营销英语词汇
销售英文用语
销售英文用语
在商务交流中，销售英文用语扮演着重要的角色。
了解并熟悉常用的销售英文用语能够帮助销售人员与顾客更有效地沟通，促成交易。
下面是一些常见的销售英文用语，供销售人员参考：
预备
•Lead: 潜在客户或销售潜在机会的线索.
•Cold call: 未经预约的电话销售.
•Warm call: 有预约安排的电话销售.
•Pitch: 销售人员向潜在客户推销产品或服务的简短陈述.
•Qualify: 确认潜在客户是否具有购买潜力.
•Prospect: 有望成为客户的潜在买家.
谈判
•Closing: 完成交易并促成销售.
•Upsell: 向客户推销更高档次的产品或服务.
•Cross-sell: 向客户推销与其已购买产品或服务相关联的其他产品或服务.
•Objection: 客户对产品或服务的异议或反对意见.
•Counteroffer: 对客户提出的反对意见或异议的回应.
跟进
•Follow-up: 向客户追踪并与其保持联系.
•Pipeline: 正在进行中的销售机会清单或潜在交易.
成交后
•Referral: 客户推荐新客户或业务.
•Testimonial: 客户对产品或服务的好评或推荐.
•Repeat business: 客户再次购买或重复交易.
以上是一些常见的销售英文用语，熟练掌握这些用语可以使销售人员在商务交流中游刃有余，促成更多的销售机会。
在日常工作中不断积累和运用这些用语，将有助于提升销售业绩，增加业务机会。
营销英语词汇大全
营销英语词汇大全1vertical marketing systems (VMS) 垂直营销系统vision 愿景Volvo 沃尔沃W Wall Street Journal 《华尔街日报》Wal-Mart 沃尔玛Walt Disney 迪斯尼want 欲求warranty 质量保证weight 加权Wella 维拉Wendys 温迪Whirlpool 惠而浦wholesale clubs 批发俱乐部wholesaler-sponsored voluntary chains 批发商发起的自愿连锁wholesaling trends 批发趋势win-back program 赢回(顾客)方案working capital investment 周转资金投入workload approach 计算工作量方法World Wide Web (WWW) 万维网X Xerox 施乐Y Yamaha 雅马哈young urban trend setters 年轻的城市潮流领导Z zero defect 零缺陷zone pricing 分区定价法营销英语词汇大全2 threat of new entrants 新进入者的威胁three order-hierarchy models 三阶段层级结构模型Tide 汰渍Tiffany 达芙妮Time 《时代周刊》time frame 时间框架/要求time pricing 时间定价time utility 时间效用Timex 天美时title 所有权Toshiba 东芝total cost 总成本total quality managemnt (TQM) 全面质量管理tough customer 苛刻的顾客Toyota Motor Corporation 丰田Toys R Us 美国着名玩具零售商tracking and monitoring 跟踪与监控trade mark 商标trade promotion 贸易促销trade selling 贸易销售trade/functional discounts 贸易/职能折扣trade-in allowance 以旧换新折让trading companies 贸易公司traditional stores 传统商店training 培训transactiional efficiency 交易效率transaction cost analysis (TCA) 交易成本分析transportation 运输trends 趋势turnkey construction contract 监督建筑契约turnover 人员流动two-sided presentations 双向信息陈述tying contracts 附带条件的合同Tylenol 泰诺营销英语词汇大全3 survival pricing 生存定价法sustainable competitive advantage 可持续的竞争优势sweepstakes 彩票抽奖switching cost 转换成本symbols 符号synergy 协同作用T tabulation 制表Taco Bell 塔可钟tangibility 有形性Tantem Computerstarget audience 目标受众target level of product quality 产品质量标准target or hurdle level 目标或难度水平target return price 目标回报价格targeting strategy 目标市场选择战略targeting 目标市场选择taste 口味/喜好team selling 团队销售technical selling 技术销售telecommunications industry 电讯产业telemarketing 电话销售television audience measurement 电视观众测量television home shopping 电视家庭购物territorial restrictions 地区限制territories 区域territory design and deployment 区域设计及部署territory inventory 地区存货test marketing 市场测试testing new product 测试新产品the American Association for Public Opinion Research 美国公共意见研究协会the Council of American Survey Research Organization 美国调查研究组织委员会the Fishbein Model 菲什宾模型the Marketing Research Association 营销研究协会theatre tests 现场测试营销英语词汇大全4statement of job qualifications 工作要求说明stock levels 库存水平stockless purchase arrangement 无存货采购计划store brands 零售商品牌straight commission compensation plan 纯佣金制薪酬方案straight rebuy 直接再购straight salary compensation plan 纯薪金制薪酬方案strategic alliances 战略联盟strategic business unit (SBU) 战略经营/业务单位strategic control 战略控制strategic fit 战略协调性strategic group 战略组strategic inertia 战略惯性strategic intent/objective 战略目标strategic marketing program 战略营销计划strategic pricing objectives 战略定价目标strategic withdrawal 战略撤退strategy constraints 战略影响因素strategy formulation and implementation 战略制定和实施strategy implementation 战略实施strategy reassessment 战略重估subculture 亚文化subfactor 次级因素substitute goods 替代品substitution threat 替代产品的威胁success rates 成功率Sumitomo 住友商事Sun Microsystems 太阳微系统supermarkets 超级市场supplementary media 辅助性广告媒体suppliers' bargaining power 供应商的讨价还价能力surrogate products 替代产品survey 调查营销英语词汇大全5 shopping goods 消费品short-term memory 短期记忆signal vehicle/carrier 信号载体simulated test marketing 模拟市场测试single-factor index 单因素指数法single-line mass-merchandiser stores 单一类型产品专营连锁店SKF 瑞典轴承公司skimming and early withdrawal 撇脂与尽早撤离战略skimming pricing 撇脂定价法sleepwalker/contented underachievers 梦游者/很容易满足的人slotting allowance 安置津贴social acceptability 社会可接受性social class 社会阶层social objectives 社会目标sociocultural environment 社会文化环境soft goods 非耐用品soft technology 软技术sole ownership entry strategy 独享所有权的进入战略Sony 索尼source credibility 信息来源的可信度source 广告信息来源sources of data 数据来源sources of new-product ideas 新产品创意来源speciality goods 特殊品speciality retailers 专营零售商speciality stores 专营商店specialization 专门化spokesperson 代言人Sprint 斯普林特Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 标准工业分类代码standardization strategy 标准化战略standby positioning 备用定位staple goods 日常用品Starbucks 星巴克stars 明星类。
市场营销英语词汇大全了解市场营销策略的关键词
市场营销英语词汇大全了解市场营销策略的关键词市场营销是现代商业中至关重要的一部分，是企业推广产品和服务的策略和方法的综合体。
在市场营销领域，有许多关键词和术语需要了解，这些词汇能够帮助人们更好地理解市场和制定有效的营销策略。
本文将介绍一些市场营销英语词汇的大全，帮助读者深入了解市场营销策略的关键词。
一、市场调研与分析1. Market Research（市场调研）: 这是指通过系统地收集、分析和解释有关市场的信息，以了解市场需求、竞争状况等。
2. Consumer Behavior（消费者行为）: 研究消费者在购买产品或服务时的心理、态度、行为和需求，为企业的市场推广提供指导。
3. SWOT Analysis（SWOT分析）: 是指对一个组织的内部条件（优势和劣势）和外部环境（机会和威胁）进行评估和分析。
4. Market Segmentation（市场细分）: 将整个市场按照不同的特征和需求进行划分，以便更好地满足不同消费者的需求。
5. Competitive Analysis（竞争分析）: 研究和评估竞争对手的产品、定价、市场份额等信息，以在竞争中保持竞争优势。
二、产品开发与定价策略1. Product Development（产品开发）: 指开发新产品或改进现有产品，以满足市场需求，并提供独特的竞争优势。
2. Branding（品牌建设）: 建立和推广一个独特的品牌形象，以增强消费者对产品的认知和忠诚度。
3. Product Differentiation（产品差异化）: 通过在产品设计、功能、特点等方面进行差异化，使产品与竞争对手的产品区别开来。
4. Pricing Strategy（定价策略）: 制定合理的产品定价策略，以确保产品能够覆盖成本、满足市场需求，并保持竞争力。
5. Product Lifecycle（产品生命周期）: 描述一个产品从引入市场到退出市场的不同阶段，包括市场增长期、成熟期和衰退期等。
市场营销知识的一些术语
新概念英语王牌教程成人版中关于市场营销知识的一些术语Key words in marketing(市场营销学中的核心词汇)市场(market) 需求(demand) 市场营销(marketing) 商品(goods) 服务(service) 顾客满意(customer satisfaction)交易(transaction) 营销者(marketer)生产生产观念(production concept) 产品观念(product concept) 推销观念(selling concept)市场营销观念(marketing concept) 社会营销观念(societal concept) 顾客(customer) 客让渡价值(customer delivered value) 顾客总价值(total customer value)顾客总成本(total customer cost)顾客满意(customer satisfaction)维系顾客(keep customer)关系营销(relationship marketing)全面质量营销(total quality marketing)市场营销环境(marketing environment)微观环境(micro environment)宏观环境(macro environment)市场机会(market opportunity)愿望竞争者(desired competitors)属类竞争者(generic competitors)产品形式竞争者(product competitors)品牌竞争者(brand competitors) 公众(publics)目标市场(target market)市场营销组合(marketing mix)情绪(moods)消费者行为(customer behavior) 文化(culture)人口统计因素(demographics)社会阶层(social class)亚文化(subculture)参照群体(reference group)角色模型(role stereotype)知觉(perception)认知学习(cognitive learning)动机(motive)个性(personality)情绪(emotion)态度(attitude)自我概念(self-concept)生活方式(life style)组织市场(organizational market) 企业市场(business market)非营利组织(non-profit organization)非营利组织市场(non-profit organization market) 政府市场(government market)直接再购(straight rebuy)修正再购(modify rebuy)新任务采购(new task)购买中心(buying center)倡议者(initiators)使用者(users)影响者(influencers)决定者(deciders)购买者(buyers)控制者(gatekeepers)营销信息(marketing information)营销信息系统(marketing information system,MIS) ~市场调研(marketing research)描述性调研(descriptive research)解释性调研(interpretive research)预测性调研(predictive research)市场需求量(market demand)企业需求量(market demand potential)定性预测(qualitative forecasting)定量预测(quantitative forecasting)企业战略(enterprise strategy)企业使命说明书(mission statement)战略经营单位(strategic business units,SBU)波士顿矩阵(Boston matrix)通用电器公司方法(the General Electric Model,GE) 市场吸引力(marketing attractiveness)业务实力(business attractiveness)密集型增长战略(intensive growth strategies)市场渗透(market penetration strategy)市场开发(market development strategy)产品开发(product development strategy)一体化增长战略(integrative growth strategies)前向一体化(forward integration)后向一体化(backward integration)水平一体化(horizontal integration)多角化增长战略(diversification growth strategies) 同心多角化(concentric diversification)水平多角化(horizontal diversification)复合多角化(conglomeration diversification)市场营销战略(marketing strategy)市场营销组合(marketing mix)市场营销组织(marketing organization)职能型组织(functional organization)地区型组织(regional organization)产品管理型组织(managerial organization of product)市场管理型组织(managerial organization of market)公司与事业部型组织(organization of corporation and business unit) 市场营销管理(marketing management)市场营销计划(marketing planning)市场营销方案(marketing program)市场营销控制(marketing controlling)市场竞争(market competition)完全竞争(market leader)非完全竞争(imprecate competition)垄断竞争(monopolistic competition)市场领导者(market leader)市场挑战者(market challenger)市场追随者(market follower)市场补缺者(market niche)市场细分(market segmentation)目标市场(target market)市场定位(market positioning)无差异性市场战略(undifferentiated marketing tactics)差异性市场战略(differentiated marketing tactics)集中性市场策略(concentrated marketing tactics)产品(product)服务(service)核心产品(core product)形式产品(actual product)期望产品(expected product)延伸产品(augmented product)~潜在产品(potential product)耐用品(durablegoods)非耐用品(nondurable goods)产品线(product line)产品项目(product item)产品组合(product mix or product assortment)产品组合的长度(product mix length)产品组合的深度(product mix depth)产品组合的关联度(product mix consistency)产品生命周期(product life cycle)开发期(development stage)引进期(introduction stage)成长期(growth stage)成熟期(maturity stage)衰退期(decline stage)新产品开发(new product development)产品概念(product concept)商业化(commercialization)包装(package)包装策略(packaging strategy)品牌(brand)品牌命名(brand naming)品牌决策(branding decision)统一品牌(blanket family brand)品牌使用者决策(brand-sponsor decision)个别品牌(individual brand)多品牌(multi-brands)统一的个别品牌(company/individual brand)合作品牌(co-branding)品牌资产(brand equity)品牌设计(brand designing)品牌延伸(brand extension)内涵不变式延伸(gradual changing meaning extension))品牌管理(brand management)成本导向定价(cost-driven pricing)需求导向定价(demand-driven pricing)竞争导向定价(competition-driven pricing)折扣定价(discount pricing)地区定价(region pricing)差别定价(discrimination pricing)撇脂定价(skim pricing)渗透定价(penetration pricing)满意定价(neutral pricing)尾数定价(mantissa pricing)整数定价(integer pricing)招来定价(fetch-in pricing)声望定价(prestige pricing)目标收益定价法(target-return pricing)认知价值定价法(perceived-value pricing)价值定价法(value pricing)通行价格定价法(going-rate pricing)分销渠道(distribution channel)中间商(intermediate)分销渠道设计(distribution channel disign)实体分配(physical distribution)渠道冲突(channel conflict)促销(promotion)促销策略(promotion policies)情感诉求(emotional appeals)理性诉求(rational appeals)道德诉求(moral appeals)大众传播媒体(mass media)气氛(atmosphere)事件(events)量力支出法(affordable method)销售额百分比法(percentage-of-sales method)竞争对等法(competitive-parity method)目标任务法(objective-task method)广告(advertising)公共关系(public relations)营业推广(sales promotion)促销组合(promotion mix)推动策略(push strategy)拉引策略(pull strategy)广告目标(mission)告知性广告(information advertising)劝说性广告(persuasive advertising)提示性广告(reminder advertising)整合营销传播(integrated marketing communication)接触管理(contact management)人员推销(personal selling)服务(service)服务核心产品(core product)服务附加产品(supplementary product)整合服务营销(integrated service marketing)服务的无形性(intangibility of service)服务的体验属性(experience attributes)服务的信任度属性(credence attributes)服务的有形展示(physical evidence)关系营销(relationship marketing)体育营销(sports marketing)绿色营销(green marketing)城市营销(city marketing)网络营销(network marketing)会展营销(exhibition marketing)文化营销(cultural marketing需要:need欲望want需求:demand产品:product关系营销:relationship marketing 营销网:marketing network生产观念:the production concept 产品观念:the product concept相关群体:reference group购买者角色:buying role购买行为:buying behavior认知需求:problem recognization 搜集信息:information search组织者市场:organization market 派生需求:derived demand缺乏弹性:inelastic demand品牌策略:brand strategy制造商品牌:manufactures brand 定价策略:pricing strategie现金折扣:cash discount数量折扣:quantity discount功能折扣:functional discount季节折扣:seasonal discount新产品定价:new product pricing产品组合定价:product-mix pricing分销渠道:distribution channel密集分销渠道:intensive distribution 选择性分销:selective distribution独家分销:exclusive distribution中间商品牌:intermediaries brand批发商:whoksaler零售商:retailer百货公司:department store超市:supermarket便利店:convenience store折扣店:discount store促销组合:promotion mix交流信息:communicating information 人员销售:personalo selling广告策略advertising strateqie公共关系public relation营销调研:marketing research产品策略:product strategie产品组合:product mix营销观念:the marketing concept消费者市场consumer market顾客满意:customer satisfaction顾客总价值:total customer value顾客总成本:total customer value营销环境:marketing environment营销信息系统:marketing information syste 市场细分策略:market segmentation startegie 目标市场策略:market tageting strategie市场定位策略market positioning strategie产品市场寿命周期;the product life cycle销售观念:the selling/sales concept社会营销观念:the societal marketing concept 宏观营销环境:macro-marketing environment 消费者行为模式:model of consumer behavior 价值,成本和满意:value,cost,andsatisfaction 交换和交易exchange and transaction营销者和预期顾客:marketers。
市场营销专业英语
市场营销专业英语市场营销专业英语是指在市场营销领域使用或涉及到的英语术语、表达方式、思维逻辑等。
在国际市场化的背景下，掌握市场营销专业英语对于从事市场营销相关工作的人员来说至关重要。
一、市场分析市场分析是指对市场环境、市场需求、竞争对手等进行分析，以便更好地制定产品营销策略。
市场分析需要掌握的英语词汇有：1. Market environment: 市场环境2. Market demand: 市场需求3. Customer needs: 客户需求4. Market segmentation: 市场细分5. Competitor analysis: 竞争对手分析6. SWOT analysis: SWOT 分析（指 Strengths，Weaknesses，Opportunities，Threats 分析）7. Target market: 目标市场二、营销策略营销策略是指为满足市场需求和实现企业利润最大化而制定的策略和计划。
营销策略需要掌握的英语词汇有：1. Marketing mix: 营销组合2. Product positioning: 产品定位3. Brand building: 品牌建设4. Promotion: 促销5. Advertising: 广告6. Public relations: 公关7. Sales: 销售三、营销实施营销实施是指将营销策略转化为实际行动的过程，实施营销计划的每个环节需要掌握的英语词汇有：1. Advertising campaign: 广告宣传活动2. Sales promotion: 销售促销3. Product launch: 新产品上市4. Distribution channel: 分销渠道5. Channel management: 渠道管理6. Customer loyalty: 客户忠诚度7. Customer service: 客户服务四、市场营销评估市场营销评估是指对营销策略和实施效果进行评价，以便优化营销计划和提高营销效果。
市场营销专业部分专业英语词汇整理
市场营销专业英语词汇表需要:need 欲望want 需求:demand 产品:product 关系营销:relationship marketing 营销网:marketing network 生产观念:the production concept 产品观念:the product concept 相关群体:reference group 购买者角色:buying role 购买行为:buying behavior 认知需求:problem recognition 搜集信息:information search 组织者市场:orqanization market 派生需求:derived demand 缺乏弹性:inelastic demand 品牌策略:brand strategy 制造商品牌:manufactures brand 定价策略:pricing strategie 现金折扣:cash discount 数量折扣:quantity discount 功能折扣:functional discount 季节折扣:seasonal discount 新产品定价:new product pricing 产品组合定价:product-mix pricing 分销渠道:distribution channel 密集分销渠道:intensive distribution 选择性分销:selective distribution 独家分销:exclusive distribution 中间商品牌:intermediaries brand 批发商:whoksaler 零售商:retailer 百货公司:department store 超市:supermarket 便利店:convenience store 折扣店:discount store 促销组合:promotion mix 交流信息:communicating information 人员销售:personalo selling 广告策略advertising strateqie 公共关系:public relation 营销调研:marketing research 产品策略:product strategie 产品组合:product mix 营销观念:the marketing concept 消费者市场:consumer market 顾客满意:customer satisfaction 顾客总价值:total customer value 顾客总成本:total customer value 营销环境:marketing environment 营销信息系统:marketing information syste 市场细分策略:market segmentation startegie 目标市场策略:market tageting strategie 市场定位策略:market positioning strategie 产品市场寿命周期:the product life cycle 销售观念:the selling/sales concept 社会营销观念:the societal marketing concept 宏观营销环境:macro-marketing environment 消费者行为模式:model of consumer behavior 价值,成本和满意:value,cost,andsatisfaction 交换和交易:exchange and transaction 营销者和预期顾客:marketers and prospect 市场营销观念:marketing management philosophy AA. C. Nielson 尼尔森市场研究公司absorption of costs 成本分配accesibility 可进入性accessory equipment markets 附属设备市场account management policies 客户管理策略Acer 宏基acquisition new-product development strategy 新产品开发收购战略activity-based costing 以活动为基础的成本系统adaptability 适应性adaptation to market variations 适应适应市场变化adaptive positioning 适应性定位additions to existing product lines 现有产品线的增加adequate size 准确的大小/足够的规模administered vertical marketing systems 管理式垂直管理式垂直营销系统administrative relationships 管理关系adopter categories 采购者的类型adoption process 采购过程advertising and market segmentation 广告与市广告与市场细分advertising and sales promotion 广告和广告和销售促进advertising effects 广告效果advertising ethics 广告伦理道德advertising feedback 广告反馈advertising frequency 广告频率advertising media 广告媒体advertising message 广告信息advertising reach 广告接受人数advertising source 广告信息来源advertising 广告aerobic enthusiasts 增氧健身运动爱好者aesthetics 美感affinity club 同族俱乐部after tests 事后测试agent middleman 代理商agent/merchant middleman 代理中间商allowance 折让alteration 退换AMA Code of Ethics 美国美国营销协会职业道德标准 亚马逊公司American Airlines 美国航空公司American Express 美国运通American Marketing Association 美国营销协会Amoco 阿莫科（英国石油公司）analysis of data 数据分析analyzer strategy 分析者战略Anderson 安达信annual marketing plan 年度营销计划annual requirement purchasing arrangement 年度采年度采购需求计划anticipatory positioning 预见性定位anti-pollution legislation 反污染立法anti-trust legislation 反托拉斯立法Apple Computers 苹果电脑area structure 地区结构aspiration/expectation level 渴望/期望水平aspirations of consumers 消费者渴望assurance 保证AT&T 美国电话电报公司ATM (automatic teller machine) 银行自动柜员机attitudes of consumers 消费者态度attributes 属性audiences 受众auto repair 汽车维修automation services 自动服务automobile industry 汽车产业autonomy 自主权availability 可获得性/供货能力avante guardian 前卫派Avon 雅芳awareness （产品）知晓度/知名度Bbaby boomers 婴儿潮出生的一代人backward channels for recycling 回收的后向渠道回收的后向渠道backward integration 后向垂直一体化banner advertisements 横幅标语广告bar codes 条形码barter 实物交易basic physical needs 基本生理需要Bausch & Lomb 博士伦BCG Grow-Share Matrix 波士顿增长-份额矩阵before tests 事前测试Behavior Scan Information Resources Inc. 行为扫描信息源公司behavioural analysis 行为分析behavioural hierarchies 行为层级benchmarking 基准benefit clusters 利益群体benefits 利益Benz 奔驰billing 帐单biological revolution 生物革命birth rate 出生率blanket purchase order 一揽子采购合同blind-paired comparison testing 双盲比较测试Blockbuster blue collars 蓝领BMW 宝马Boeing 波音bottom line 底线/盈亏一览结算线brand awareness 品牌意识/认知brand extensions 品牌扩展brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度brand mark 品牌标志brand name 品牌名称brand positioning 品牌定位brand recognition 品牌识别brand strategies 品牌战略brand 品牌branding strategy 品牌化战略branding 品牌化brand's equity 品牌的价值break-even analysis 盈亏平衡分析break-even volume 盈亏平衡产量breath of product assortment 产品线的宽度breath or diversity of product lines 产品线的宽度或多样性bribery 贿赂British Airways 英国航空公司brokers 经纪人budgeting 预算bundle 捆绑Bureau of Census 人口统计局Burger King 汉堡王busines strength rating 商业能力评分business plan 商业计划business position 经营地位business sector 商业部门business services markets 商业服务市场business strategies 经营战略business unit strategy 经营单位战略Business Week 《商业周刊》buyback allowances 回购折让buyback arrangements 产品返销buyers' bargaining power 买方的讨价还价能力buyers 采购者buying behavior 购买行为buying center 采购中心buying inertia 购买惯性buying intention 购买意图buying offices 连锁商店的进货中心buying power indes (BPI) 购买购买力指数buying situation 采购情况/类型buying task 采购仸务Ccable TV 有线电视Cadillac 凯迪拉克Campbell's Soup 金宝汤业公司capital gains 资本收益capital invested in product 产品投入资本Carnival 嘉年华cash cows 现金牛类cash discounts 现金折扣catalogue sales 目录销售categorization of perception 感知分类categorization 分门别类Caterpillar Tractor 卡特皮勒公司Cathay Airlines 国泰航空公司CBS Records 唱片公司CBS 哥伦比亚广播公司centralization 集中化chameleons/followers 变色龙/跟随者channel alternatives 可选择的营销渠道channel conflicts 渠道冲突channel decisions 渠道决策channel functions 渠道功能channel institutions 渠道组织结构channel management 渠道管理channel objectives 渠道目标channel of distribution 分销渠道channel power 渠道权力channel-control strategies 渠道控制战略channel-design decisions 渠道设计决策channel-management decisions 渠道管理决策channels of communication 传播渠道Charles Snow 查尔斯•斯诺Cherokee 切诺基chevrolet 雪佛莱choice criteria 选择标准Christian Dior 克里斯汀•迪奥（世界著名时装品牌）Chrysler 克莱斯勒Citi Corp 花旗银行closing a sale 结束销售clothing retailers 服装零售商CNN 美国有线新闻网co-branding 联合品牌code of ethics （职业）道德标准coercive power 强制权cognitive dissonance 认识的不协调Colgate-Palmolive 高露洁collection of data 数据收集collection 收款co-marketing alliances 联合营销联盟combination compensation plan 结合式薪酬方案Comdex 计算机展销会commercialization 商业化commitment 承诺communication channels 传播渠道communication process 传播过程communication 信息交流/沟通communications media 传播媒体company personnel 公司员工Compaq 康柏comparative advertisements 比较广告comparison of brands 品牌比较compensation deals 补偿处理compensation plan 酬金方案compensation/rewards 酬金/奖励compensatory 补偿性的competition and industry evolution 竞争和行业演变competition-orientated pricing 竞争导向定价法competitive advantage 竞争优势competitive (supply-side) evolution 竞争（供方）演变competitive factors 竞争因素competitive intelligence 竞争情报/信息competitive parity promotion budgeting 竞争均势促销预算法competitive strategy 竞争战略competitive strength 竞争优势/能力competitor analysis 竞争者分析complaint handling 投诉处理component materials and parts markets 组成材料和零部件市场computerized ordering 计算机化的订购conclusive research 确定性研究conditions of demand 需求情况conflict and resolution strategies 冲突和解决冲突和解决战略conformance to specifications 与规格一致conformance 一致性confrontation strategy 对抗战略conjoint measurement 联合测度法conjunctive model 联合模型consumer decision-making 消费者（购买）决策consumer goods channels 消费品分销渠道Consumer Goods Pricing Act, USA 美国消费品定价法案consumer goods 消费品consumer markets 消费品市场consumer needs 消费者需求consumer packaged-goods firms 消费者包装食品公司consumer promotion 消费者促销consumer tests 消费者测试consumer/household market 消费者/家庭市场consumers' perceptions 消费者感知consumption 消费contests 竞赛contingency planning 权变计划contract construction 契约建筑业contract manufacturing 契约制造业contraction/strategic withdrawal strategy 收缩/战略性撤退战略contractual entry modes 契约式进入模式contractual vertical marketing systems 合约式垂直营销系统contribution margin analysis 边际贡献（贡献毛利）分析contributrion margin 边际贡献control strategies 控制战略convenience food stores 便利食品商店convenience goods 便利品convenience 服务的便利性Cool Whip 清凉维普co-operative advertising 合作性广告co-ordination and conflict resolution 协调协调与冲突解决co-production 合作生产core benefit proposition (CBP) 核心利益方案核心利益方案/提议corollary-data method 推定数据法corporate HQ 公司总部corporate scope 公司（经营）范围corporate strategy 公司战略corporate vertical marketing systems 公司式垂直公司式垂直营销系统corporate/institutional advertising 团体/社会公共机构广告corrective action 矫正行动cost analysis 成本分析cost effectiveness 成本有效性cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略cost of capital 资本成本cost of goods sold (COGS) 产品销售成本cost reductions 降低成本产品cost-and-volume relationship 成本-数量关系cost-oriented pricing 成本导向定价法cost-plus/mark-up pricing 成本加成/溢价定价法costs and benefits of marketing functions 营销职能的成本和效益costs of competitors 竞争者成本costs of distribution 分销成本countertrade 对等贸易coupons 优惠券courtesy 礼貌coverage of geographic market 地域性市地域性市场的范围coverage of relevant retailers 相关零售商的销售范围credibility 信誉credit terms 信贷条款critical assumptions 关键假设cross-elasticity 交叉弹性customary pricing 习惯性定价法customer analysis 顾客分析customer contact 顾客接触customer demand 顾客需求customer intimacy 顾客亲密度customer loyalty 顾客忠诚度customer need 顾客需要customer organization of sales force 按客户组织销售队伍customer retention 顾客维系/保留customer satisfaction 顾客满意度customer segment pricing 顾客细分市场定价customer service 顾客服务customer-oriented pricing 顾客导向定价法customers' perception 顾客感知customers' preferences 顾客偏好customers' price sensitivity 顾客的价格敏感度customizing 定制D data collection 数据收集data confidentiality 数据保密data research 数据研究data sources 数据来源dealers 经销商deceptive advertisements 欺骗性广告deciders 决策者declining markets 衰退市场decoding 解码defect rate 缺陷率defender strategy 防御型战略defensive new-product development strategy 防御性新防御性新产品开发战略defensive positioning 防御性定位delivery time 交付时间delivery 配送Dell Computers 戴尔计算机公司Delta Airlines 三角洲航空公司demand characteristics 需求特征demand curve 需求曲线demand-oriented pricing 需求导向定价法demographic environment 人口统计环境department stores 百货商店dependability 可靠性deregulation 放松管制derived demand 衍生需求descriptive research 描述性研究design decisions 设计决策desired percentage mark-up on retail 预期零售利润率desired percentage return 预期回报率determinant attributes 关键属性determinants 决定因素different responses 差别反应differentiated defender strategy 差异化防御战略differentiated marketing 差异化营销differentiation over time 不同时间的差异differentiation strategy 差异化战略differentiation 差异化diffusion of innovation theory 创新扩散理论dimension 因素dimensions of quality 质量维度direct costing profitability analysis 直接成本盈利性分析直接成本盈利性分析direct mail 直接邮寄direct marketing via advertising media 通过广告媒体的直接营销direct marketing 直接营销direct product profitability (DPP) 直接直接产品盈利性/利润率direct selling 直销discount rate 贴现率discount stores 折扣商店discount 折扣discount/premium price policies 折扣/溢价策略discriminant analysis 差异分析法discriminatory adjustments 歧视价格调整discriminatory pricing adjustments 歧视定价调整disjunctive model 分离模型display space 陈列空间disposable income 可支配收入dissonance-attribution hierarchy 不和谐-归属层次结构distribution channel designs 分销渠道设计distribution channel objectives 分销渠道的目标distribution channel 分销渠道distribution decisions 分销决策distribution policies 分销策略distribution 分销distributor/store (private lables) brands 分销商/私有品牌distributors 分销商diversification 多元化divest 撤退divest 出让divestment or liquidation 收回投资或清算dividend 红利dogs 瘦狗类domestic target marketing strategies 国内目国内目标市场定位的营销战略dropping products 放弃产品dry cleaning 干洗dual/two channel distribution systems 双重分双重分销系统duplication （媒体）重复DuPont 杜邦公司durability 耐用性E early vs late adoption 早期采早期采购与后期采购earnings per share 每股收益economic and technological factors 经济经济技术因素economic power 经济权economies of scale 规模经济education services 教育服务effectiveness 有效性efficiency 效率Electrolux 伊莱克斯emergency goods 急需品Emerson Electric 爱默生电气emotional appeals 情感诉求empathy 移情作用empirical evidence 经验性实例empowerment 授权encoding 编码end use 最终使用endorsement 赞同engineering （产品）工程设计entrepreneurial strategy 企业家战略entry strategies 进入战略environment and packaging disposal 环境与包装处理environment factors 环境因素environmental scanning 环境扫描/分析environmental strategy 环境战略establishment 机构ethical audit （公司）伦理审计ethics of marketing 营销伦理道德ethnic composition 种族构成European Community 欧共体evaluation and reward systems 评估与奖励体系evaluation and selection of supplier 评估和选择供应商evaluation of alternatives 评估替代品/各种选择evaluation of brands 品牌评估event sponsorship 事件赞助event 活动everyday low-price (EDLP) 天天低价evoked set 引发的组合evolution of market 市场演变exchange 交换exclusive dealing 独家销售exclusive distribution 独家分销executive summary 执行摘要exhibition media 展示广告媒体existing market 现有市场exit barriers 退出壁垒expansion path 扩张途径expectation measures （顾客）预期测度expectations of customers 顾客期望expected unit sales 预计产量expected value 期望价值experience curve 经验曲线experimental research 实验性研究expert power 专长权exploratory research 探索性研究export agents 出口代理（商）export jobbers 出口批发商export management company 出口管理公司export merchants 出口贸易商export 出口exporting 出口商品extended use strategy 扩大使用战略extending volume growth 扩大市场份额external data sources 外部数据来源external environment 外部环境extrapolation of past sales trends 过去销售趋势推测法F facilitating agencies 辅助/中介机构factor analysis 因素分析法fads 时尚family branding 家族品牌family life cycle 家庭生命周期family structure 家庭结构farm products 农产品fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) 快速快速变动的消费品fear appeals 恐惧/顾虑诉求features 特征Federal Department Stores 联邦百货商店Federal Trade Code （FTC) 联邦贸易法案FedEx (Federal Express) 联邦快递feedback data 反馈数据field test marketing 实地市场测试financing 融资fisheries 渔业fit and finish 结实度与外观fixed costs 固定成本fixed salary 固定工资flanker strategy 侧翼进攻战略flanker/fighting brand 战斗品牌flanking and encirclement strategies 侧翼进攻与围堵战略flat organizational structure 扁平的组织结构FOB origin pricing FOB产地定价法focus strategy 集中战略followers 追随者Ford 福特公司foreign middlemen 国外中间商forestry 林业formalization 形式/规范化formulate 制定fortress/position-defence strategy 防御堡垒战略Fortune 《财富》杂志forward integration 向前一体化franchise systems 特许系统franchising 特许经营free call numbers 免费电话号码free goods 免费商品freight-absorption pricing 免收运费定价法fringe benefits 小额津贴frontal attack strategy 正面进攻战略full costing profitability analysis 全成本盈利性分析全成本盈利性分析full-service wholesalers 全方位服务的批发商functional competencies and resource allocation 职能能力与资源分配functional efficiency 职能效率functional organization of sales force 按销售职能组织销售队伍functional organizational structure 职能型组织结构functional performance 功能性能functional strategy 职能战略G games 比赛gap 差距gatekeepers 信息传递者general behavioral descriptors 一般行为变量General Electric (GE) 通用电气General Foods Corporation 通用食品general merchandise discount chains 大众商品折扣连锁店General Motors 通用汽车geodemographics 区域人口统计特征geographic adjustments 地理调整geographic distribution 地理分布geographical organization of sales force 按地区组织销售队伍Gillette 吉列剔须刀global adjustments 全球调整global elite consumer segment 全球精英消全球精英消费品市场global expansion 全球扩张global marketing control 全球营销控制global markets 全球市场global niche strategy 全球机会战略global standardization strategy 全球标准化战略global teenage segment 全球青少年市场globalization 全球化global-market expansion 全球市场扩张goals 总目标going-rate/competitive parity pricing 竞争性平价定价法goods producers 产品制造商Goodyear 固特异轮胎government agencies 政府机构government buyers 政府采购者government market 政府市场government regulation 政府管制greenhouse effect 温室效应grey market 灰色市场gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生国内生产总值gross margin 毛利gross national product (GNP) 国民生国民生产总值gross profit 毛利gross rating points (GRPs) 总级别总级别指数group/category product manager 类别产品经理growing markets 成长市场growth rate of market 市场增长率growth stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的成长阶段growth-extension strategies 增长扩张战略growth-market strategies for market leaders 市场领导者的市场增长战略growth-market strategy 成长性市场战略growth-market targeting strategy 成长性市场定位战略guarantee/warranty 保证/担保guarantees 保证Gucci 古琦（世界著名时装品牌）H Haagen-Dazs 哈根达斯hard technology 硬技术Harvard Business Review 《哈佛商业评论》harvest 收获harvesting pricing 收获定价法harvesting strategy 收获战略health care 医疗保健health maintenance organizations (HMOs) （美国）卫生保健组织heavy buyer 大客户Heileman Brewing Company Heinz 亨氏食品helpfulness 有益性Henkel 汉高Hertz 赫兹（美国汽车租赁巨头）Hewlett-Packard 惠普公司hierarchy of strategy 战略的层次high margin/low-turnover retailers 高利润/低周转率的零售商high market share global strategy 高市场份额全球战略high-contact service system 高接触服务系统high-involvement product 高参与产品high-involvement purchase 高参与购买hight market share 高市场份额战略Hilton 希尔顿Holiday Inns 假日旅馆homogeneous market 同质市场Honda 本田household/family life cycle 家庭生命周期household 家庭hybrid technology 混合技术I IBM 国际商用机器idea generation 创意的产生/生成ideas for new products 新产品创意/构想idea-screening process 创意筛选过程identification of segments 识别细分市场Illinois Tool Works 伊利诺斯工具厂image pricing 形象定价imitative positioning 模仿定位imitative strategy 模仿战略impact evaluation 影响评估impersonal sources 非个人的信息来源implementation and control of marketing programs 营销计划的执行和控制implementation 实施improvements in or revisions of existing products 现有产品的改良或修正impulse buying 冲动购买impulse goods 冲动购买品incentives 激励income 收入increased penetration strategy 增加渗透战略indirect costing profitability analysis 间接成本盈利性分析individual brand 个别品牌individual value 个人价值industrial goods & services 工业产品和服务industrial goods channels 工业品分销渠道industry attractiveness 行业吸引力industry attractiveness-business position matrix 行业吸引力-业务地位矩阵industry dynamics 产业动态industry evaluation 产业评估industry evolution 产业演变inelastic 缺乏价格弹性influencers 影响者infocommunications industry 信息通信行业infomercials 商业信息广告information age 信息时代information search 信息搜集information technology 信息技术information 信息informative 告知性的ingredient 成份in-home personal interview 个人家庭访谈in-house use tests 内部使用测试innovation 创新innovativeness 创新性installation 设施in-store display 店内展示in-store positioning 店内布局in-store promotion 店内促销intangibles 无形integrated marketing communication plan (IMC) 整合营销传播计划integration of perception 感知整合integration 整合Intel 因特尔intensity of market position 市场地位的集中程度intensity 集中程度intensive distribution 密集型分销interactions across multiple target markets 多目标市场间的相互作用interactive media 交互式媒体interest rates 利率internal data sources 内部数据来源internal marketing 内部营销internal organizational structure 内部组织结构international advertising 国际广告international channels 国际分销渠道international division 国际分部international marketing 国际营销international organizational design 国际组织设计internationalization of services 服务的国际化introductory stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的推出阶段inventory level 库存水平investor relations advertising 投资关系广告issue advertising 观点广告J Jaquar 美洲豹Jell-O 吉露jobbers 批发商Johnson & Johnson 强生joint ventures 合资jury of executive opinion 行政管理人行政管理人员群体意见法just noticeable difference (JND) 恰巧注意到的差恰巧注意到的差异just-in-time (JIT) management system 准时制管理体系just-in-time purchasing arrangements 及时采购安排K Kao 花王Keiritsu 凯莱通Kellogg 凯洛格公司Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) 肯德基肯德基key account management 主要客户管理key accounts 关键客户key benefits 核心利益key environmental issue identification 确定主要的环境问题key variables 关键变量key/house accounts 关键/机构客户Kmart 凯玛特Kodak 柯达Komatsu 小松公司Kraft 卡芙L laboratory tests 实验室测试leapfrog strategy 蛙跳战略learning hierarchy 学习层级结构legal services 法律服务legislation 立法legitimate power 法定权level of compensation 酬金水平level of technical sophistication 技术的复杂程度Levi Strauss 李维•史特劳斯Levi's 列维斯（全球最大的牛仔服制造商）lexicographic model 词典编纂模型lifestyle 生活方式limited-service wholesalers 有限服务的批发商line extension 产品线扩展line filling 产品线填充line stretching 产品线延伸list price 订价Lloyd's of London 伦敦劳埃德保险公司localizaiton strategy 本地化战略location pricing 场所定价location 位置lodging 房屋出租logistical alliances 后勤联盟long-term memory 长期记忆lost customer 失去的顾客Louis Vuitton 路易•威登（法国著名时尚品牌）low-contact service system 低接触服务系统low-cost defender 低成本防御型low-cost position 低成本地位low-involvement hierarchy 低参与程度层级结构Lucent Technologies 朗讯科技M macro risks 宏观风险macroenvironment 宏观环境macrosegmentation 宏观细分mail-order retailers 邮购零售商maintaining market share 保持市场份额maintenance strategy 保持战略management overhead 管理费mandatory adaptation 强制性适应manufacturer brand 制造商/全国性品牌manufacturers' agents/representatives 生产商的代理商/销售代表manufacturers' export agents (MEA) 制造商出口代理制造商出口代理manufacturers' sales offices/branches 生产商的销售办事处/分支机构manufacturing process 制造过程manufacturing 制造业market aggregation strategy 整体市场战略market attractiveness factors 市场吸引力因素market attractiveness 市场吸引力market attractiveness/business position matrix 市场吸引力/业务地位矩阵market circumstances 市场环境market demorgraphics 市场人口分布/统计特征market dimension 市场量度market entry strategies 市场进入战略market exclusion 市场排斥market expansion strategy 市场扩张战略market factors 市场因素market followers 市场跟随者market growth rate 市场增长率market hirarchy 市场等级market inclusion 市场纳入market leaders 市场领导者market measurement 市场测量market opportunity analysis 市场机会分析market oriented 以市场为导向的market position factors 市场地位因素market positioning analysis 市场定位分析market potential measurements 市场潜力测度market research 市场研究market segment 细分市场market segmentation 市场细分market share 市场份额market targeting 目标市场选择market 市场marketability 市场开拓能力market-entry strategies 市场进入战略marketing action plan 营销行动计划marketing audit 营销审计marketing channel 营销渠道marketing codes of conduct 营销营销行为规范marketing communication 营销沟通/传播marketing concept 营销观念marketing control 营销控制marketing decision support systems (MDSS) 营销决策支持系统marketing environment audit 营销环境审计marketing flows and functions 营销过营销过程和职能marketing function area audit 营销营销功能领域的审计marketing implications of 对营销的影响marketing information system 营销信息系统marketing institutions 营销机构marketing management 营销管理marketing message 营销信息marketing mix 营销组合marketing policy 营销策略marketing productivity area audit 营销营销生产力领域的审计marketing program components 营销计划内容marketing program 营销计划/方案marketing relationship 营销关系marketing research 营销研究marketing strategy 营销战略market-management organizational structure 市场管理组织结构mark-up price 产品/溢价价格Marlboro 万宝路Marriott Hotel 万豪酒店mass-market penetration strategy 大规模市场渗透战略mass-market strategy 大市场战略matrix organizational structure 矩阵组织结构Japan's Matsushita Electric 日本松下电子mature conformists 成熟的随大流者mature markets 成熟市场mature stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的成熟阶段McDonald's 麦当劳McDonnell Douglas 麦道公司MCI电讯公司（前世界通信公司）MDSS (Marketing-Decision Support System) 市场决策支持系统measurability 可测度性measure or index 测量指标measurement criteria 计量标准media audiences 媒体受众medical and health services 医疗卫生服务Medico Containment Services memory of consumers 消费者记忆Mercedes-Benz 梅赛德斯-奔驰Mercer Management Consulting 美国美智管理顾问公司merchandising 推销merchant middlemen 国内贸易中间商merchant wholesalers 商业批发商message structure 信息结构Michael Porter 迈克尔-波特micro risks 微观风险microsegmentatioin 微观细分Miller Tyding ACT, USA 米勒米勒•泰丁法案minging 矿业Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M) 明尼苏达矿业和制造公司Minolta 美能达miscellaneous sources 多方面来源mission 宗旨missionary selling 推销式销售Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 三菱重工modified rebuy 调整再购monosegment positioning 单一细分市场定位Monsanto 孟山都农业生物技术公司moral appeals 伦理/道德诉求morals 道德Motorola 摩托罗拉multichannel distribution 多渠道分销multidimensional scaling 多维等级法multilevel selling 多级销售multinational coporations (MNCs) 跨国公司multiple test markets 多测试市场multiple-brand strategy 多品牌战略multiple-factor index 多因素指数法multisegment positioning 多重细分市场定位mutual trust 相互信仸N Nabisco Biscuit 纳贝斯克饼干公司national account management 全国性客户管理national market 国内市场National Semiconductor 美国国家半导体公司natural products 天然产品NEC 日本电子Nescafé雀巢咖啡Nestlé雀巢net sales 净销售额network computer (NC) 网络计算机new business selling 新业务销售new buy 购入新产品new entrants 新进入者new markets 新市场new materials 新材料New Prod screening model 新普新普罗德筛选模型new product lines 新产品线new products 新产品new-product development 新产品开发new-product ideas 新产品创意Newsweek 《新闻周刊》new-task buying 全新采购new-to-the-world products 世界性新产品niche penetration strategy 壁龛/机会市场渗透战略niche-market strategy 壁龛市场战略Nike 耐克Nissan 尼桑no-brand brand name 无品牌的品牌名称no-frills product 无虚饰产品noise in communication system 传播系统中的噪音non-financial rewards 非物质性奖励措施non-probability sampling 非概率抽样non-profit organization 非盈利组织non-store retailing 无店铺零售业number of stockouts 迟滞数目O object-and-task method of promotion budgeting 目标-仸务促销预算法objectives and strategy area audit 目标与战略领域的审计objectives 具体目标observation 观察法occupancy costs 房屋占用成本occupation/position 职业/职位odd pricing 奇/余数定价法OEM (original equipment manufacturer) 原始原始设备制造商oeverall quality 总体质量off-invoice discounts 发票之外的折扣offsets 抵消交易Omega 欧米加on-air testing 广播测试OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 欧佩克（石油输出国组织）opening relationships 建立关系operating supplies 生产供应品operational excellence 运作管理水平opinion leaders 意见领导者opportunity cost 机会成本opportunity identification 机会识别opportunity/threat matrix 机会/威胁矩阵order cycle time 订货周期order processing 订单处理organisational level 组织层次organizaitonal requirement planning 组织需求计划organization area audit 组织领域的审计organization buying center 组织采购中心organizational customer 组织顾客organizational direct selling 组织直销organizational markets 组织市场organizational purchasing 组织采购organzational structure 组织结构outdoor enthusiasts 户外运动爱好者out-of-home media 户外广告媒体overall cost leadership 全面成本领先overheads 日常开支overseas direct investment 海外直接投资ownership of new product 新产品所有权P Pacific Electric 太平洋电气packaging 包装panel of experts 专家小组parentage 渊源parties involved 交换中的各方payment terms 支付条款pay-off control 支出控制penetration pricing 渗透定价Pepsi-Cola 百事可乐perceived customer value 顾客感知价值perceived quality 感知到的质量perceived value 感知到的价值percentage of sales promotion budgeting method 销售额百分比促销预算法perceptions of consumers 消费者感知/理解perceptual (product) pisitioning 感知（产品）定位perceptual map 感知图perceptual organization 感知组织perceptual vigilance 感性的警惕performance dimension 业绩标准performance evaluation 业绩评估performance measures 表现/业绩测度performance objective 绩效目标performance standards 绩效标准performance 功能perishability 非持久性personal selling 人员推销personal sources 个人的信息来源personnel development 人力资源开发persuasive 说服性的pharmaceuticals industry 医药行业physical (product) positioning 物理（产品）定位physical descriptors 物理变量physical distribution 实物分销Pillsbury 皮尔斯博瑞pioneers 先入者Pizza Hut 必胜客place utility 地点效用planning and control system area audit 计划与控制系统领域的审计point of sale information 销售点信息point-of-purhcase (POP) promotion 采购点促销point-of-sales (POS) data 销售点数据pontificator 保守派popularity 通用性population trends 人口趋势portfolio models for resource allocation 资源配置的资产组合模式position intensity 地位集中程度positioning 定位possession utility 拥有效用post-purchase dissonance 购买后的不协调post-purchase evaluation 购买后评估post-purchase/after-sale service 售后服务potential advantages 潜在优势potential customer 潜在顾客potential market 潜在市场potential target market 潜在目标市场power in distribution 分销权力power of buyers 购买者能力power of suppliers 供应商能力predatory pricing 掠夺性定价法pre-empting scarce resources 先占稀缺资源preferential treatment 特惠待遇premiums 额外奖励present competitors 现有的竞争者presenting sales message 提供销售信息pre-test market research 测试前市场研究price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求的价格需求的价格弹性price fixing 价格设定price leaders 价格领导者price lining 价格排列定价法price promotion 价格促销price quotation 报价price sensitivity 价格敏感度price structure 价格结构price 价格price/earnings ration 价格/收益比price-off promotions 降价促销price-setting process 定价过程pricing adjustments 定价调整pricing policies 价格策略pricing 定价primary demand 基本需求primary sources 第一类/主要数据print media 印刷媒体private/for-profit organization 私营/盈利性组织PRIZM (Potential Rating Index for Zip Markets) 按邮政区划为基础的潜力等级指数proactive new-product development strategy 进取型新产品开发战略probability sampling 概率抽样problem formulation 界定问题problem identificatioin 确定问题process management 过程管理Procter & Gamble (P&G) 宝洁公司。
市场营销专业英语
市场营销专业英语1. Introduction市场营销是一个在不断发展和变化的行业，因此对于市场营销专业人士来说，掌握专业英语是至关重要的。
市场营销专业英语是指与市场营销相关的词汇、短语、表达方式等的英语。
掌握市场营销专业英语，可以帮助市场营销人员更好地理解和应对市场营销的挑战。
本文将介绍一些常用的市场营销专业英语词汇和表达方式。
2. Market Research市场研究是市场营销的重要组成部分，它可以帮助企业了解市场需求和竞争情况。
以下是一些与市场研究相关的英语词汇和表达方式：•Market research (市场研究)•Market analysis (市场分析)•Target market (目标市场)•Consumer behavior (消费者行为)•Competitor analysis (竞争对手分析)•Market segmentation (市场细分)•Market trends (市场趋势)•Data analysis (数据分析)•Survey (调查)•Focus group (焦点小组)3. Marketing Strategy市场营销策略是企业实现营销目标的重要手段。
以下是一些与市场营销策略相关的英语词汇和表达方式：•Marketing strategy (营销策略)•Branding (品牌建设)•Positioning (定位)•Competitive advantage (竞争优势)•Promotion (促销)•Advertising (广告)•Public relations (公关)•Sales promotion (销售促进)•Product launch (产品发布)•Pricing strategy (定价策略)4. Digital Marketing数字营销是近年来快速发展的市场营销方式，它利用互联网和数字技术来进行营销活动。
以下是一些与数字营销相关的英语词汇和表达方式：•Digital marketing (数字营销)•Search engine optimization (搜索引擎优化)•Social media marketing (社交媒体营销)•Content marketing (内容营销)•Email marketing (电子邮件营销)•Pay-per-click advertising (按点击付费广告)•Conversion rate optimization (转化率优化)•Web analytics (网站分析)•Influencer marketing (影响者营销)•Online advertising (在线广告)5. Sales and Customer Relationship Management销售和客户关系管理是市场营销中不可或缺的部分。
营销关键词英语词汇
营销关键词市场（Market）市场功能（Market Function）市场营销（Marketing）市场分析（Market Analyze）生产（Production）微观营销（Mirco-marketing）宏观营销（Marco-marketing）经济体制（Economic system）计划经济体制（Planned economics system）市场导向经济体制（Market-directed economics system）营销的一般功能（Universal functions of marketing）购买功能（Buying function）推销功能（Selling function）运输功能（Transporting function）营销的信息功能（Marketing information system）营销伦理（Marketing ethics）体验营销（Experiential Marketing）营销哲学（Marketing philosophy）生产观念（Production concept）产品观念（Product concept）推销观念(Selling concept)营销观念（Marketing concept）社会营销（Social Marketing concept）顾客让渡价值（Customer demisability value）顾客价值（Customer value）市场营销环境（Marketing environment）环境威胁（Environment threaten）市场机会（Marketing opportunity）微观市场营销环境（Micro marketing environment）宏观市场营销环境（Macro marketing environment）市场营销渠道企业（Marketing channel enterprise）竞争环境（Competitive environment）竞争者分析（Competitor analysis）竞争对手（Competitive rivals）竞争障碍（Competitive barriers）国家主义（Nationalism）消费者运动（Cunsumerism）文化和社会环境（Cultural and social environment）消费者市场(Consumer market)消费者需求(Consumer Demand)复杂的购买行为(Complex purchase action)消费者购买动机(Consumer purchase motivation)消费者购买动机(Consumer purchase modality)消费者购买程序(Consumer purchase procedure)生产者购买行为(Producer purchase action)生产资料(Production material)生产者市场需求(Producer market demand)生产资料购买决策(Production material purchase decision)企业和组织市场（Business and organization customer）采购经理（Purchasing managers）多种购买影响（Multiple buying influence）准点交货（Just-in-time delivery）营销调研（maketing research）第一/二手资料（primary/secondary data）定性研究（qualitative research）定量研究（quatitative research）小组访谈（focus group interview）消费者普查（consumer panels）随机抽样（random sampling）科学方法（scientific method）情景分析（situation analysis）研究建议书（research proposal）反馈率（response rate）实验法（experimental method）统计软件包（statistical packages）总体（population）样本（sample）置信区间（confidence intervals）有效性（validity）市场需求(Market demand)潜在市场(potential market)市场需求的多维性(Multidimensional market demand)市场份额(Market share)市场预测(Market forecast)预测模型(Forecast model)统计(statistics)德尔菲法(Delphi method)时间序列法(Time sequence method)回归分析(Regression analysis)信息技术(Information technology)市场预测信息系统（Market forecast information system）市场细分(Market segmentation)目标市场(Target Market)无差异营销战略（Undifferentiated marketing strategy）差异性营销战略(Differentiated marketing strategy)集中性营销战略(centrality marketing strategy)市场定位(Market positioning)竞争优势（Competitive advantage）差异化（Differentiation）S.W.O.T.分析法（S.W.O.T.analysis）市场渗透（Market penetration）市场发展（Market development）产品发展（Product development）多样化（Diversification）一般市场（General market）产品市场（Product-market）市场竞争（Market competition）竞争对手(Opponent)完全垄断（Pure Monopoly）寡头垄断(Oligopoly)垄断竞争(Monopolistic competition)完全竞争(Pure competition)市场领导者(Market Leader)市场挑战者(Market challenger)竞争模式(Competition mode)市场强度(Market intention)市场能力(Market ability)企业竞争策略(Enterprise competition strategy)产品(Product)产品整体概念产品组合(Product combination)产品线(Product line)产品项目(Product project)产品生命周期(Product life circle)市场成长（Market growth）市场成熟（Market maturity）流行（Fashion）时尚（Fad）产品责任（Product liability）产品经理（Product managers）成本导向定价(Cost oriented pricing)需求导向定价(Demand oriented pricing)竞争导向定价(Competition oriented pricing)折扣定价(Discount Pricing)地区定价(Area pricing)声望定价(Reputation pricing)差别定价（differentiated pricing）撇脂定价(Skimming pricing)渗透定价(Penetration pricing)目标利润率目标（Target return objective）利润最大化目标（Profit maximization objective）销售导向目标（Sales-oriented objective）单一价格策略（One-price pricing）弹性价格策略（Flexible-price policy）折扣（Discounts）补贴（Allowances）分销渠道(Distribution channel)分销模式(Distribution mode)批发商(Wholesaler)零售商(Distributor)销售区域(Distribution area)物流管理(Logistics management)实体分配(Physical distribution)垂直营销系统（Vertical marketing system）零售（Retailing）专卖店（Specialty shop）大众商品销售观念（Mass merchandising concepet）特许经营（Franchise operation）客户服务水平（Custmet service level）供应链（Supply chain）存货（Inventory）配送中心（Distribution center）销售队伍(Sales force)销售人员(Salesman)推销技巧(Salesmanship)包装策略(Packaging Strategy)包装设计(Package Design)直接营销(Direct marketing)促销(Promotion)推式策略(Push Strategy)拉式策略(Pull Strategy)人员推销（Personal selling）整合营销传播（Intergrated marketing communications）AIDA模型（Attention,interest,desire,action,model）团队销售（Team selling）销售区域（Sales territory）销售定额（Sales quota）销售介绍（Sales presentation）广告(Advertising)广告媒体(Advertising media)媒体组合(Media combination)广告设计(Advertisement Designing)效果测评(Effect evaluation)产品广告（Product advertising）企业形象广告（Institutional advertising）品牌(Brand)品牌名称(Brand name)品牌标志(Brand symbol)品牌要素(Brand elements)品牌作用(Brand effect)品牌资产(Brand value)品牌策略(Brand strategy)商标（Trademark）品牌熟悉度（Brand familiarity）品牌识别（Brand recognition）品牌偏好（Brand preference）品牌执著（Brand insistence）包装（Packaging）统一产品编码（Universal product code:UPC）公共关系(Public relationships)公众（Public）团体（Organization sodality）媒体（Media）调研活动（Investigation activity）专题活动（Special topic activity）赞助（sponsor）公益事业（Commonweal project）宣传部门（Publicity）新闻界关系（Press relations）游说（Canvassing）内部沟通（Inner communication）市场营销管理(Marketing management)市场营销计划(Marketing planning)市场营销预算(Marketing budget)市场营销组织(Marketing Organization)市场营销控制(Marketing control)市场营销审计(Marketing audit)全面质量管理（Total quality management-TQM）持续改进（Continuous improvement）直方图（Pareto chart）鱼刺图（Fishbone diagram）自主权（Empowerment）优胜基准（Benchmarking）销售分析（Sales analysis）绩效分析（Performance analysis）非营利组织营销(Nonprofit organization marketing)非营利组织市场(Nonprofit organization market)服务市场营销(Service marketing)服务质量(Service quality)服务利润链(Service profit chain)顾客保留(Retention)相关销售(Related sales)顾客满意度(Customer satisfaction)互联网(Internet)电子商务(E-commerce)电子数据交换(Electronic data exchange)网络营销(Cyber-marketing)文化市场营销(Culture marketing)整合营销(Integrated marketing)国际营销(International marketing)。