting to comply with the law before the deadline.25. In the past few years, significant changes have take place in the organization of our economy that will profoundly affect thecharacter of our labor unions as well as influencing consumer and industrial life.Task Two: Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Read the following two texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]; write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%)Text1The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first clothed our bodies for some physical reason, such as protecting ourselves from theelements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty, taboo, magical influence, or the desire to please. Anthropological research indicates that the function of the earliest clothing was to carry objects. Our hunting-gathering ancestors had to travel great distances to obtain food. For the male hunters, carrying was much easier if they were wearing simple belts or animal skins from which they could hang weapons and tools. For the female gatherers, more elaborate carrying devices were necessary. Women had to transport collected food back to the settlement and also had to carry babies, so they required bags or slings.Another function of early clothing-providing comfort and protection—probably developed at the same time as utility. As human beings multiplied and spread out from the warm lands in which they evolved, they covered their bodies more and more to maintain body warmth. Today, we still dress to maintain warmth and to carry objects in our clothes. And like our hunting-gathering ancestors, most men still carry things on their person, as if they still needed to keep their arms free for hunting, while women tend to have a separate bag for carrying, as if they were still food-gatherers. But these two functions of clothing are only two of many uses to which we put the garments that we wear today.There is a clear distinction between attire that constitutes “clothing” and attire that is more aptly termed “costume”. We might say that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume concerns the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular purpose. Clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile, while costume reflects social factors such as personal status, religious beliefs, aesthetics, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate others.Even in early human history, costume fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility. Costume helped to impose authority or inspire fear. A chieftain’s costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. Costume often had a magical significance such as investing humans with the attributes of other creatures through the recent times, professional or administrative costume is designed to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority. Costume communicates the status of the wearer, and with very few exceptions, the aim is to display as high a status as possible. Costume denotes power, and since power is often equated with wealth, costume has come to be an expression of social class and material prosperity.A uniform is a type of costume that serves the important function of displaying membership in a group: school, sports team, occupation, or armed force. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended not only to express group membership but also to protect the body and to intimidate.A soldier’s uniform says. “I am part of a powerful machine, and when you deal with me, you deal with my whole organization.” Uniforms are immediate beacons of power and authority. If a person needs to display power—a police officer, for example—then the body can be virtually transformed. Height can be exaggerated with protective headgear, thick clothing can make the body look broader and stronger, and boots can enhance the power of the legs. Uniforms also convey low social status; at the bottom of the scale, the uniform of the prisoner denotes membership in the society of convicted criminals.Religious costume signifies spiritual or superhuman authority and possesses a significance that identifies the wearer with a belief or god.A successful clergy has always displayed impressive investments of one kind or another that clearly demonstrate the religious leader’s dominant status.26. According to the passage, what aspect of humanity’s hunting-gathering past is reflected in the clothing of today?[A]People cover their bodies because of modesty.[B]Most men still carry objects on their person.[C] Women like clothes that are beautiful and practical.[D]Men wear pants, but women wear skirts or pants.27. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?[A] Clothing serves a physical purpose, while costume has a personal, social, or psychological function.[B] We like clothing to fit our body well,but different costumes fit differently depending on the purpose.[C] Both clothing and costume are types of attire, but it is often difficult to distinguish between them.[D] People spend more time in choosing special costumes than they do in selecting everyday clothing.28. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the author most likely believes whichof the following about costume?[A] We can learn about a society’s social structure by studying costume.[B] Costume used to serve a simple function, but now it is very complex.[C] The main purpose of costume is to force people to obey their leaders.[D] Costume is rarely a reliable indicator of a person’s material wealth.29. Why does the author discuss the police officer’s uniform in paragr aph 5?[A] To describe the aesthetic aspects of costume.[B] To identify the wearer with a hero.[C] To suggest that police are superhuman.[D] To show how costume conveys authority.30. All of the following are likely to be indicated by a person’s costume except[A] playing on a football team.[B] being a prisoner[C] having a heart condition.[D] leading a religious ceremony.Text2The founders of the Republic viewed their revolution primarily in political rather than economic or social terms. And they talked about education as essential to the public good—a goal that took precedence over knowledge as occupational training or self-improvement. Over and over again, the Revolutionary generation, both liberal and conservative in outlook, asserted its conviction that the welfare of the Republic rested upon an educated citizenry and that schools, especially free public schools, would be the best means of educating the citizenry in civic values and the obligations required of everyone in a democratic republican society. All agreed that the principal ingredients of a civic education were literacy and the inculcation of patriotic and moral virtues, some others adding the study of history and the study of principles of the republican government itself.The founders, as was the case of almost all their successors, were long on exhortation and rhetoric regarding the value of civic education, but they left it to the textbook writers to distill the essence of those values for school children. Texts in American history and government appeared early as the 1790s. The textbook writers turned out to be very largely of conservative persuasion, more likely Federalist in outlook than Jeffersonian, and almost universally agreed that political virtue must rest upon moral and religious precepts. Since most textbook writers were New Englanders, this means that the texts were infused with Protestant and, above all, Puritan outlooks.In the first half of the Republic, civic education in the schoolsemphasized the inculcation of civic values and made little attempt to develop participatory political skills. That was a task left to incipient political parties, town meetings, churches, and the coffee or alehouses where men gathered for conversation. Additionally, as a reading of certain federalist papers of the period would demonstrate, the press probably did more to disseminate realistic as well as partisan knowledge of government than the schools. The goal of education, however, was to achieve a higher form of un um for the new Republic. In the middle half of the nineteenth century, the political values taught in the public and private schools did not change substantially from those celebrated in the first years of the Republic. In the textbooks of the day, their rosy hues if anything became golden. To the resplendent values of liberty, equality, and a benevolent Christian morality were now added the middle-class virtues—especially of New England—of hard work, honesty and integrity, the rewards of individual effort, and obedience to parents and legitimate authority. But of all the political values taught in school, patriotism was preeminent; and whenever teachers explained to school children why they should love their country above all else, the idea of liberty assumed pride of place.31. The passage deals primarily with the[A] content of early textbooks on American history and government.[B] role of education in late 18th- and early to mid-19th-century America.[C] influence of New England Puritanism on early American values.[D] establishment of universal, free public education in America.32. According to the passage, the founders of the Republic regarded education primarily as[A] a religious obligation. [B] a private matter[C] a matter of individual choice. [D] a political necessity.33. The author states that textbooks written in the middle part of the nineteenth century[A] departed radically in tone and style from earlier textbooks.[B] mentioned for the first time the value of liberty.[C] treated traditional civic virtues with even greater reverence.[D] were commissioned by government agencies.34. Which of the following would LEAST likely have been the subject of an early American textbook?[A] the American Revolution.[B] patriotism and other civic virtues[C] principles of American government.[D] vocational education35. The author implies that an early American Puritan would likely insist that[A] moral and religious values are the foundation of civic virtue.[B] textbooks should instruct students in political issues of vital concern to the community.[C] textbooks should give greater emphasis to the value of individual liberty than to the duties of patriotism.[D] private schools with a particular religious focus are preferable to public schools with no religious instruction.Section BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%)The Greenhouse Effect and Global WarmingCarbon dioxide and other naturally occurring gases in the earth’s atmosphere create a natural greenhouse effect by trapping and absorbing solar radiation. These gases act as a blanket and keep the planet warm enough for life to survive and flourish. The warming of the earth is balanced by some of the heat escaping from the atmosphere back into space. Without this compensating flow of heat out of the system, the temperature of the earth’s surface and its atmosphere would rise steadily. Scientists are increasingly concerned about a human-driven greenhouse effect resulting from a rise in atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping greenhouse gases. The man-made greenhouse effect is the exhalation of industrial civilization. A major contributing factor is the burning of large amounts of fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Another is the destruction of the world’s forests, which reduces the amount of carbon dioxide converted to oxygen by plants. Emissions of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, and methane from human activities will enhance the greenhouse effect, causing the earth’s surface to become warmer. The main greenhouse gas, water vapor, will increase in response to global warming and further enhance it.There is agreement within the scientific community that the buildup of green house gases is already causing the earth’s average surface temperature to rise. This is changing global climate at an unusually fast rate. According to the World Meteorological Organization, the earth’s average temperature climbed about 1 degree F in the past century, and nine of the ten warmest years on record have occurred since 1990. A United Nations panel has predicted that average global temperatures could rise as much as 10.5degrees F during the next century as heat-trapping gases from human industry accumulate in the atmosphere.What are the potential impacts of an enhanced green house effect? According to estimates by an international committee, North American climatic zones could shift northward by as much as 550 kilometers (340miles). Such a change in climate would likely affect all sectors of society. In some areas, heat and moisture stress would cut crop yields, and traditional farming practices would have to change. For example, in the North American grain belt, higher temperature and more frequent drought during the growing season might require farmers to switch from corn to wheat and to use more water for irrigation.Global warming may also cause a rise in sea level by melting polar ice caps. A rise in sea level would accelerate coastal erosion and inundate islands and low-lying coastal plains, some of which are densely populated. Millions of acres of coastal farmland would be covered by water. Furthermore, the warming of seawater will cause the water to expand, thus adding to the potential danger.Global warming has already left its fingerprint on the natural world. Two research teams recently reviewed hundreds of published papers that tracked changes in the range and behavior of plant and animal species, and they found ample evidence of plants blooming and birds nesting earlier in the spring. Both teams concluded that rising global temperatures are shifting the ranges of hundreds of species—thus climatic zones—northward. These studies are hard evidence that the natural world is already responding dramatically to climate change, even though the change has just begun. If global warming trends continue, changes in the environment will have an enormous impact on world biology. Birds especially play a critical role in the environment by pollinating plants, dispersing seeds, and controlling insect populations; thus, changes in their populations will reverberate throughout the ecosystems they inhabit.36. According to the passage, how do carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases affect the earth-atmosphere system?37. What can e inferred from paragraph 3 about global climate change?38. According to paragraph 4, what is one effect that climate change could have on agriculture in North America?39. What evidence does the author give that climate zones have shifted northward?40. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by writing THREE sentences that express the most important ideas in the passage.Scientists are concerned about the greenhouse effect and its role in global warming.Task Three: Composition WritingDirections: Read the following essay question carefully, formulate a title based on the question and write a 400-word composition on the Answer Sheet. (35%)“Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the key to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience.西安外国语大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题汉语写作与百科知识（代码：448）A卷注意事项：1. 请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。
西交大-硕士英语综合教程2译文
硕士综合英语教程2Unit 1成功机构，以人为本“我们公司的经营模式是公司和每一位员工共同成功，绝不落下任何人，这也是成功经营一个企业的典范……”——霍华德·舒尔茨1.英特尔公司奉行它。
微软、摩托罗拉、戈尔、西南航空公司、班杰瑞、惠普、林肯电气以及星巴克也都奉行它。
它是什么？它就是这些公司所奉行的“以人为本”的策略。
2.越来越多的例子证明，成功的组织都是以人为本的。
为什么？因为精明的经理人们已经认识到他们企业的员工才是它们唯一真正的竞争优势。
竞争者可以在产品、工艺、选址、销售渠道等诸多方面与其不相上下，但却很难效仿的是拥有一支由专业素质高和工作动机强的人组成的劳动力队伍。
几乎在所有的行业，那些成功的公司之所以超越它们的对手们，主要的区别就在于他们所能够得到和留住想要的人。
3.哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。
它们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。
第二，它们具有家庭氛围。
公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。
第三，它们对员工培训进行投资。
这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。
这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺，而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。
第四，以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。
它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。
4.那些奉行以人为本的组织拥有一支更敬业、更忠诚的工作团队。
因而这样的团队精神转化成了高生产率和工作满意度。
这些员工会愿意做出更大的努力——为了准确彻底地完成他们的工作，他们会全力以赴。
我们来看一看其中的一个因奉行“以人为本”而取得成功的公司：星巴克。
星巴克的卓越成就5.让你在咖啡中醒来！——星巴克无处不在。
作为世界首屈一指的专业咖啡零售商，星巴克在世界上30多个国家开设和授权开设了8000多家咖啡店。
这些咖啡店销售各种各样的咖啡饮品、食物、咖啡及咖啡用品。
翻译硕士考试样题及参考答案
翻译硕⼠考试样题及参考答案全⽇制翻译硕⼠专业学位（MTI）研究⽣⼊学考试⼤纲总则全国翻译硕⼠专业学位教育指导委员会在《全⽇制翻译硕⼠专业学位研究⽣指导性培养⽅案》（见学位办[2009]23号⽂）中指出，MTI教育的⽬标是培养⾼层次、应⽤型、专业性⼝笔译⼈才。
MTI教育重视实践环节，强调翻译实践能⼒的培养。
全⽇制MTI的招⽣对象为具有国民教育序列⼤学本科学历（或本科同等学⼒）⼈员，具有良好的双语基础。
根据《全⽇制翻译硕⼠专业学位研究⽣指导性培养⽅案》以及教学司[2009]22号⽂件精神，现制定全⽇制翻译硕⼠专业学位研究⽣⼊学考试⼤纲。
.⼀、考试⽬的本考试旨在全⾯考查考⽣的双语（外语、母语）综合能⼒及双语翻译能⼒，招⽣院校根据考⽣参加本考试的成绩和《政治理论》的成绩总分（满分共计500分），参考全国统⼀录取分数线来选择参加复试的考⽣。
⼆、考试性质与范围本考试是全国翻译硕⼠专业学位研究⽣的⼊学资格考试，除全国统考分值100分的第⼀单元《政治理论》之外，专业考试分为三门，分别是第⼆单元外国语考试《翻译硕⼠X语》（含英语、法语、⽇语、俄语、韩语、德语等语种），第三单元基础课考试《X语翻译基础》（含英汉、法汉、⽇汉、俄汉、韩汉、德汉等语对）以及第四单元专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》。
《翻译硕⼠X 语》重点考查考⽣的外语⽔平，总分100分；《X语翻译基础》重点考查考⽣的外汉互译专业技能和潜质，总分150分；《汉语写作与百科知识》重点考查考⽣的现代汉语写作⽔平和百科知识，总分150分。
（考试科⽬名称及代码参见教学司[2009]22号⽂件）三、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的外语基本功，掌握6,000个以上的选考外语积极词汇。
2. 具有较好的双语表达和转换能⼒及潜质。
3. 具备⼀定的中外⽂化以及政治、经济、法律等⽅⾯的背景知识。
对作为母语（A语⾔）的现代汉语有较强的写作能⼒。
四、考试时间与命题每年1⽉份举⾏，与全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学考试同步进⾏。
西安交大版硕士英语课后翻译(整理版)
Unit 1(1) The fascination generated by exploration will inspire our young people to study math, science and engineering, and create a new generation of innovators and pioneers.(2) Upon returning to England, he employed the favorable media attention as a launching pad for his foray into politics.(3) Owning to the nature of every growing business, you will need to be on the go constantly, and also be on the go prepared to work shift work, including nights and weekends.(4) In Australia, gasoline prices have retreated, although falls have been limited because of the weakness of the Australian dollar against its American counterpart.(5) The Asian economy has presented a positive trend. Some countries have overcome the impact of the financial crisis and revived development. Asia has once again become the spotlight of global economic growth.(6) China’s accession to the WTO can promote not only the development of Chinese economy, but also that of the world economy and will inject new impetus into the progress of Asian economy and world economy.(7) The growing quantity of information, couple with the development of technologies, erable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.(8) The future is something which everyone reaches at the rate of sixty minutes an hour, whatever he does, whoever he is.哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。
(NEW)西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
![(NEW)西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/82af719bda38376bae1fae22.png)
目 录2010年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2010年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Task One: Vocabulary and Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: This section is designed to test your ability to interpret the meanings of words in different contexts. Read each of the following sentences carefully and select one word or phrase from the four choices that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in each sentence, and then write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20 %)1．The invention of the thermometer is attributed to Galileo.A. chargedB. givenC. toldD. credited【答案】D【解析】句意：温度计的发明归功于伽利略。
be credited to把……归功于。
2．When an aircraft travels at subsonic speeds, the sounds that it generates extend in all directions.A. createsB. manufacturesC. powersD. spawns【答案】A【解析】句意：当一架飞机以亚音速飞行时，它发出的声音会传向各个方向。
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2017西安交大mti英语三科完整版回忆
一．翻译硕士英语: 试卷共16页翻硕英语今年题型有变化，第一部分原先的30分单选题变成了两篇完型填空，每篇15个空，1空1分，考查的知识点和原先单选差不多，有词汇辨析，连词，介词选择，等。
第一篇完型是有关目前中国越来越多的人通过做整骨手术来提升身高，不是特别难。
第二篇没太看懂，不过填空也不算很难。
第二部分阅读，共40分，前两篇客观阅读，每篇文章10个选择，共20分，非常简单，第一篇阅读讲的是美国五大湖区的亚洲鲤鱼泛滥，对当地生态造成威胁。
第二篇讲的是提高急重病人的医疗条件。
第三篇主观阅读，有5个匹配题，就是给文章任意地方挖5个空，然后后面给5个选项匹配，还有三个文中词语解释，最后两个问答。
这篇应该讲的是美国中的少数族裔在美国的一些问题，不是很难，主要是解释词语略难。
第二篇阅读讲的是不确定性的问题，两个题，第一题中分成5问，问答，第2题是让你用自己的语言解释文中5个句子，这篇阅读很难。
第三部分写作，首先给了你一篇谷歌利用人工智能辅助翻译的文章，让你写一个100字左右summary,10分。
然后是让你根据问题写一篇关于机器翻译的文章。
问题有:1你知道现在机器翻译的应用范围有多广，运用在哪些方面 2有人说未来机器翻译会代替人工翻译，谈谈你的看法。
3谷歌中的技术如何影响到如今的机器翻译。
要求文章不少于300字，比较简单。
总的来说今年基础英语挺难的。
二.英语翻译基础 1词条互译 a汉译英:1君子合而不同 2礼尚往来 3民以食为天 4天下兴亡，匹夫有责 5海阔凭鱼跃，天高任鸟飞 6苟利社稷，生死以之 7胚胎干细胞 8彩超9临终关怀 10办公自动化 11慢性腹泻 12战略合作伙伴关系 b.英译汉:1domino effect 2Justice has long arms. 3Procrastination is the thief of time. 4A hedge between keeps friendship green. 5Plato is dear to me,but dearer still is the truth 6Reading make a full man,conference a ready man,and writing an exact man.
7cerebral concussion 8obsessive compulsive disorder 9embryonic stem cell 今年英汉互译很多谚语，较难。
段落英译汉第一篇是讲创新意识的，比较简单，第二篇是医学专业英语阅读二分册第8单元药物中b阅读里的给药途径原文节选，比较简单，然而有几个词还是想不起来，汉译英第一篇是讲如何运转一个好的科研实验室，简单，第二篇是关于亚健康定义，简单。
段落翻译不难，今年英语翻译基础总体难度适中。
三.汉语写作与百科知识名词解释有20个共50分。
1十圣2无人机遥感技术3自闭症4华佗5佛教四谛6癌症7呼吸系统8细胞9伊斯兰国10五伦11性格12过敏反应13团队14一带一路 15五脏 16唐三彩 17神舟十一号载人飞船难度还好，就是十圣和佛教四谛不知道。
应用文是老周上初二的女儿娜娜被同班几个女同学欺凌致死，老周来报案，要为女儿讨回公道，作为接办案件的南陀街道派出所办案民警王警官要写一个案件调查报告，要求写出标题，发文字号，主送单位，正文，结尾，落款，不少于400字，共40分。
这个不难大作文给了一段材料，材料大意是某高校外国语学院专门为mti开了一间自习室，自习室中放有扫帚等清洁工具，自习室墙上也贴有请保持自习室卫生的标识，但是三个月过去后，自习室里的垃圾桶里堆满了垃圾，室内也满是垃圾，询问mti在读生为何不打扫，有的学生说
他们交学费了，自习室应该由保洁打扫，有的学生说他们没有自习过，不应该打扫，还有学生说打扫卫生又不加学分，有那时间不如多翻译几篇文章，为自己简历增色。
要求根据这段材料自选立意，角度，写一篇现代语作文，不少于800字，60分。
大作文很好写，角度很多，我写的是重视道德作用。
百科知识与写作有难度。
今年总体感觉基础英语最难，其次英语翻译基础，百科知识与写作相对容易。