American Indians Today
unit 3 American identity 1 英美国家概况
'I Have a Dream': The Speech
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⒈Many Blacks were elected to important offices in States ⒉Many laws were passed to eliminate racial discrimination, and Southern racism was soon in full retreat ⒊There are thousands of black millionaires, not only athletes and entertainers, but also in business and other professions
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By the 1800s, the southern states had stopped the slave trade, but there were nearly a million slaves on the plantations of the South, and the U.S. Constitution had not changed their status.
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The U.S. Constitution 1865
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Slave family picking cotton near Savannah, Georgia, in the early 1860s.
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The dominant whites in most of the South were still finding ways of excluding black citizens from real equality
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美国国务卿克里在印度排灯节庆祝活动英语演讲稿
美国国务卿克里在印度排灯节庆祝活动英语演讲稿Ladies and Gentlemen,It is an absolute pleasure to be among you all today as we celebrate the beautiful festival of lights, Diwali. I am honored to have been given this opportunity to speak to the people of India, who have always shared their warmth and hospitality with me.As we gather here today, we are reminded of the rich and vibrant traditions of this land and the cultural diversity that India boasts. Diwali, also known as Deepavali, is a festival that symbolizes the victory of light over darkness, good over evil, and knowledge over ignorance. It is a momentous occasion for the Indian community around the world and an opportunity to come together and spread the message of love and unity.For centuries, India has been known for its diverse and thriving culture, and the festival of Diwali only adds to its charm. From lighting diyas in homes, exchanging greetings and sweets, to bursting crackers, this festival is celebrated with great zeal and enthusiasm. It is a time when families come together, friends unite, and communities strengthen their bonds.The United States and India share a strong bond of friendship, and it is no secret that the Indian American community is one of the fastest-growing communities in the United States. This community has contributed significantly to the social, cultural and economic fabric of America. It is heartwarming to see that the Indian American community upholds their cultural values and traditions even while living abroad. It is festivals like Diwali that serve as animportant reminder of the cultural heritage that we must cherish.As we celebrate Diwali today, let us also remember the values that this festival embodies. Let us take inspiration from the victory of good over evil and let us strive to spread positivity and kindness wherever we go. Let us take pride in our diversity and embrace it as a strength. And, most importantly, let us reach out to those who are less fortunate and ensure that we share our light with them as well.Let me conclude my speech by once again thanking you all for having me here today. As we light the lamps and illuminate our surroundings, let us also light up our hearts with the spirit of Diwali. I wish you all a happy Diwali and hope that the festival fills your lives with joy and prosperity.Thank you.。
The Literature of Colonial America
• All contributed to the forming of the American civilization, but the colonies that became the first United States were for the most part English sustained by English traditions, ruled by English laws, supported by English commerce, and named after English monarchs and English lands: Georgia, Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, New York, New Hampshire and New England.
The Literature of Colonial America
1607-1765
The Colonial Settlement
The first known and sustained contact between the Americans and the rest of the world began with the famous voyage of an Italian explorer, Christopher Columbus in 1492, funded by the Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella. Columbus’s journal printed in 1493 is the first sighting of American land. • After that, many European settlers came to American continent. The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniard, Italians, and Portuguese. Frenchmen settled in the Northern Colonies and along the St. Lawrence River, Swedes along the Delaware, Dutch along the Hudson, Germans and Scotch-Irish in New York and Pennsylvania, and the Spanish in Florida. There were Negroes in New England, the Middle Colonies, and throughout the south; and American Indians were everywhere. •
American Indians 美国印第安人
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The Traditional culture of Oglala Lakota
Family is of utmost importance to the Oglala Lakota, with loyalty to the tribe coming in close second. Each family had one or more tipi households. The women were critical to the family's life: they made almost everything the family and tribe used.
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Brief introduction
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Brief introduction
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Brief introduction Oglala flag
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The history of Oglala Lakota
The Oglala Lakota, along with the six other groups of Lakota, had separated from each other by the early 19th century. By 1830, the Oglala had around 3,000 members. In the 1820s and 1830s, the Oglala, along with the Brulé another Lakota band, , and three other Sioux bands, formed the Sioux Alliance. This Alliance attacked surrounding tribes for territorial and hunting reasons.
大学英语六级听力题目答案及原文第2套甄选.
大学英语六级听力题目答案及原文第2套Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.C)The man's switch to a new career.D) The restructuring of her company.2. A) Talented personnel.B) Strategic innovation.C) Competitive products.D) Effective promotion.3. A) Expand the market.B) Recruit more talents.C) Innovate constantly.D) Watch out for his competitors.4. A) Possible bankruptcy.B) Unforeseen difficulties.C) Conflicts within the company.D) Imitation by one's competitors.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) The job of an interpreter.B) The stress felt by professionals.C) The importance of language proficiency.D) The best way to effective communication.6. A) Promising.B) Admirable.C) Rewarding.D) Meaningful.7. A) They all have a strong interest in language.B) They all have professional qualifications.C) They have all passed language proficiency tests.D) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.8. A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.D) It puts one's long-term memory under more stress..Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It might affect mothers' health.B) It might disturb infants' sleep.C) It might increase the risk of infants, death.D) It might increase mothers' mental distress.10. A) Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.B) Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.C) Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies' health.D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.11. A) Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies'.B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.C) Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.D) Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.Passage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.B) The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.C) The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.D) More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.13. A) To set up more language schools.B) To document endangered languages.C) To educate native American children.D) To revitalise America's native languages.14. A) The US govemment's policy of Americanising Indian children.B) The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.C) The US government's unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.D) The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.15. A) It is being utilised to teach native languages.B) It tells traditional stories during family time.C) It speeds up the extinction of native languages.D) It is widely used in language immersion schools.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by threeor four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.B) It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.C) It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.D) It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.17. A) Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.C) Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.D) Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.18. A) To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.B) To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.D) To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies.Recording TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) They measured the depths of sea water.B) They analyzed the water content.C) They explored the ocean floor.D) They investigated the ice.20. A) Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.B) Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.C) The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.D) The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.21. A) Arctic ice is a major source of the world's fresh water.B) The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.C) The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.D) Arctic ice is essential to human survival.22. A) It will do a lot of harm to mankind.B) There is no easy way to understand it.C) It will advance nuclear technology.D) There is no easy technological solution to it.Recording ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.B) The relation between children's self-control and their future success.C) The health problems of children raised by a single parent.D) The deciding factor in children's academic performance.24. A) Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.C) Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.D) Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.25. A) Self-control can be improved through education.B) Self-control can improve one's financial situation.C) Self-control problems may be detected early in children.D) Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.第二套答案1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.2. B) Strategic innovation.3. C) Innovate constantly.4. D) Imitation by one's competitors.5. A) The job of an interpreter.6. B) Admirable.7. B) They all have professional qualifications.8. C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.Section B9. C) It might increase the risk of infants' death.10. D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.11. B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.12. A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.13. D) To revitalise America's native languages.14. A) The US government's policy of Americanising Indian children.15. C) It speeds up the extinction of native languages.Section C16. A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.17. B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.18. C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.19. D) They investigated the ice.20. D) The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.21.C) The decline of Arctie ice is irreversible.22. D) There is no easy technological solution to it.23. B) The relation between children's self-control and their future success.24. B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.25. A) Self-control can be improved through education.2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题听力原文(第二套)Section AConversation OneW: So, Mike, you managed the innovation project at CucinTech.M: I did, indeed.W: Well, then. First, congratulations! It seems to have been very successful.M: Thanks. Yes. I really helped things turn around at CucinTech.W: Was the revival in their fortunes entirely due to strategic innovation?M: Yes, yes. I think it was. CucinTech was a company who were very much following the pack, doing what everyone else was doing, and getting rapidly left behind. I could see there was a lot of talent there, and some great potential, particularly in their product development. I just had to harness that somehow.W: Was innovation at the core of the project?M: Absolutely. If it doesn't sound like too much of a cliche, our world is constantly changing and it"s changing quickly.We need to be innovating constantly to keep up with this. Stand still, and you#re lost.W: No stopping to sniff the roses?M: Well, I$ll do that in my personal life. Sure. But as a business strategy, I%m afraid there is no stopping.W: What exactly is strategic innovation then?M: Strategic innovation is the process of managing innovation of making sure it takes place at all levels of the company and that is related to the company's overall strategy.W: I see.M: So, instead of innovation for innovation's sake and new products being created simply because the technology is there, the company culture must switch from these point-in-time innovations to a continuous pipeline of innovations from everywhere and everyone.W: How did you align strategies throughout the company?M: I soon became aware that campaigning is useless. People take no notice. Simply, it came about through good practice trickling down. This built consent. People could see it was the best way to work.W: Does innovation on this scale really give a competitive advantage?M: I'm certain of it. Absolutely, especially if it's difficult for a competitor to a copy. The risk is of course that innovation may frequently lead to imitation.W: But not if it's strategic?M: Precisely.W: Thanks for talking to us.M: Sure.Questions 1to4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What seems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker?2. What did the company lack before the man's scheme was implemented?3. What does the man say he should do in his business?4. What does the man say is the risk of innovation?Conversation TwoM: Today my guest is Dana Ivanovich, who has worked for the last 20 years as an interpreter. Dana, welcome.W: Thank you.M: Now, I'd like to begin by saying that I have on occasions used an interpreter myself as a foreign correspondent.So I’m full of admiration for what you do. But I think your profession is sometimes underrated and many people think anyone who speaks more than one language can do it.W: There aren"t any interpreters I know who don#t have professional qualifications and training. You only really get profession after many years in the job.M: And am I right in saying you can divide what you do into two distinct methods: simultaneous and consecutive interpreting.W: That$s right. The techniques you use are different. And a lot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other, less stressful.M: Simultaneous interpreting, putting someone's words into another language more or less as they speak, sounds to me like the more difficult.W: Well, actually no. Most people in the business would agree that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful. You have to wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language before you then put it into the second language which puts your short-term memory under intense stress.M: You make notes, I presume?W: Absolutely. Anything like numbers, names, places have to be noted down, but the rest is never translated word for word. You have to find a way of summarizing it. So that the message is there, turning every single word into the target language would put too much strain on the interpreter and slow down the whole process too much.M: But with simultaneous interpreting, you start translating almost as soon as the other person starts speaking, you must have some preparation beforehand.W: Well, hopefully, the speakers will let you have an outline of the topic a day or two in advance, you have a little time to do research, prepare technical expressions and so on.Questions 5to8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?6. What does the man think of Dana's profession?7. What does Dana say about the interpreters she knows?8. What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpreting?Section BPassage OneMothers have been warned for years that sleeping with their new-born infant is a bad idea, because it increases the risk that the baby might die unexpectedly during the night. But now Israeli researchers are reporting that even sleeping in the same room can have negative consequences, not for the child, but for the mother. Mothers who slept in the same room as their infants, whether in the same bed or just the same room, had poorer sleep than mothers whose baby slept elsewhere in the house. They woke up more frequently, were awake approximately 20 minutes longer per night, and had shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep. These results held true even taking into account that many of the women in the study were breast-feeding their babies. Infants, on the other hand, didn't appear to have worse sleep whether they slept in the same or different room from their mothers. The researchers acknowledge that since the families they studied were all middle-class Israelis. It，s possible the results would be different in different cultures. Lead author Lyati Sotski wrote in an email that the research team also didn-t measure fathers' sleep. So it's possible that their sleep patterns could also be causing the sleep disruptions for mums. Right now, to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers not sleep in the same bed as their babies, but sleep in the same room. The Israeli study suggests that doing so may be best for the baby, but may take a toll on mum. Questions 9toll are based on the passage you have just heard.9. What is the long-held view about mothers" sleeping with new-born babies?10. What do Israeli researchers' findings show?11. What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers do?Passage TwoThe US has already lost more than a third of the native languages that existed before European colonization and the remaining 192 are classed by UNESCO as ranging between unsafe and extinct. u We need more funding and more effort to return these languages to everyday use," says Fred Nawusky of the National Museum of the American Indian. “We are making progress, but money needs to be spent on revitalizing languages, not just documenting them." Some 40 languages mainly in California and Oklahoma where thousands of Indians were forced to relocate in the 19th century have fewer than 10 native speakers. Part of the issue is that tribal groups themselves don%t always believe their languages are endangered until they are down to the last handful of speakers. u But progress is being made through emerging schools, because if you teach children when they are young, it will stay with them as adults and that&s the future," says Mr. Nawusky, a Comanche Indian. Such schools have become a model in Hawaii, but the islanders’local language is still classed by UNESCO as critically endangered because only 1,000 people speak it. The decline in American Indian languages has its historical roots. In the mid-19th century, the US government adopted a policy of Americanizing Indianchildren by removing them from their homes and culture. Within a few generations, most had forgotten their native tongues. Another challenge to language survival is television. It has brought English into homes, and pushed out traditional storytelling and family time together, accelerating the extinction of native languages.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. What do we learn from the report?13. For what purpose does Fred Nawusky appeal for more funding?14. What is the historical cause of the decline in American Indian Languages?15. What does the speaker say about television?Section CRecording oneGreg Rosen lost his job as a sales manager nearly three years ago and is still unemployed. “It literally is like something in a dream to remember what it's like to actually be able to go out and put in a day's work and receive a day's pay."At first Rosen bought groceries and made house payments with the help from unemployment insurance. It pays laid-off workers up to half of their previous wages while they look for work. But now, that insurance has run out for him and he has to make tough choices. He-s cut back on medications and he no longer helps support his disabled mother. It is a devastating experience. New research says the US recession is now over. But many people remain unemployed and unemployed workers face difficult odds. There is literally only one job opening for every five unemployed workers, so four out of five unemployed workers have actually no chance of finding a new job. Businesses have downsized or shutdown across America, leading fewer job opportunities for those in search of work. Experts who monitor unemployment statistics here in Bucks County, Pennsylvania say about 28,000 people are unemployed and many of them are jobless due to no fault of their own. Thafs where the Bucks County Careerlink comes in.Local director Elizabeth Walsh says they provide training and guidance to help unemployed workers find local job opportunities. “So here’s the job opening. Here's the job seeker. Match them together under one roof," she says. But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County limits how much she can help. Rosen says he hopes Congresswill take action. This month, he launched the Ninety-Niners Union, an umbrella organization of eighteen Internet- based grass roots groups of Ninety-Niners. Their goal is to convince law makers to extend unemployed benefits. But Pennsylvania State representative Scott Petri says governments simply do not have enough money to extend unemployment insurance. He thinks the best way to help the long-term unemployed is to allow private citizens to invest in local companies that can create more jobs. But the boost in investor confidence needed for the plan to work will take time. Time that Rosen says still requires him to buy food and make monthly mortgage payments. Rosen says he%ll use the last of his savings to try to hang onto the home he worked for more than twenty years to buy. But once that money is gone, he says he doesn’t know what he'll do.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed?17. What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the Bucks County Careerlink doing?18. What does Pennsylvania state representative Scott Petri say is the best way to help the long-term unemployed? Recording TwoEarlier this year, British explorer Pen Huddle and his team tracked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean, taking measurements and recording observations about the ice.“Well, we)ve been led to believe that we would encounter a good proportion of this older, thicker, technically multi-year ice that+s been around for a few years and just get thicker and thicker. We actually found there wasn't any multi-year ice at all."Satellite observations and submarine service over the past few years had shown less ice in the polar region. But the recent measurements show the lost is more pronounced than previously thought.u We are looking at roughly 80 percent loss of ice cover on the Arctic ocean in ten years, roughly ten years and 100 percent loss in nearly twenty years."Cambridge scientist Peter Waddams, who.s been measuring and monitoring the Arctic since 1971, says the decline is irreversible.The more you lose, the more open water is created, the more warming goes on in that open water during the summer, the less ice forms in the winter, the more melt there is the following summer. It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends up accelerating until ifs all gone."Martin Summercorn runs the Arctic program for the environmental charity the World Wildlife Fund. u The Arctic sea ice holds a central position in the earth’s climate system and it’s deteriorating faster than expected. Actually, it has to translate into more urgency to deal with the climate change problem and reduce emissions."Summercorn says a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions blamed for global warming needs to come out of the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit in December.“We have to basically achieve there—the commitment to deal with the problem now. That’s the minimum. We have to do that equitably. And that we have to find a commitment that is quick."Waddams echoes the need for urgency. “The carbon that we’ve put into the atmosphere keeps having a warming effect for 100 years. So we have to cut back rapidly now. Because it would take a long time to work its way through into our response by the atmosphere. We can’t switch off global warming just by being good in the future. We have to start being good now."Waddams says there is no easy technological fix to climate change. He and other scientists say there are basically two options to replacing fossil fuels. Generating energy with renewables or embracing nuclear power.19. What did Pen Huddle and his team do in the Arctic Ocean?20. What does the report say about the Arctic region?21. What does Cambridge scientist Peter Waddams say in his study?22. How does Peter Waddams view climate change?Recording ThreeFrom a very early age, some children exhibit better self-control than others. Now, a new study that began with about 1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child"s low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years. Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now. Some of their earliest observations have to do with the level of self-control the youngsters displayed. Parents, teachers, even the kids themselves, scored the youngsters on measures like ^acting before thinking" and “persistence in reaching goals".The children of the study are now adults in their thirties. Terrie Moffitt of Duke University and her research colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tended to grow up to become adults with a far more troubling set of issues to deal with.“The children who had the lowest self-control when they were age L to 10, later on had the most health problems in their thirties, and they had the worst financial situation. And they were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income."Speaking from New Zealand via Skype, Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely observed and weren’t just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids.“Even the children who had above-average self-control as pre-schoolers could have benefited from more selfcontrol training. They could have improved their financial situation and their physical and mental health situation 30 years later."So, children with minor self-control problems were likely as adults to have minor health problems, and so on. Moffitt said ifs still unclear why some children have better self-control than others, though she says other researchers have found that ifs mostly a learned behavior, with relatively little genetic influence. But good selfcontrol can be set to run in families in that children who have good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents.“Whereas some of the low self-control study members are more likely to be single parents with a very low income and the parent is in poor health and likely to be a heavy substance abuser. So thafs not a good atmosphere for a child. So it looks as though self-control is something that in one generation can disadvantage the next generation."But the good news is that Moffitt says self-control can be taught by parents, and through school curricula that have proved to be effective. Terry Moffitfs paper “On the Link Between Childhood Self-control and Adults’Status Decades Later" is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.23. What is the new study about?24. What does the study seem to show?25. What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study?如有侵权请联系网站删除感谢您使用本店文档您的满意是我们永恒的追求！（本句可删）------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------。
新视野大学英语读写教程第二版第三册Unit-4--Five-Famous-Symbols-of--American-Culture
The New Colossus by Emma Lazarus Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, With conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.
Para. 5-10
Para. 11-14
Para. 15-18
Para. 19-22
NHCE-BIII-Unit 4
IV: Section A--Text
The Statue of Liberty
Time • Mid-1870s
Designer • French artist Frederic • Auguste Bartholdi Model • His wife’s arm and his • mother’s face
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Brother Jonathan
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Uncle Sam
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Uncle Sam
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Group Discussion
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• 1. Think about what each symbol represents.
新视野大学英语3unit4课文原文及翻译five famous symbols of american culture
19世纪70年代中期，法国艺术家弗里德里克?奥古斯特?巴托尔迪正在设计一个大项目，名为“自由照耀世界”。
这是一座庆祝美国独立和美法联盟的纪念碑。
与此同时，他爱上了一位他在加拿大认识的女子。
他母亲不赞成自己的儿子和一个她没有见过的女子恋爱，然而巴托尔迪不为所动，和心中所爱于1876年结为伉俪。
同年，巴托尔迪组装完雕像的右臂和火炬，并将它们陈列在费城。
据说，他用了妻子的手臂为模本，但觉得她的脸太漂亮，不适合做雕像模本。
他需要这样一个女人：面容沧桑却不失坚定，庄重多于美丽。
他选择了自己的母亲。
1886年，自由女神像在纽约湾北部落成。
雕像综合了他母亲的脸和他妻子的身材，不过巴托尔迪称之为“我的女儿，自由之神”。
芭比娃娃在现今销售的各式各样的芭比娃娃之前，原本部门只有一种芭比娃娃。
实际上，她的名字叫芭芭拉。
芭芭拉*汉德勒是马特尔玩具公司的联合创始人艾略特和鲁思?汉德勒夫妇的女儿。
鲁思是在见到女儿玩纸娃娃之后才想到做芭比娃娃的。
芭比娃娃的三维模特是一个德国洋娃娃，一个哄成年人开心的礼物，被描绘成具有“风尘女子”的模样。
马特尔公司将这个娃娃做了一番改造，变成了体面而地道的美国版本，尽管胸围有些夸张。
它以当时10多岁的少女芭芭拉的名字命名。
自从1959年面世，芭比娃娃就成了全球公认的“娃娃女王”。
马特尔公司说，一般的美国女孩拥有10个芭比娃娃，全球每秒钟就有两个芭比娃娃售出。
如今芭芭拉已有60多岁了，她拒绝接受采访，但据说她非常喜欢芭比娃娃。
她可能是当今世上最著名的不为人知的人物了。
1961年，芭比娃娃的男朋友面世，按芭芭拉的弟弟肯的名字命名。
真正的肯于1994年去世。
他对令自己全家名扬天下的娃娃极为厌恶。
他在1993年说：“我可不想让我的孩子玩这洋娃娃。
”《美国哥特人》1930年，格兰特?伍德因其画作《美国哥特人》一举成名。
此画体现了美国农民庄严的自豪，常常被人复制。
画面展示了一位神色严肃的男子和一位女子站立在农舍之前。
浙江地区高二英语下学期Unit16 The United States of America 人教版
某某地区高二英语下学期Unit16 The United States of America 一. 教材分析㈠. 教学内容本单元的中心话题是“美国” ,课文围绕“美国南部”及“美洲平原上的野牛”展开, 让人感受美国的变迁过程. 本单元有助于培养学生跨文化交际意识,进一步拓宽视野,为终身学习奠定良好的基础.“热身”(Warming up)部分, 给我们提供了三幅画面,有利于我们从宏观上和微观上把握美国地理特征.练习题引导学生从美国的历史渊源,经济等方面认识美国,有利于学生的探究学习.“听力”(Listening) 部分设置了三个练习,由浅到深,层层深入. 练习1不仅有利于我们了解纽约市,而且有利于培养学生在听力中快速捕捉信息的能力. 练习2 和3有助于学生了解美国的背景知识,丰富学生的文化内涵.“口语”(Speaking)部分要求学生根据提示描述一个场所.题目设置贴近学生生活. 教师除了课本所提示的说明处,还可以引导学生描述自己的学校.“读前”(Pre-reading) 部分设计了两个练习.练习1要求学生列一份自己家乡的年表,并列出重要的事件以及变化过程,讨论其前因后果. 练习 2 要求学生在年表上填写美国历史上发生的五件大事, 这有利于训练学生的逻辑思维能力,为阅读有关美国历史的课文做准备.“阅读”(Reading)部分“美国南部” (The American South), 介绍了南部------一部充满灾难的历史, 同时也是一部充满成功与希望的历史.文章重点介绍了美国南部佐治亚亚特兰大市自内战以来的发展和变化. 着重阐述了反对种族隔离制度斗争的美国运动, 及其杰出的领袖马丁.路德.金的斗争精神. 通过阅读这篇文章可以了解,美国是个多民族的多元文化国家. 由于文章涉及美国历史的变化, 城市的发展, 需要对比的手法描写, 本篇文章可称得上是一篇对比性写作的X文.“读后”(Post-reading)部分练习1有利于学生通过实例来阐明观点. 练习2 要求学生进行两人小组讨论或者多人小组讨论, 题目强调了语篇意识,设置层次性强,有利于培养学生的思辨能力.“语言学习”(Language Study)部分包含词汇和语法两部份. 词汇学习涉及构词法知识,设计新颖,看似简单,其实灵活, 有助于学生留意某些词加后缀时意义的变化, 有利于避免负迁移. 语法练习2考察学生在语篇中使用非限定动词的能力, 注重学生综合素质的提高. “综合技能”(Integrating Skills)部分包含阅读和写作. 通过阅读“美洲平原上的野牛” , 人们了解了美国历史上大规模屠宰野牛,破坏美洲草原生物链的教训. 写作部分要求学生写一封电子, 帮助美国学生了解中国.这就需要学生在理解教材的基础上,从面积,人口,语言,民族,重要城市等方面比较美国于中国的区别.这项任务有利于提高学生的语言运用能力.特别是语言概括能力.“学习建议”(Tips)部分指导要求学生开展写对比分析文章,以及学生写作时要注意的相关事项.“复习要点”(Check points) 通过练习引导学生对非限定动词作一次小结,并对要求学生对描述处所的词汇进行一次小结,有利于培养学生的自学能力.㈡. 教学目标1．语言知识词汇：e ntry mental physical suffering greedy trader unemployment unrest sacrifice reconstruction former funeral dawn overeinsist plain resist chief afterwards widespread rot wildlifesupply chain willing in vain take a chance leave alone insist onput on on sale in turn语法：复习非限定动词I don’t mind his being invited.He hate being laughing atShe enjoys being interviewed.It is important for lost time to be made up.功能：描绘场所What does your hometown look like ?What does the landscape look like ?Are there ? There is in the north.How long/wide/high/tall is the….?It’s .. metres / feet long /wide/high/tall.It looks like …….2．语言技能听：听两段有关NY的短文，捕捉信息，改正错说：用恰当的语言描述一个地方读：掌握skimming scanning generalization taking notes 等微阅读技能。
美国第1章 历史 答案
Chapter 13 Terms1) American Indians, also called the Native Americans, were the first people to live in America. They first arrived during the Ice Age when Nomads followed herds of animals across a land bridge from Asia to North America. They lived in tribes all over the United States, mistakenly called Indians by Christopher Columbus since the new discovery in 1492.2) New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of the six states of Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. Some of the first movements of American literature, philosophy, and education originated in New England. The region played a prominent role in the movement to abolish slavery, and was the first region of the United States transformed by the Industrial Revolution. Today, New England is a major world center of education, high technology, insurance, and medicine. Boston is its cultural, financial, educational, medical and transportation center.3) It is a movement of people from the settled regions of the United States to lands farther west. Between the early 17th and late 19th centuries, American people and their societies expanded from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast. This westward movement, across what was often called the American frontier, was of enormous significance. By expanding the nation’s borders to include more than three million square miles, the United States became one of the most powerful nations of the 20th century. However, this expansion also resulted in great suffering, destruction, and cultural loss for the Native Americans of North America. This expansion also meant that much of North America was dominated by English institutions and ways of life, instead of Spanish or French ones. The Spanish and French were also exploring and settling North America in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries. For good or ill, the westward movement of these American settlers was one of the most influential forces to shape North American history.4) WASPS are the mainstream Americans, referring to the white Anglo-Saxon Protestants.5) The great lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Eire and Lake Ontario.II1) The US Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government. It is the law-making body and the supreme legislative body of the nation. It consists of two houses: the Senate and the House of the Representatives.2) The American constitutional system includes a notion known as the Separation of Powers. In this system, 3 branches of government are created and power is shared between them. At the same time, the powers of one branch can be challenged by another branch. This is what the system of checks and balances is all about. There are three branches in the United States government as established by the Constitution. First, the Legislative branch makes the law. Second, the Executive branch executes the law. Last, the Judicial branch interprets the law. Each branch has an effect on the other.3) The Constitution of the United States is the key instrument of American government and the supreme law of the country. Government was established by following the guidelines laid out in the constitution. Since the founding of America, it has served as the framework for the development of governmental institutions. It is the Constitution that has assured political stability, individual freedom, economic growth, and social progress.4) The government is divided into three branches, the legislative, the executive and the judicial,each has part of the powers but not all the power. And each branch of government can check, or block, the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This is called “checks and balances”.5) The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. The court deals with matters pertaining to the federal government, disputes between states, and interpretation of the Constitution. It can declare legislation or executive action made at any level of the government as unconstitutional, nullifying the law and creating precedent for future law and decisions. The Supreme Court consists of nine Justices: the Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices. They have equal weight when voting on a case and the Chief Justice has no casting vote or power to instruct colleagues. The Justices are nominated by the President and confirmed with the 'advice and consent' of the Senate. As federal judges, the Justices serve for life and can be removed only by resignation or by impeachment and subsequent conviction.III1) A plantation economy is an economy based on agricultural mass production, usually of a few staple products grown on large farms called plantations. Plantation economies rely on the export of cash crops as a source of income. Prominent plantation crops included cotton, rubber, sugar cane, tobacco, figs, rice, kapok, sisal and indigo. The longer a crop's harvest period, the more efficient plantations are. Scale economies are also achieved by long distances to markets and reduction in the crop's size. Plantation crops also differ in that they need processing immediately after harvesting. Sugar, tea sisal and palm oil are most suited to plantations, coconuts, rubber and cotton to a lesser extent.2) The Federal Reserve System (also known as the Federal Reserve, and informally as the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, largely in response to a series of financial panics, particularly a severe panic in 1907. Over time, the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System have expanded and its structure has evolved. Events such as the Great Depression were major factors leading to changes in the system.3) Wall Street is the financial district of New York City, named after and centered on the eight-block-long, 0.7 miles (1.1 km) long street running from Broadway to South Street on the East River in Lower Manhattan. Over time, the term has become a metonym for the financial markets of the United States as a whole, the American financial sector (even if financial firms are not physically located there), or signifying New York-based financial interests.4) President Roosevelt launched the New Deal to alleviate the most serious economic crisis in the nation’s history, the Great Depression. New Deal legislation extended federal authority in banking, agriculture, and public welfare. It established minimum standards for wages and hours on the job, which served as a catalyst for the expansion of labor unions in industries like steel, automobiles, and rubber. Many of the most important laws and institutions that define American’s modern economy can be traced to the New Deal era.5) In the early years of American history, most political leaders accepted the concept of laissez-faire（法语，自由放任主义, 不干涉主义），a doctrine opposing government interference in the economy except to maintain law and order. This attitude started to change during the late 19th century, when small business, farm, and labor movements began asking the government to intercede on their behalf.IIII3. Terms1) Independence Day, commonly known as the Fourth of July, is a federal holiday in the United States celebrating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain.2) "WASP" stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant. It is considered the basis of the mainstream culture of the United States. The people who settled in the 13 North American colonies were mostly white European Protestant believers. The United States was founded and formed largely by Protestants.3) American football, known in the United States simply as football and often as gridiron or tackle football outside the United States, is a competitive team sport known for combining strategy with physical play. The objective of the game is to score points by advancing the ball into the opposing team's end zone. The ball can be advanced by carrying it or by throwing it to a teammate. Points can be scored in a variety of ways, including carrying the ball over the opponent's goal line, catching a pass thrown over that goal line, kicking the ball through the goal posts at the opponent's end zone, or tackling an opposing ball carrier within his end zone. The winner is the team with the most points when the time expires.4) The "Lost Generation" is a term used to describe the generation of young men and women who came to maturity in the 20s. Some of them fought in World War I. They became disgusted with war and disillusioned with the post-war society. They shared the same sense of dislocation, rootlessness and disillusionment.5) Hollywood is the US film industry centre. It is located in Los Angeles, California. There are big movie companies, including the Warner Bros. Pictures, Universal Studios, Columbia Pictures, and Paramount Pictures. The annual Oscar Award held there attracts the attention of the world; it has become the synonym of American film.IIIII3. Terms1) Community colleges are two-year post-secondary institutions that offer certificate programs, Associate of Arts degree, Associate of Sciences degree, plus many other programs. There are 1,186 community colleges in the United States. Community colleges are centers of educational opportunity, embodying Thomas Jefferson’s belief education should b e practical as well as liberal. They are an American invention that put publicly funded higher education at close-to-home facilities, beginning nearly 100years age with Joliet Junior College. Since then, they have been inclusive institutions that welcome all who desire to learn, regardless of wealth, heritage, or previous academic experience. The process of making higher education available to maximum number of people continues to develop at 1,186 public and independent community colleges. When the branch campuses of community colleges are included, the number totals about 1.600. 2) A college degree is a college or university diploma, often associated with a title and sometimes associated with an academic position, which is usually awarded in recognition of the recipient having either satisfactorily completed a prescribed course of study or having conducted a scholarly endeavor deemed worthy of his or her admission to the degree. The most common degrees awarded today are associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees.3) The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, Princeton University, theUniversity of Pennsylvania, and Yale University. The term Ivy League also has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism. In addition to Cornell, all these schools are establish before American Independence War, the entering standards of every these school are all very strict.4)SAT is a standardized test for most college admissions in the United States. It is owned, published, and developed by the College Board, a nonprofit organization in the United States. It was formerly developed, published, and scored by the Educational Testing Service, which still administers the exam. The test is intended to assess a student's readiness for college. It was first introduced in 1926, and its name and scoring have changed several times. It was first called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, then the Scholastic Assessment Test.5) As industrialization grew, American school system also expanded. Public high schools were pressured by industry and parents to train students for jobs. This had resulted in the construction of two types of high schools: vocational and general. In a vocational school, students are taught the skills needed to perform a particular job. Most high schools offer both types of programs. V ocational courses such as typing, sewing, and mechanical drawing are commonly seen in the high school curriculum.。
英语专业毕业论文（文化方向）
A Study on the Causes of American Indians’Current LifebyThesis Advisor: Ms.Submitted to the B.A. Committee in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree ofBachelor of Arts in the English Department ofSchool of Foreign Languages of20 May. 2010本科生毕业论文题目：关于美国印第安人生存现状成因的研究学生姓名：指导教师：二级学院：外国语学院系别：英语系专业：英语年级：2010届学号：完成日期：2010年5月20日Title:A Study on the Causes of American Indians‟ Current LifeAbstract:It is generally accepted that American Indians enjoyed a long history and created a great civilization. However, American Indians‟ current life is rather sad and miserable. Human rights are not offered equally to them. They are still restrained to live in pieces of reserved lands. Furthermore, their culture is dying out. Therefore, the causes of American Indians‟current life are worth studying. In recent years, scholars all over the world have paid great attention to the study of American Indians‟ current life, human rights, and so on. Thus, this thesis firstly introduces some brief background information about American Indians‟ way of life, customs, culture, language and so on. Next, this paper gives facts about the sad and miserable life that they are having now. Then, this article tries to find the causes that lead to the current situation and finally draws the conclusion——a people‟s attitude toward modern and advanced civilization decides its destiny. The aim of this paper is to find the reasons why a civilization died off through history and give some inspirations for the development of a nation.Key words: American Indian; Westward Expansion; government‟s policy;wars; life situation题目：关于美国印第安人生存现状成因的研究摘要：众所周知，美国印第安人曾有着悠久的历史并创造了灿烂的文明。
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Today
Vocabulary
custom tradition ceremony climate adapt weather folklore reservation government laws constitution
by Maureen Blaney Flietner
Photographs Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: ©Craig Aurness/Corbis 2 ©Galen Rowell/Corbis 3 ©Owen Franken/Corbis 4 ©Trevor Wood/Getty Images 5 ©Yva Momatiuk and John Eastcott/Woodfin Camp & Associates 7 ©Corbis 8 ©Eastcott-Momatiuk/The Image Works, Inc. 9 ©Craig Aurness/Corbis 10 ©AFP/Getty Images Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York 11 ©Richard A. Cooke/Corbis 12 ©Kevin Fleming/Corbis Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois 13 ©Alex Wong/Getty Images Coppell, Texas • Sacramento, California • Mesa, Arizona 14 ©George H. H. Huey/Corbis 15 ©A. Ramey/PhotoEdit
California Indians still live in many parts of California. 2
American Indians are United States citizens. 3
Groups Knew About Land
The American Indian groups of long ago knew a lot about the area of California in which they lived. Each group knew about climate and how to adapt to the weather. The group members learned how to use plants, animals, the earth, and water wisely. They did not waste anything. American Indians honored and respected all living things. Most American Indians did not write down their stories. They taught members of the group through folklore. Their stories might tell about how to be a good person. They taught lessons through songs, dances, and pictures. Young children learned these lessons as they grew up. The group was like a big extended family.
Genre
Text Features
Nonfiction
• Glossary • Captions • Headings
Scott Foresman Social Studies
ISBN 0-328-17497-1
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by Maureen Blaney Flietner
Many American Indians attended schools in the early 1900s. This school was in Pennsylvania. 6 7
Today’s American Indians
Some California groups used to have thousands of members. Today, some groups only have as many as three hundred people. Some groups no longer have anyone who can speak their languages. For example, the Wiyots on the coast, speak only English. Some younger members, however, are trying to learn their native languages by listening to recordings of people from years ago. Today, most American Indians live much like other people. They wear modern clothes. They drive cars. They work at many different jobs. Some are teachers, scientists, artists, or businesspeople. Richard Stephens is a member of the Pala Band of Mission Indians. This group lived from the coast to the mountains of California. In 2004 he earned an honor from an American Indian group for being a good businessperson.
Each group learned about the land where they lived. 4
American Indian stories were often told to teach lessons. 5
Ways of Life Changed
Life changed for American Indians when European settlers came to American Indian lands. These changes made life very hard. Many American Indians were not treated fairly. They were forced to move off their land. Many American Indians did not survive the battles with settlers. Many were not allowed to speak their own language. They could not even sing their songs or tell their stories. Many American Indians had to live among people that they did not know. They started to forget what they knew about their groups.
Fascinating Facts
• American Indians did not become United States
citizens until 1924.
American Indians
• There were once hundreds of groups of
California Indians in California who spoke more than one hundred languages.
Today
• The word Indian, the name for the people who
lived in the Americas, came from a mistake. In 1492 Christopher Columbus thought he had reached the East Indies, so he named the people “Indians.”
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