华中师范大学基础英语2009真题
2009年普通高考湖北省英语试题答案
二、四级高频词组 -1. at the thought of一想到… -2. as a whole (=in general) 就整体而论 -3. at will 随心所欲 -4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，富有 -5. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近，进入，了解 -6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地，意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地， -7. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地 -8. in accord with 与…一致. out of one’s accord with 同…。
不一致 -9. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 -10. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照，根据 -11. on one’s own account -1) 为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益 -2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 -3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 -12. take…into account(=consider)把..。
考虑进去 -13. give sb. an account of 说明，解释 (理由) -14. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释，说明。
-15. on account of (=because of) 由于，因为。
-16. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要，无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装) -17. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控，控告 -18. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于。
2009年普通高考英语试题(湖北卷)
学习长顺县敦操乡“背篼干部”心得——文明长期以来，为人民服务是一个永盛不衰的话题，是一个永不过时的激励机制，是我们党激励广大党员干部更好地履行职责的一项重要举措。
为人民服务是敢创一流的勇气，是永不懈怠的精神，也是共产党人光荣传统和优良作风的具体表现。
近日，在全省上下掀起向长顺县敦操乡“背篼干部”学习的热潮，敦操乡党员干部多年如一日，坚持为群众办实事、办好事，用“背篼”背出了信任、背出了民心、背出了“鱼水深情”，充分体现了“背篼干部”对党和人民的忠诚，充分体现了基层工作的艰辛和不易。
他们牢记宗旨、心系群众、扎根基层、艰苦奋斗、无私奉献的精神，十分让人感动，让我们更加坚定了贵州能够发展、能快速发展的信心和决心。
通过学习，我感受颇丰。
下面我将学习心得总结如下：一、把心思扎根在基层面对高山深沟、交通不便、恶劣环境，敦操乡“背篼干部”把人民群众的利益看得高于一切，重于一切，牢固树立全心全意为人民服务的宗旨，翻山越岭，风雨无阻，全心全意为人民办实事，办好事。
把群众的困难装在心里、扛在肩上，他们把人民群众当亲人，当家人，心里装着人民，凡事想着人民。
长年身背背篼为深山里的群众谋致富、促发展。
扎根基层，心系基层。
二、把服务落实在基层敦操乡“背篼干部”把62个村民组划分为34个服务点，全乡34名乡村干部每人负责一个点，并将定点服务人员的姓名、职务、联系电话及监督电话制成公示牌，钉挂在村口显眼位置，大到为村民代办低保、养老保险等事宜，小至捎带所需生活物资等，只要村民一个电话，就服务到家。
敦操乡“背篼干部”用实际行动践行了党员干部全心全意为人民服务的宗旨。
三、把青春奉献在基层从上世纪90年代起，敦操乡干部就开始帮助群众捎带生活用品，最初只是一两包烟，后来是盐、酱油等，到现在是各种生活用品，甚至于水泥、瓦片等。
尽管平均每周要步行上百里山路，一些路险坡陡地段要攀着岩石、拉着藤蔓才能通过，他们始终无怨无悔、坚持不懈。
弘扬“背篼干部”精神，作为党员干部，就要像敦操乡“背篼干部”那样，把本职岗位作为实现自己人生价值的舞台，爱岗敬业，踏实工作，无私奉献，在平凡的岗位上创造不平凡的业绩。
华师附中2009届高三综合测试(一)(英语)
2009届高三综合测试(一)英语本试卷共四大题，满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
I．听力(共两节，满分36分)第一节听力理解(5段共l5小题；每小题2分，满分30分)每段播放两遍。
各段后有几个小题，各段播放前每小题有5秒钟的阅题时间。
请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、c项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
听第一段对话，回答第l一3题。
l. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. Inside a fruit shop． B．In an outdoor market． C．In a restaurant．2．What did the woman buy?A．Apples，grapes and bananas．B．Apples, peaches and watermelon．C．Apples，grapes and watermelon．3．How much did the woman pay for her fruit?A．$10．40． B．$12．40． C．$13.40．听第二段对话，回答第4—6题。
4．What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?A．Travel guide and customer．B．Driver and passenger．C．Teacher and student．5．Where are they going?A．To an art gallery． B．To the zoo． C．To an art school．6．What can be concluded from the conversation?A．Miss James doesn’t like being compared to a camel．B．Miss James doesn't like animals sucb as camels．C．Miss James can often be very stubborn．听第三段对话，回答第7—9题。
华东师范大学2009年基础英语考研真题
华东师范大学2009年基础英语考研真题Section Ⅰ:Words and PhraseChoose the most suitable word to complete each sentence. (45 points total in this section with 3 points for each item)1.A full-size tripod is far too ＿＿to carry around .I find this pocket-sized one is much handier.A. overweightB. ineptC. unwieldyD. outsize2.Many diseases that used to be considered＿＿of mankind are now easily treatable with antibiotics.A. scourgesB. blightsC. torturesD. thorns3. She knows she needs exercise, but finds going to the gym a＿＿.A. jobB. toilC. workD. chore4.The special effects were quiet good , but that＇s more than could be＿＿for the acting.A. mentionedB. spokenC. saidD. told５．There has been s great deal of＿＿surrounding the closure of the hospital.A. discrepancyB. combatC. disparityD. controversy6.There are a ＿＿reason why a patient might decide not to consulta doctor.A. crowdB. multitudeC. delugeD. horde7.There are some safety＿＿in connection with the new building that still need to be addressed.A. worriesB. caresC. troublesD. concerns8.If you don＇t eat fruit and vegetables, you may suffer from a vitamin＿＿.A. shortageB. insufficiencyC. deficiencyD. defect9.Some actors suffer from stage＿＿before every performance.A. frightB. fearC. anxietyD. panic10.After the earthquake, the entrance hall was turned into a ＿＿casualty ward.A. mainstayB. makeshiftC. pieceworkD. wayside11.The sun＿＿behind the mountain, giving the whole sky a rosy glow.A. layB. settleC. setD. tumbled12.It＇s a ＿＿for decent jobs these days, so you need every qualification you can get.A. scrambleB. jumbleC. jostleD. flurry13.The artist＇s use of swirls of＿＿colors conveys a sense of excitement.A. vigorousB. drasticC. vibrantD. strident14.There is＿＿pressure on the minister responsible for the disaster to resign.A. intenseB. compulsiveC. sturdyD. prevailing15.It＇s a modern city, full of＿＿tower block.A. risingB. heavingC. ascendingD. soaringSectionⅡ:Error CorrectionRead the extract and the ten mistakes. (30 points total with 3 for each item)A ReviewOrganized by the national gallery of Scotland on collaboration with the royal academy of arts, Rembrandt＇s Women was first been acclaimed by the critics, at its opening this summer in Edinburgh. Do not expect the emotional impact from his best-known masterpieces such like “The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicola＇s Tulp”: rather , the exhibition is valued for bringing under the spotlight the fascinating intertwining of private life and artistic matter in Rembrandt＇s portrayals of women.The exhibition is the first to focus in the subject of Rembrandt＇s depiction of womankind, and feature a total 141 drawings, etchings and paintings, ranging from mythological or biblical subjects up to intimateportrayals. At chronological order, we see the development of Rembrandt＇s sensitive and perceptive depiction of women with it＇s unparalleled blend of universal and personal elements. If, on the one hand, his realism, inspired by Caravaggio, shocked contemporaries because of this refusal of classical standards of idealized beauty, in the other hand the influence from Titian and Carracci＇s classicism are clear.Section Ⅲ:Reading ComprehensionYou will read an excerpt from Room with a View by E.M. Forster. Read and answer the questions that fallow. (35points total in this section with5 for each item)A passionate musicianIt so happened that Lucy, who found daily life rather chaotic, enter a more solid world when she opened the piano. She was then no longer either deferential or patronizing; no longer either a rebel or a slave. The kingdom of music is not the kingdom of this world; it will accept those whom breeding and intellect and culture have alike rejected. The commonplace person begins to play, and shoots into the empyrean without effort, whilst we look up, marveling how he has escaped us, and thinking how we could worship him and love him would he but translate his visions into human actions. Perhaps he cannot; certainly he does not, or does so very seldom. Lucy had done so never.She was no dazzling execultante; nor was she the passionate young lady, who performs so tragically on a summer’s evening with the window open. Passion was there, but it could not be easily labeled. And she was tragical only in the sense that she was great, for she loved to play on the side of Victory. Victory of what and over what-that is more than the words of daily life can tell us. But that some sonatas of Beethoven are written tragic no one can gainsay; yet they can triumph or despair as the player decides, and Lucy had decided that they should triumph.A very wet afternoon at the Pension Bertolini permitted her to do the thing she had really like, and after lunch she opened –the little draped piano. A few people lingered round and praised her playing, but find it that she made no reply, dispersed to their rooms to write up their diaries or to sleep. She took no notice of Mr. Emerson looking for his son, nor of Miss Bartlett looking for Miss Lavish, nor Miss Lavish looking for her book. Like every true performer, she was intoxicated by the mere feel of the notes.Mr. Beebe, sitting unnoticed in the window, pondered over this illogical element in Lucy Honeychurch, and recalled the occasion at Tunbridge Well when he had discovered it. It was at one of the those entertainments where the upper classes entertain the lower. The seats were filled with a respectful audience, and the Indies and gentlemen of this parish, under the auspices of their vicar, sang, or recited, or imitated the drawing of a champagne cork. Among the promised items was ‘Miss Honeychurch. Piano. Beethoven’, and Mr. Deebe was wondering whether it would be ‘Adelaida’, or the march of ‘The Ruins of Athens’, when his composure was disturbed by the opening bars of Opus Ⅲ. He was in suspense all through the introduction for not until the pace quickens dose one know what the performer intends. With the roar of the opening theme he knew that things were going extraordinary; in the chords that herald the conclusion he heard the hammer strokes of victory. He was glad that she only played the first movement, for he could have paid no attention to the winding intricacies of the measure of nine-sixteen. The audience clapped, no less respectful. It was Mr. Bebee who started the stamping; it was all that one could do.“Who is she?” he asked the vicar afterwards.‘ Cousin of one of my parishioner. I do not consider of her choice of a piece happy Beethoven is so usually simple and direct in his appeal thatit is sheer perversity to choose a thing like that , which, if anything disturbs.’When he was introduced, Mr. Beebe realized that Miss Honeychurch, disjoined from her music-stool, was only a young lady with a very pretty, pale, underdeveloped face. She loved going to concerts, she love stopping with her cousin, she loved iced coffee and meringues. But before he left Tunbridge Wells he made a remark to the vicar, which he now made to Lucy herself when she closed the little piano and moved dreamily towards him. ‘ If Miss Honeyvhurch ever takes to live as she plays, it will be exciting—both for us and for her.’Select the best answers to the question or complete to sentences.1.In the first paragraph we told that _______.A.one needs to reject worldly pleasure to truly develop musicaltalentB.music is sometimes regarded as a substitute for creationC.there is often a mismatch between great musical talent andordinary lifeD.it is amazing how great an effect music tends to have on our lives2.Lucy’s piano playing______.A.displayed a mixture of strong feelingsB.tended to be rather melodramaticC.failed to capture the tragic nature of some musicD.was marred by some inaccuracies3.When she played at the Pension Bertolini, Lucy ______.A.wished she could play betterB.asked to be left aloneC.resented being interruptedD.was engrossed in the music4.What did Mr. Beebe realize at the entertainment he remembers atTunbridge Wells?A.That the vicar had vetted the contributionsB.That Lucy had a special musical talentC.That Lucy’s was the only performance of any valueD.That the audience were duty-bound to show appreciation5.What surprised Mr. Beebe when he heard Lucy at Tunbridge Wells?A.Lug’s choice of composerB.The way the opening theme developedC.Lucy’s choice of pieceD.The fact that Lucy didn’t play more of the work6.What was the vicar’s attitude to the music Lucy played?A.It was daring.B.It was offensive.C.It was too difficult.D.It was unsuitable.7.Wheat was Mr. Beebe’s reaction when he met Lucy?A.He was pleased that she enjoyed simple pleasures.B.He was disappointed at how ordinary she was.C.He felt that she ought to make life more seriously.D. He was surprised that she wasn’t as beautiful he had imagined.Section Ⅳ: WritingRead the following quote and write an article of at least 500 words long for a newspaper to argue for or against the author’s opinion.(40 points for this section)We shall live to see the day, I trust, when no man shall build his house for posterity. He might just as reasonably order a durable suit of clothes… so that his great-grandchildren should cut precisely the same figure in the world…I doubt whether even one public edifice…should bebuilt of such permanent materials…Better that they should crumble to ruin, once in twenty years or thereabouts, as a hint to the people to reform the institutions which they symbolize.Nathaniel Hawthorne Should buildings be built to crumble to ruin every twenty years?Write an essay in response to this question.参考答案及解析SectionⅠ：Words and Phrase1.C unwieldy笨重庞大的，不易移动的。
2009年高考英语试题及答案(全国卷II)
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试考题卷英语第一卷（选择题）第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：haveA. gaveB. saveC. hatD. made答案是C1. JulyA. diaryB. energyC. replyD. daily2. medicineA. twiceB. medicalC. perfectD. clinic3. seizeA. neighbourB. weighC. eightD. receive4. determineA. remindB. ministerC. smileD. tidy5. existA. experienceB. examineC. exciteD. explode第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。
6. It is often that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.A. saidB. to sayC. sayingD. being said7. Charles was alone at home, with looking after him.A. someoneB. anyoneC. not oneD. no one8. Progress so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.A. wasB. had beenC. has beenD. will be9. The children loved their day trip, and they enjoyed the horse ride .A. mostB. moreC. lessD. little10. All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.A. asB. ifC. thoughD. unless11. I’m sure that your letter will get attention. They know you’re waiting for the reply.A. continuedB. immediateC. carefulD. general12. The CDs are on sale! Buy one and you get completely free.A. otherB. othersC. oneD. ones13. Jenny nearly missed the flight doing too much shopping.A. as a result ofB. on top ofC. in front ofD. in need of14. What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting.A. a; 不填B. the; 不填C. the; anD. a ; the15. If you leave the club, you will not be back in .A. receivedB. admittedC. turnedD. moved16. They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly.A. being runB. runC. to runD. running17. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it18. It’s high time you had your hair cut ; it’s getting .A. too much longB. much too longC. long too muchD. too long much19. ——Do you mind my opening the window? It’s a bit hot in here.—— , as a matter of factA. Go aheadB. Yes, my pleasureC. Yes, I doD. Come on20. I can’t leave. She told me that I stay here until she comes back.A. canB. mustC. willD. may第三节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
(完整)2009年湖北高考英语试题及答案,推荐文档
【09英语高考·湖北卷】2009年湖北高考英语试题及答案(word版含答案) 2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖北卷)英语本试卷共16页，满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的制定位置。
2. 选择题在每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；完成句子和短文写作题用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔答在答题卡上相对应的答题区域内。
答在试题卷上无效。
3. 考试结束，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案划在试卷上. 录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A.19.5.B.9.15.C.9.18.1. 1.What will the woman do?A.A. Stay indoors.B. B. Have a walk.C. C. Get a coat.2. 2. What will the speakers order?A.A .Coke and orange juice.B. B .Orange juice and coffee.C. C .Coffee and Coke.3. 3. How did the woman know about the fire?A.A She read about it.B. B She witnessed it.C. C She saw it on TV.4. 4 .What is the man worried about ?A.A .The match may be delayed.B. B .Their car may go out of control.C. C .They may arrive late for the game.5. 5. What does the man mean?A.A .He had a terrible vacation.B. B .He remained at home all the time.C. C. The woman asked a silly question.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
2009年全国高考英语试题及参考答案
2009年全国高考英语试题及参考答案(广东卷) 本试卷共12页，四大题，满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
I 听力(共两节。
满分35分)第一节听力理解(5段共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)每段播放两遍。
各段后有几个小题，各段播放前每小题有5秒钟的阅题时间。
请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
听第一段对话，回答第1—3题。
1.Why doesn't the man choose Japanese: food?A.He doesn't like Japanese food.B.He ate Japanese food last night.C.He thinks Japanese food is expensive.2.What does the man really want to eat?A.Buffet.B.Fast food.C.Chinese food.3.Where will the man probably eat?A.In a steak house.B.In the shopping center.C.Outside the shopping center.听第二段对话，回答第4。
2009年普通高考英语试题(湖北卷)
Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
In America, people are faced with more and more decisions every day, whether it's picking one of 31 ice cream (36) _____ or deciding whether and when to get married. That sounds like a great thing. But as a recent study has shown, too many choices can make us (37) _____, unhappy – even paralyzed with indec ision.That's (38) _____ true when it comes to the workplace, says Barry Schwartz, an author of six books about human (39) _____. Students are graduating with a (40) _____ of skills and interests, but often find themselves (41) _____ when it comes to choosing an ultimate career goal.In a study, Schwartz observed decision-making among college students during their (42) _____ year. Based on answers to questions regarding their job-hunting (43) _____ and career decisions, he divided the students into two groups: "maximizers" who consider every possible option, and "satisficers" who look until they find an option that is good enough.You might expect that the students (44) _________________________________. But it turns out that's not true. Schwartz found that while maximizers ended up with better paying jobs than satisficers on average, they weren't as happy with their decision.The reason (45) _________________________________. When you look at every possible option, you tend to focus more on what was given up than what was gained. After surveying every option, (46) _________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.How good are you at saying "no"? For many, it's surprisingly difficult. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. Consider these scenarios:It's late in the day. That front-page package you've been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it's finished. Enter the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring amore-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: "No! It's done!" What do you do?The first rule of saying no to the boss is don't say no. She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions, and it's up to you to find out what. The second rule is don't raise the stakes by challenging her authority. That issue is already decided. The third rule is to be ready to cite options and consequences. The boss's suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. She might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell her she can have what she wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what she's trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you've done so far.Here's another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. This one should be easy, but it's not. If you say no, even politely, you risk inhibiting further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This scenario is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter story suggestions.Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your gut reaction (本能反应) and dismissive rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair.Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a "What if ...?" agreement covering "What if my idea is turned down?" How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they refine the idea and resubmit it? By anticipating "What if...?" situations before they happen, you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of confrontations.47. Instead of directly saying no to your boss, you should find out __________.48. The author's second warning is that we should avoid running a greater risk by __________.49. One way of responding to your boss's suggestion is to explain the __________ to her and offer an alternative solution.50. To ensure fairness to reporters, it is important to set up a system for stories to __________.51. People who learn to anticipate "What if...?" situations will be able to reach understanding and avoid __________.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality?There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient.To get a better understanding of what's going on, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers – meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of Americanhigh-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal (财政的)burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants' access to certain benefits.The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected – say, low-skilled workers, or California residents – the impactisn't all that dramatic. "The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. "But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one." Too bad most people don't realize it.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。