unit 1 Your College Years
第二版 现代大学英语精读 3 Unit1 Your- College- Years答辩
Stage 1: Infant Trust vs Mistrust Needs maximum comfort with minimal uncertainty to trust himself/herself, others, and the environment.
⑴婴儿期（0～1.5岁）：基本信任和不信任的心理冲突 此阶段的发展任务是获得信任感，克服不信任感。
人格发展的八阶段理论
埃里克森认为，人的自我意识发展持续一生，他 把自我意识的形成和发展过程划分为八个阶段， 这八个阶段的顺序是由遗传决定的，但是每一阶 段能否顺利度过却是由环境决定的，所以这个理 论可称为"心理社会"阶段理论。每一个阶段都是 不可忽视的。他的人格终生发展论，为不同年龄 段的教育提供了理论依据和教育内容，任何年龄 段的教育失误，都会给一个人的终生发展造成障 碍。它也告诉每个人你为什么会成为现在这个样 子，你的心理品质哪些是积极的，哪些是消极的， 多在哪个年龄段形成的，给你以反思的依据。
III. Erickson’s Developmental Stages
Basic Theory: Babies are born with some basic capabilities and distinct temperaments. But they go through dramatic changes on the way to adulthood and old age. According to psychologist Erik H. Erikson, each individual passes through eight developmental stages.
He is also a part-time pastor.
Unit1_warm-up
Part One
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Unit 1 – Your College Years
Warm-up
I. Warm-up Questions II. Myths and Facts Regarding College Experience III.On Seasons in College IV. A Song
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Unit 1 – Your College Years
II. Myths and Facts Regarding College Experience
Myth 4: I am the only one that doesn't have it all.
changes are occurring
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Unit 1 – Your College Years
பைடு நூலகம்
I.
Warm-up Questions
3. What’s your purpose of receiving a college education?
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Unit 1 – Your College Years
I.
Warm-up Questions
1. As a sophomore, what is your general impression of college?
Your College Years 课文翻译
一、译文大学时代鲍勃·哈特曼[1] 作为一名大学生，你考虑过那些在你的生活中正在发生和即将发生的变化吗? 你是否想过，教授们以及其他教职工为了你的成长及成熟曾经制定了某些目标? 你是否意识到，从青少年迈向成人的过程中，你的个人发展会发生某些变化呢? 尽管大学生们很少思考这些问题，但是，他们在大学期间很可能会发生一些重大的变化。
[2] 在此期间，学生们正在经受自我认同危机，而且，他们正在竭力了解自己的身份，以及自身的优缺点。
当然，他们的优缺点都不少。
重要的是要了解人们如何看待自己，以及其他人又如何看待自己。
皮尔斯和兰多曾在一篇文章中讨论了埃里克·H·爱里克森在《世界社会科学百科全书》中的有关理论。
根据他们的观点，性格特征是由遗传基因(即父母的遗传) 决定的，是由环境塑造而成的，并受偶然事件影响的。
人们受环境的影响，反过来也影响他们所处的环境。
人们如何看待自己扮演的这两个角色无疑正是他们性格特征的一部分。
[3] 当学生们经历自我认同危机的过程中，他们会渐渐独立于父母，然而，他们也有可能仍然非常依赖父母。
这种独立与依赖之间的冲突构成了青春期后期生活的一大部分。
实际上，如果他们选择继续接受大学教育，这种冲突很可能会愈发激烈。
高中一毕业，一些学生会选择立即参加工作，这种选择的结果是他们可能在经济上不再依赖父母。
但是，大学生们已经选择了继续发展，选择了学习需要几年的时间才能掌握的新技能，因此，他们可能至少在一定程度上还要依靠父母。
[4] 1984年4月，杰弗里·A·霍夫曼在《心理咨询杂志》上发表了题为《青春期后期青少与父母的分离》的文章，他提出，孩子与父母的心理分离包含四个方面。
第一，功能独立，它包括个人独自处理实际事务和个人事务的能力，如理财、选择着装和决定日程安排。
第二，态度独立，也就是个人学会正确看待和接受自己与父母在态度、价值观和信仰上的差异。
第三个心理分离过程是情感独立。
YourCollegeYears现代大学英语BookUnit
现代大学英语Book 3 Unit 1Your College Years〔 By Bob Harter〕1.Have you ever considered the changes that are taking place and will take place in your life as a college student? Has it ever occurred to you that your professors and other school personnel have certain goals for your growth and maturity during your college years? Has it ever dawned on you that certain developmental changes will occur in your life as you move from adolescence to young adulthood? Though college students seldom think about them, key changes will probably happen to them during their college years.1你可曾考虑过作为一个大学生你生活中正在发生和马上发生的变化你可曾想到过大学时代教授们以及其他教职工为了你的成长和睁开拟定了目标你可曾注意过你在从青少年渐渐成人的过程中会发生某些变化尽管大学生很少想这些，但是在大学生时代很可能会发生一些主要的变化。
2.During this time, students are going through an identity crisis and are endeavoring to find out who they are and what their strengths and weaknessesare. They have, of course, plenty of both. It is important to know how people perceive themselves as well as how other people perceive them. According to Piers and Landau, in an article discussing the theories of Erik H. Erickson in International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences (1979), identity is determined by genetic endowment (what is inherited from parents), shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events. People are influenced by their environment and, in turn, influence their environment. How people see themselves in both roles is unquestionably a part of their identity.2在这段时期，学生们正经受自我认同危机，他们努力要认识自己的身份，掌握自己的优缺点。
Unit 1 Your College Years(大学生活)(课堂PPT)
Warming up Questions/Activities
3. identity crisis: the difficulties, confusions and anxieties that one goes through when he/she is not sure who he/she is and what his/her purpose in life is
Text Analysis
Style
4. Techniques:
How do we make a quotation?
• quotation, e.g.
in…(source); according to…; sb remarks/observes/comments/points out/defines…
(para. 4).
Warming up Objectives
1. Understand the key psychological concepts. 2. Understand the structure of the essay. 3. Appreciate the formality of the writing style. 4. Learn about some useful writing techniques—quotation,
Your College Years
Bob Hartman
Your College Years
Unit 1
W arming up B ackground T ext Analysis R einforcement
Your College Years
现代大学英语3 unit1_extension
3. There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means __to_m__ak_e__ trouble. (make)
12. The teacher doesn’t permit ___C__ in class.
A. smoke
B. to smoke
C. smoking
D. to have a smoke
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II. Quiz 3
Lesson 1 – Your College Years
10. Your advice would be __A___ valuable to him,
who is at present at his wit’s end.
A. excessively
B. exceedingly
C. extensively
D. exclusively
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6. The man in the corner confessed to _h_a_vi_n_g_to_l_d a lie to the manager of the company. (tell)
7. We can’t understand his _a_c_ti_ng__ like that. (act)
Lesson_1_Your_College_Years
Dependence-independence change
dependence
|| 12
1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7
new born stage infant early adolescence teenager young adult adult old age
BACK
Forming world outlook
Religious faith Values Morals
BACK
Organizing knowledge
Gather knowledge Process knowledge Apply knowledge
BACK
Awareness of Cultural Differences
Lesson One
Your College Years
Teacher: 樊伟
Structure of the text
Developmental changes
• • • • Experiencing Identity crisis The independence-dependence struggle Establishing Sexual identity Learning how to give and receive affection in the adult world • Forming world outlook • Developing new ways to organize knowledge • Being aware of people of different cultures
Dependence-independence change in a person’s life
Unit 1 Your College Years
Unit 1 Your College Years教师：肖燕姣教学目的1. Get to know about the author Bob Harter2. Grasp the words and phrases: affection affirm apply capability contribute be equal to dawn on/upon drag one’s feet for certain freedom/free from3. Grasp the rhetoric device: antithesis4. Understand the difficult sentences in the text.5. Grasp the main idea and writing features of the text.教学内容1．课文背景介绍（1／2学时）2．语言难点（2学时）3．语言技能训练（1／2学时）4．难句讲解（1学时）5．写作修辞分析（1／2学时）6．篇章结构分析（1／2学时）7．课堂讨论（1／2学时）8．练习及作业（1／2学时）教学重点1．掌握重点词汇及其同义、同形词辨析。
2．对比修辞手法。
3．加强学生的口语练习。
教学方法讲授＋问答＋讨论＋练习教学手段多媒体＋黑板＋网络教学内容1．课文背景介绍（1／2学时）文章作者介绍About the Author1. AuthorBob Hartman was born in Pittsburgh , the United States , and moved to England in the summer of 2000. He has been working as a storyteller for children for more than a decade and is apart-time pastor.2. Erik H. EricksonErik H. Erikson (1902 — 1994）, was a German-born American psychoanalyst whose writings on social psychology, individual identity, and the interactions of psychology with history, politics, and culture influenced professional approaches to psychosocial problems and attracted much popular interest. He was most famous for his work on refining and expanding Freud’s theory of developmental stages.3. Erickson’s Theory of Developmental StagesBasic Theory:Babies are born with some basic capabilities and distinct temperaments. But they go through dramatic changes on the way to adulthood, and while growing old. According to psychologist Erik H. Erikson, each individual passes through eight developmental stages.Stage 1: Infant Trust vs MistrustStage 2: Toddler Autonomy vs Shame and DoubtWorks to master physical environment while maintaining self-esteemStage 3: Preschooler Initiative vs GuiltBegins to initiate, not imitate, activities; develops conscience and sexual identityStage 4: School-Age Child Industry vs InferiorityTries to develop a sense of self-worth by refining skillsStage 5: Adolescent Identity vs Role ConfusionTries integrating many roles (child, sibling, student, athlete,worker) into a self-image under role model and peer pressure.Stage 6: Young Adult Intimacy vs IsolationLearns to make personal commitment to another as spouse, parent or partner.Needs maximum comfort with minimal uncertainty to trust himself/herself, others, and the environmentStage 7: Middle-Age Adult Generativity vs StagnationSeeks satisfaction through productivity in career, family, and civic interestsStage 8: Older Adult2．语言难点（2学时）Affection n. a gentle feeling of love and caringEvery mother has / feels affection toward her children.He is held in great affection.affectionateHe looks at her with affectionate looks.Affirm v. to declare (usually again) positively; to strengthen beliefs, ideas, or feelings affirm one’s judgment/innocenceaffirm sth. to sb.affirm that it is trueadj. affirmativeaffirmative reply/nod / reactionapply v. 1. to make a formal and usually written request for a job, position etc.She is applying for a scholarship.2. to use a method, law, principle etc. in a particular situationWe should apply what we have learned to practice.3. to affect or concern sb. or sth.Not all natural laws can apply to human society.4. to bring sth. into nearness or contact with sth.Apply some of this ointment to the swollen part, and the pain will soon be gone.Capability n. the natural ability, skill, or power that makes you able to do sth.He has the capabilities of solving / to solve practical problems.It’s quite above his capabilities.Contribute v. a. join with others in giving help, money, etc. 捐赠；捐助；b. to help to cause or produce 有助于；促成contribute food and clothing for the refugeescontribute to the Red CrossExer cises contribute to one’s health.Drinking contributed to his ruin.distribute 分发；分配；散布distribute pictures among childrendistribute magazines to subscribersdistribute manure over a fieldattribute n. 属性；性质; 本性v. 归于；归因于Politeness is an attribute of a gentleman.This comedy is attributed to Shakespeare.He attributes his success to hard work.Counsel v. (fml) to advisen. advice; opinion; suggestioncounsel an early start / patienceHe counseled their giving up / to give up the plancounsellor n. adviser; lawyerdistinct adj. clearly different or belonging to a different type;easily seen, understood; plainSilk is distinct from rayon.They are similar in form but distinct in kind.There is a distinct improvement in his pronunciation.He is at a distinct advantage in the competition.distinctive: adj. serving to mark a difference or make distinct 区别性的；有特色的Soldiers wear a distinctive uniform.endeavor v. (fml) to try very hardn. (fml) effort ; attemptHe endeavored to calm himself down but in vain.His endeavors to persuade her to go with him failed.Endowment n. a quality or ability that someone has naturally；禀赋；才能money, property, etc given to provide an income 捐助；捐赠They are men of great endowments.The Oxford and Cambridge colleges have numerous endowments.endowv. possess naturally, be born with; give money, property to provide for(a college)That hospital is privately endowed.She is endowed with both beauty and brains.Ethical adj. connected with principles of what is right and what is wrong 道德的；伦理的an ethical principle 道德原则an ethical basis for educationethnic adj. of race or the races of mankind; (colloq) of a particular cultural group种族的；具有种族特色的ethnic clothes / food / music / restaurantsexcessive adj. much more than is reasonable or necessaryexcessive rainfallexcessive chargesn. excess an excess of enthusiasmThat is a city with a population in excess of two million.handle1. to touch, lift or turn with the handsThis box contains delicate china. Please handle with care.2. to operate with the handsThis computer is easy to handle.3. to manage, control or cope withWe have to handle the relationship between our two countries carefully. 4.buy and sellThis shop does not handle imported goods.Inherit v. to receive g enetic characters from one’s parentsinherit money/estate/titleShe inherited her mother’s good looks and her father’s bad temper.n. inheritance 继承；遗传heritage 遗产literary~ national~interpret v. 1. make clear the meaning of (either in words or by artistic performance) interpret a difficult passage in a book2. consider to be the meaning ofWe interpreted his silence as a refusal.3. give an immediate oral translation ofWill you interpret for the foreign visitors?Inhibition n. (psych) a feeling of worry or embarrassment that stops you doingor saying what you really want to (心理）抑制Wine weakens a person’s inhibitions.酒能减弱一个人的抑制力。
现代大学英语课后答案（第三册）LessonOneYourcollegeYears
现代大学英语课后答案（第三册）LessonOneYourcollegeYearsLesson One Your college YearsAnswers:V ocabulary:I.Translate.1)into Chinese.(1).政治上的成熟(2).认同危机(3)遗传工程(4)偶然事件(5)青春期(6)每天工作日程(7)处理日常生活的能力(8)异性(9)生活方式2) into English。
(1) to acquire knowledge (2)to define the word(3) to resent the treatment (4)to frustrate the students(5) to drag one’s feet (6)to process knowledge(7) to narrow the gap (8)to expect better results(9) to present factsII. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.1)Give synonyms.(1)objective, purpose, end (2)to increase/to enlarge/to grow(3)clear(4) choice (5)main/chief/principal/leading (6)strong feeling 2) Give antonyms(1)masculine (2)independence (3)incompetent(4)to narrow (5)to exclude (6)mistrust/distrust(7)to discourage (8)indistinct/unclear/vagueIII. Translate1)She intends to apply for that academic position.2)Many people have observed that , without effective checks , we have a tendency to abuse ourpower.3)Some countries refuse to get involved in this dispute and they resent any foreign interference.4)According to the agreement , all business policies should apply to everybody without anyprejudice.You have to take into consideration the local conditions when you apply these technologies.5)Based on his careful observation of the children’s behavior he came to the conclusion thatlearning is a nature pleasure.6)The government is determined to severely punish all the corrupt officials involved.IV. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word.1) C 2)B 3)B 4)D 5)B 6)A 7)D 8)B 9)AV. Choose the right word in their proper forms.1)(1) object (2) objectives (3) objective (4) objective(5) objects2)(1)requires (2) requires (3)acquire (4)acquire (5)inquire3)(1) anxious (2)anxiously (3)eager (4)eager/anxious (5)eager/anxiousVI. Grammar1)Translate these sentences into English.(1)More and more old people are learning how to surf/use the Internet.(2)We must bear in mind that there is no shortcut in learning.(3)I’d like to have a chat with you about your term paper sometime this week.(4)They all remember where they were when they heard the shocking news.(5)Whenever you face a decisions you have three choices: do what you please; do whatothers do; or do what is right.2)Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.(1)C (2)B (3)A (4)C (5)A。
YourCollegeYears课文翻译
一、译文大学时代鲍勃·哈特曼[1] 作为一名大学生，你考虑过那些在你的生活中正在发生和即将发生的变化吗?你是否想过，教授们以及其他教职工为了你的成长及成熟曾经制定了某些目标? 你是否意识到，从青少年迈向成人的过程中，你的个人发展会发生某些变化呢? 尽管大学生们很少思考这些问题，但是，他们在大学期间很可能会发生一些重大的变化。
[2] 在此期间，学生们正在经受自我认同危机，而且，他们正在竭力了解自己的身份，以及自身的优缺点。
当然，他们的优缺点都不少。
重要的是要了解人们如何看待自己，以及其他人又如何看待自己。
皮尔斯和兰多曾在一篇文章中讨论了埃里克·H·爱里克森在《世界社会科学百科全书》中的有关理论。
根据他们的观点，性格特征是由遗传基因(即父母的遗传) 决定的，是由环境塑造而成的，并受偶然事件影响的。
人们受环境的影响，反过来也影响他们所处的环境。
人们如何看待自己扮演的这两个角色无疑正是他们性格特征的一部分。
[3] 当学生们经历自我认同危机的过程中，他们会渐渐独立于父母，然而，他们也有可能仍然非常依赖父母。
这种独立与依赖之间的冲突构成了青春期后期生活的一大部分。
实际上，如果他们选择继续接受大学教育，这种冲突很可能会愈发激烈。
高中一毕业，一些学生会选择立即参加工作，这种选择的结果是他们可能在经济上不再依赖父母。
但是，大学生们已经选择了继续发展，选择了学习需要几年的时间才能掌握的新技能，因此，他们可能至少在一定程度上还要依靠父母。
[4] 1984年4月，杰弗里·A·霍夫曼在《心理咨询杂志》上发表了题为《青春期后期青少与父母的分离》的文章，他提出，孩子与父母的心理分离包含四个方面。
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unit 1 Your College Years
I Translate the following expressions
⑪Into English
define the word
resent the treatment
frustrate the students／make the students upset declare war
evaluate the result
perform one's duty
narrow the gap
expand business
present the facts
⑫Into Chinese
认识自己的优缺点
进人职场
学会管理个人财务
凡事都得请父母做主
为我们将来如何扮演男人或女人的角色作准备
逐步培养和建立自己的宗教信仰、道德和价值观念
学会选择着装
确定个人身份
怀疑并反抗旧观念
.向权威叫板和挑战
2 Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the appropriate words listed
①occurrence, occur
②applied, applicants, pursuits, occurring
③involves, handled, handling, pursue
④observant, occurrence
⑤observation, observed, occur
⑥ handle, occurred
⑦ observe, application
⑧ occurred, involvement
⑨ observers, handled
⑩ observation
3 Translate the following sentences into English.
• He is so devoted to his research that it never occurs to him that he will soon have to retire.
•Many people have observed that, without effective checks, we all have a tendency to abuse our power.
•Some countries refuse to get involved in this dispute and they resent any foreign interference.
•The control of sand storms will involve a tremendous amount of work and money.
• You have to take the local conditions into consideration when you apply these technologies
•All applicants will have to fill out these forms and mail in an application fee of 50 dollars.
• Based on his careful observation of children's behavior, he came to the conclusion that learning is a natural pleasure.
• In a country of many nationalities, ethnic harmony requires very careful handling.
• The government is determined to punish all the corrupt officials involved.
• Cheating at/on exams does not occur very often. But when it does, the school takes a very tough position.
4 Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
1. C 6. D
2. B 7. A
3. C 8. B
4. A 9. D
5. C 10. A
5 Choose the right words in their proper forms.
• object objectives objective objective objects
• requires requires acquire acquire inquire
• entrusted entrusted trust believed, believed trust
• repaid pay, repay place repay placed, replaced • anxious anxiously. eager eager/anxious eager/anxious
6Translate the selection into Chinese.
•我们人类成长的过程与海里的虾蟹颇相似。
龙虾的成长需要不断长出又脱去保护其肉体的硬壳。
每次它从内向外扩展时，限制它发展的硬壳必须得脱掉，在替代旧壳的新壳长出之前，其肉体就暴露无遗，极易受到伤害。
•在人类从一个阶段过渡到下一个成长阶段的过程中，我们也必须脱掉一套保护性的机制，这使我们完全暴露，极为脆弱，但同样会帮助我们过渡到新的成长期，使我们以前所未有的方式发展。
人类这种“脱壳”每次可能需要几年或者更长的时间完成。
不过每完成一个阶段的成长，我们就进入一个更长也更稳定的阶段，在新的阶段我们可以获得相对的平静，重新获得一种心理平衡感……
•我们看到，每个人都以自己独特的方式应对这些发展阶段。
有些人永远完不成整个过程。
我们当中谁也不能一蹴而就地一一比如说通过从父母的家直接进入职场或婚姻这种方式一一解决我们与童年时的看护者分离过程中面临的各类难题。
我们也不可能通过将自己的梦想转换为具体目标，而一劳永逸地达到自
立的境界，即使是实现了这些目标。
一个时期的核心问题或任务从不会是全部完成，而后打包搁置一边。
然而当这些问题已不再是首要任务，当前阶段的生活机制已经达到其目的时，我们迈进下一发展阶段的时机就已成熟。