沪教牛津版英语七年级上册知识点总结
初一沪教版牛津英语知识点汇总
初一沪教版牛津英语知识点汇总Module1Unit1一，核心词汇1.first第一2.second第二3.third第三4.fourth第四5.fifith第五6.sixth第六7.party派对，聚会8.begain开始9.bring带来10.wear穿着11.favourite最喜欢的二，词组1. at Peter’s birthday party在Peter的生日聚会上2. on the 19th of September在9月19日3.on Sunday在周日4．at two o’clock在两点5. in the afternoon在下午6. at night 在晚上7. sb. be tired某人很累8. my favourite color我最喜欢的颜色9. That sounds interesting.那听上去有趣10. I can’t wait!我等不及了！11. Happy Birthday!生日快乐12. Welcome to my party.欢迎来我的派对13. a pair of orange trousers一条橙色的裤子14. make a birthday invitation制作一张生日请帖15. make a hat制作一顶帽子16. have some fun过得高兴17. birthday present生日礼物三，词汇解释1.bring，take，carry辨析bring是指把人或物从别处带到说话人所在的地方。
例如：Bring me some water, please.请给我取点水来。
carry及物动词，“搬运，运送”，一般是指搬运较重的物品。
例如：carry a box on one’s shoulder扛着箱子carry a baby on one’s back 背着孩子“携带，带”例如：Almost every teacher carries a watch.差不多每位教师都带着一只表。
2024秋沪教牛津新七年级英语上册知识点清单(背诵版)
2024秋沪教牛津新七年级上知识点清单handout（背诵版）Unit 1 Friendship重点词汇一、词性分类1.Nounsguitar吉他courage勇气;胆量friendship友谊;朋友关系admiration钦佩;赞赏respect尊敬;尊重support支持;鼓励trust信任;信赖survey调查quality品质;品德appearance外貌thought想法end 结局heart心2. verbsimprove改进;改善describe描述;形容rise 上升3. adjectiveshonest诚实的patient有耐心的confident自信的;有自信心的personal个性的caring 关心他人的;体贴人的straight直的dark褐色的;乌黑的same同—的;相同的basic基本的;基础的glad高兴的;愉快的4. adverbshowever然而二、词性转换1. courage n.勇气;胆量—encourage v.鼓励2. admiration n.羡慕;钦佩—admire v.羡慕;钦佩3. respect n.尊敬;尊重—respectful adj.表示敬意的;尊敬的4. support v.支持—supportive adj.支持的;鼓励的5. trust n.信任—trustful adj.轻信的trustworthy adj.值得信赖的6. appearance n.外貌;出现—appear v.出现;显得;似乎7. improve v改进;改善—improvement n.改进;改善8. describe v描述—description n.描述9. honest adj.诚实的—honesty n.诚实—dishonest adj.不诚实的10. patient adj.有耐心的—patience n.耐心impatient adj.没有耐心的11. confident adj.自信的;有信心的—confidence n.信心三．一词多义1. respect n.& v尊敬;尊重 3. trust n. & v.信任;信赖2. support n.& v支持;鼓励 4..straight adj.直的adv.笔直地;径直重点短语1. be good at擅长10. watch over照管;监督2. turn to sb. for help向某人求助11. rise into 上升到3. after school放学后12.cry out大叫;叫喊4. be willing to do 愿意做某事13. cry oneself to sleep哭着入睡5. thanks to多亏了14. wake up醒;醒来6. count on依靠(=depend on)15. come and go来去7. medium height中等身高16. take somebody's place替代某人8. modern dance现代舞17. come along 出现9. take care of照顾(= look after / care for)核心句式1. What do you like doing?你喜欢做什么?2.Li Hua is helpful and patient.李华乐于助人且有耐心。
2024秋沪教牛津新七年级上册知识点清单(默写版)
2024秋沪教牛津新七年级上知识点清单handout（默写版）Unit 1 Friendship重点词汇一、词性分类1.Nouns____________吉他____________勇气;胆量____________友谊;朋友关系____________钦佩;赞赏____________尊敬;尊重____________支持;鼓励____________信任;信赖____________调查____________品质;品德____________外貌____________想法____________结局____________心2. verbs___________改进;改善__________描述;形容___________ 上升3. adjectives__________诚实的__________有耐心的_______自信的;有自信心的__________个性的_________ 关心他人的;体贴人的_________直的_________褐色的;乌黑的__________同—的;相同的______基本的;基础的__________高兴的;愉快的4. adverbs___________然而二、词性转换1. ____________ n.勇气;胆量—____________ v.鼓励2. ____________ n.羡慕;钦佩—____________ v.羡慕;钦佩3. ____________ n.尊敬;尊重—____________ adj.表示敬意的;尊敬的4. ____________ v.支持—____________ adj.支持的;鼓励的5. ____________ n.信任—____________ adj.轻信的____________ adj.值得信赖的6. ____________ n.外貌;出现—____________ v.出现;显得;似乎7. ____________ v改进;改善—____________ n.改进;改善8. ____________ v描述—____________ n.描述9. ____________ adj.诚实的—____________ n.诚实—____________ adj.不诚实的10. ____________ adj.有耐心的—____________ n.耐心____________ adj.没有耐心的11. ____________ adj.自信的;有信心的—____________ n.信心三．一词多义1. respect n.& v____________ 3. trust n. & v.____________2. support n.& v____________ 4..straight adj.______adv.____________重点短语1. _________________擅长10. _________________照管;监督2. _________________向某人求助11. _________________上升到3. _________________放学后12._________________大叫;叫喊4. _________________愿意做某事13. _________________哭着入睡5. _________________多亏了14. _________________醒;醒来6. _________________依靠(=depend on)15. _________________来去7. _________________中等身高16. _________________替代某人8. _________________现代舞17. _________________出现9. _________________照顾(= look after / care for)核心句式1.你喜欢做什么?___________________________________________________________ 2.李华乐于助人且有耐心。
沪教牛津版英语七年级上册单元知识点一览表
address、(be) famous for、department store、prefer to、go on holiday、go sightseeing
1、情态动词can,may,must的学习与运用
单元标题
页码范围
Module 4 Colourful life （ P87-116 ） 单元重点词汇
单元语法点分析
7 Poems
P87-102
poem、ordinary、feeling、order、advice、aloud、group、agree、disagree、*rhyme、 complete、well、shower、*site、narrow、height、superman、seller、smile、rush、 1、祈使句和感叹句的学习和运用
person、cheerful、hard-working、patient、smart、probably、forget、smell、care、 miss、joke、laugh、remain、strict、encourage、support、successful、member as well、take care of、make fun of、(be) strict about、give up、go to work
1、量词词组的学习与运用 2、How much和How many的学习与运用
6 Electricity
P71-86
2024年沪教牛津版七年级英语上册 Unit2重点短语句型和知识
2024年新沪教牛津版初一上册Unit 2重点短语和知识一．重点短语compare with与...作比较would like to do sth.想要做某事be different from与...不同brush teeth刷牙go to school去学校do sports做运动do the dishes洗碗do some reading阅读go home回家do one’s homework做作业do the housework做家务wash clothes洗衣服have a lot to say about关于...有很多要说的in the morning在早上teach us by playing games通过做游戏教我们do some morning exercise做一些早间锻炼do morning exercises做早操from...to...从...到...after that在那之后take part in参与（活动）look forward to期望the answer to the question问题的答案be close to靠近be excited about对...感到激动in fact事实上in daily life在日常生活中solve problems解决问题all the time一直at times偶尔have classes上课have breakfast吃早餐get up起床on foot走路tell sb. About sth.告诉某人某事write to写信给某人full of energy精力充沛the breaks between classes课间休息get ready for准备好be ready to do sth.准备好去做某事half an hour半小时go to bed上床睡觉keep a diary记日记pick up取回；开车接hurry to充忙去某地in a hurry匆忙in time及时on time准时；按时in a good mind有好心情a happy ending一个美好的结局二．重点句型1.Which of these things do you do every day?这些事情中哪件是你每天都做的？2.What about you?你呢？3.---What do you usually do on weekends?你周末通常做什么？---I often exercise.我经常锻炼。
牛津上海版初一英语知识点总结
牛津上海版初一英语知识点总结第一篇：牛津上海版初一英语知识点总结牛津上海版初一英语知识点总结牛津上海版英语词组及短语(中英对照版)1.在左上角2.在右上角3.下棋4.笔友5.和某人住在一起6.担任……工作7.在学校8.在中间9.最美好的祝愿10.戴着眼镜的那个女孩子11.在右边12.在左边13.在学校的足球队里14.一年级，二班15.女子篮球队16.男子接力比赛17.在世界上18.全世界19.在……旁边20.对……友好21.热衷于……22.擅长于……23.语文24.数学25.地理26.生物27.历史28.化学UNIT1—4at the top-left corner at the top-right corner play chesspenfriendlive with somebobywork as at schoolin the middlebest wishesthe girl in glasseson the righton the lefton the school football teamClass Two,Grade Onegirls’ basketball teamboys’ relay racein the world all over the worldnext to / besidebe friendly to be keen onbe good atChinesemathsgeographybiologyhistorychemistry29.体育P.E.30.音乐music 31.政治politics 32.物理physics 33.少先队员Young Pioneer 34.小学pramay schol 35.初中middle school/junior high school 36.高中senior middle school 37.大学university/ college 38.做运动do exercise 39.做眼保健操do eye exercises 40.做早操do morning exercises 41.照相take pictures/photos 42.喜欢做某事like/enjoy doing sth.43.想要做……want to do sth./ would like to do sth./ 44.注意……pay attention to 45.写下,记录下write down 46.从左边/右边from the left/right 47.收到某人的来信hear from sb.;get/receive a lettere from sb.48.锻炼身体do sports 49.持续一段时间last for 50.一两个小时one hour or two/ one or tow hours 51.在街道上in the street 52.在……的开始at the beginning of 53.在……的结尾at the end of 54.保安guard 55.建筑工人construction worker 56.牙科医生dentist 57.会计师accountant 58.去游泳go swimming 59.去海边go to the sea 60.去滑雪go skiing 61.去滑冰go skating 62.去购物go shopping 63.去观光go sightseeing 64.去远足go hiking 65.去跑步go running 66.去慢跑go jogging 67.去跳舞do dancing 68.去航行go sailing 69.去约会70.到达(4种表达方法)arrive in/at;reach;get to 71.花费时间(金钱)的表达方法: sb.spend…on sth./sb.spend...(in)doing sth./ sb.pay…for stth./ sth.cost sb.some money/ it takes sb….to do sth.72.主管be in charge of 73.照顾look after/take care of 74.独生子女the only child 75.开会have a meeting 76.迟到be late for 77.除……之外except/ except for 78.从周一到周五from Monday to Friday/ on weekdays 79.刷牙brush the teeth 80.洗脸wash face 81.追赶(某人)go after sb./ run after sb.82.及时in time 83.按时on time 84.盯着、凝视stare at 85.跑开run away 86.下车get off(the bus)… 87.上车get on(the bus 88.捡起pick up 89.思考think about 90.匆忙in a hurry 91.从……冲出来strom out of/ rush out of 92.熬夜stay up late 93.生某人的气be angry with sb 94.在……的一边on the side of 95.在……的另一边on the other side of 96.等候wait for 97.拿出hold out/ take out 98.跌倒fall over 99.戴着手铐in handcuffs 100.四处走走go/walk around 101.找出,查明find out 102.说谎tell a lie 103.立刻in a flash/ at once/ right away/immediately 104.将来in the future 105.在意、关心care about 106.查询（生词）look up 107.四处看look around 108.有一个选择have a choice 109.正在那个时候at that moment 110.毫无疑问地without question 111.走到跟前、走近come over 112.改变注意change one’s mind 113.尽可能快as soon as possible 114.有时间玩乐have time for fun 115.在……顶部on the top of… 116.或……或……either……or…… 117.既不……也不……neither……nor…… 118.不仅仅……而且……not oly… but also… 119.将……与……比较(将……比作) compare with/ compare toUnit 5---Unit6重点词组Unit 5 1.灭绝；消失die out 2.因……而死die of 3.得知，获悉learn about 4.和……一样the same as 5.因…而著名be famous for 6.同时at the same time 7.以……为基础be based on 8.充满……be full of 9.根据according to 10.依（某人）之见in one’s opinion 11.因为；由于because of 12.超过more than/ over 13.同类的 of this kind 14.做(某事)有一些困难have difficulty with sth./ have difficult in doing sth./ find it difficult to do something.15.全世界范围内all over the world 16.其余的；剩下的the rest of…… 17.既不…也不…neither ……nor…… 18.对……有用处be useful for 19.一等奖the first prize 20.害怕……be a fraid of…… 21.至多有up to 22.生育give birth to…… 23.也；还as well as 24.……方面的专家expert on…… 25.完全地，彻底地competelyUnit6一、词组1．能够be able to / can 2．成为现实；实现come true 3．从现在起from now on 4．到达arrive at/in;get to………;reach…… 5．生病get sick 6.一会儿in a moment/minute 7．和平地in peace 8．破碎地in pieces 9．在太空in space 10．将来in the future 11．降落于……land on 12．看起来像look like 13．部分part of 14．而不是15．耗尽;用完not …but…run out ofUnit 7--8词组：1.从现在起from now on 2.躺下lie down 3.入睡fall asleep 4.从（某地）逃走5.太……以致于……6.过了一会儿7.逃离8.对准；瞄准9.熄灭10.广播、公布11.听起来象12.从……出来13.告诉……实情14.生气15.事实上16.开……的玩笑17.给……提供某物18.过着幸福的生活19.过着艰苦的生活20.过去常常做(某事)21.过去常常不做(某事)22.数以亿计23.除……之外,还……按时24.全世界25.给某人拍照26.例如27.在过去28.广交朋友29.在周末30.赶快31.立刻escape fromtoo…to…;so…that…moments laterbe out of……aim at…go uoutput outsound likecome out oftell the truthbe angry withsb./ get angry in factpaly jokes onprovide……with…live a happy lifelive a hard lifeused to do sth.didn’t use to do sth.billiions ofas well asall over the worldtake photo for …for examplein the pastmake a lot ofat the weekendhurry upin a second/at once/right away/immediately32.考虑think of 33.中国出口品交易Chinese Export Commodities Fair第二篇：上海牛津英语4AM1知识点总结.M1U1 Meeting new people 1.词汇:classmate 同学schoolmate 校友deskmate 同桌friend朋友 meet 遇见people人们eleven 十一twelve十二thirteen 十三fourteen 十四fifteen 十五sixteen 十六seventeen 十七eighteen 十八nineteen 十九twenty二十student number 学号sit 坐skip跳绳live居住near在……附近year年well好mask 面具2.词组:my classmate 我的同学go to the park 去公园ride a bicycle骑自行车 skip a rope 跳绳live near the school住在学校附近walk to school走路去学校play basketball 打篮球like reading喜欢阅读years old 岁—Nice to meet you!很高兴遇到你!—Nice to meet you,too.我也很高兴遇到你!See you!再见!3.语法:形容词性物主代词his,her,your,my,its,their,our 形容词性物主代词(所有格后必须加名词。
牛津沪教版英语七上第三单元知识点讲解
第三单元The Earth第一部分Reading1.on Earth 在地球上考点1：同义转换= on the earth考点2：另一词义“到底，究竟”，加强语气2.like考点：多词义1）像反义：unlike2）喜欢反义：dislike3.provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物考点1：同义转换= provide sth for sb考点2：辨析1）provide sb with sth 无主动之意2）offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 主动提供4.put into 把......放入......考点：词组辨析put away 把...收拾好put up 举起；张贴put on 穿上put down 放下，写下put out 熄灭put off 推迟5.stop考点：辨析1）stop to do 停下现在的事去做另一件事（两件事）2）stop doing 停止做某事（一件事）6. It is important __for___sb__to___do 对某人来说做某事很重要考点1：注意介词考点2：for sb可省略6.let sb do sth 让某人做某事考点1：sb前不使用to考点2：否定形式let sb not do sth考点3：同义词组make sb. do=have sb. do第二部分More Practice1. no 没有考点：同义转换1）no + 可数名词复数/不可数名词= not any2）no + 可数名词单数= not a/an2.rise 上升考点：辨析1）rise 不及物动词，不接宾语，非人为rose risen2）raise 及物动词，接宾语，人为raised raised3.need 需要考点：用法1）need sb/sth 需要某人/某物2）need to do sth 需要做某事，主语是人3）need doing = need to be done 需要被做，主语是物、事4）同义词：require4.keep + sb/sth + 形容词保持某人/某物某种状态keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事keep doing sth. 一直做某事5.活着的考点：辨析1）alive 通常作表语或后置定语2）living 通常作前置定语6.find out考点：辨析1)find out 查明，后接事实、真相2)find 找到，找的结果3)look for 寻找，找的过程7.in the end 最后，终于考点：同义转换= at last = finally在...的末尾：at the end of...第三部分其它部分知识点1.“关于”考点：介词辨析1）on ：专业的或内容详细地。
沪教牛津版初中英语七上教材短语句型知识点汇总
Unit 1 Making friends读：读一个德国女孩的博客听：听一个男孩询问一个女孩有关她的网友的情况语法：学习如何提问和回答特殊疑问句。
学习何时在名词前使用a或an 说：学会发部分音素的音，告诉一些同学关于你自己的情况写：完成一封给新朋友的电子邮件A.短语归纳1.listen to 听2.play basketball 打篮球play the guitar 弹吉他3.be from=come from 来自4.close to 接近5.go to school 去上学go home 回家6.be good at=do well in 擅长be good for 对……有好处be good to 对……好be good with 善于应付……的7.make friends with 与……交朋友8.all over the world=around the world 全世界9.answers to these questions 这些问题的答案10.look like 看起来像be like 像11.pay attention to 注意12. a boy called/named 一个名叫……的男孩13.start with=begin with 以……为开始14.by bus 乘公交汽车（作状语）take the bus （作谓语）15.far away from 离……远16.lots of=a lot of 许多的，大量的a lot 大量，非常17.fly kites/fly a kite 放风筝18.hear from sb.=get/receive a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信19.in English/German/Chinese/Japanese 用英语/德语/汉语/日语20.best wishes 最美好的祝愿21.in one’s free time 在某人的空闲时间B.句型归纳1.be good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事2.like doing/to do sth. 喜欢做某事3.want 想要做某事would like 愿意做某事need to do sth. 需要做某事hope 希望做某事decide 决定做某事4.welcome to 欢迎来到5.how many+ 名词复数how much+ 不可数名词6.what do/does sb. do? 某人是做什么工作的？7.What do(es)…mean? ……是什么意思？8.one’s dream is to be… 某人的梦想是当……C.语法一、特殊疑问句1.定义2.句型结构二、不定冠词1.基本用法2.不定冠词的活用1)表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有“one”强烈2)用在时间或度量衡的名词前，表示单位“每一”3.不定冠词a/an的区别4.固定搭配5.不用冠词的情况Unit2 Daily life读：读一名学生关于他的日常生活的文章听：听一个男孩谈论他的周末语法：学习如何使用一般现在时。
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Unit 11来自be from=come from2和...住在一起live with...3靠近.. close to=near4艺术老师an Art teacher5姐姐an elder sister6乘车上学go to school by bus / take a bus to school7 擅长be good at doing sth. = do well in doing sth.8交朋友make friends with...9来自世界各地的朋友people from all over the world =around10 发邮件给某人email sb.11 离...很远far away from....12 .....的意思是the meaning of . (13)在某人的空余时间in one’s free time14 …的答案是the answer to …15 一个德国女孩a German girl16 在互联网上on the Internet17 放风筝fly a kite / fly kites18 收到某人来信hear from sb= receive / get a letter from19 最美好祝愿best wishes20 许多朋友a lot of / lots of / many friends21 洗澡take a bath22 想做某事would like to = want to … 23 你多大了？What’s your age?/ How old are you?24 完成complete=finish4. work as + 职位名称作为…而工作6. walk to school=go to school on foot 走路去上学7. be keen on (doing) sth=be interested in 对….感兴趣8. enjoy (doing) sth= like doing sth 喜欢做某事9. reply to sb回信给某人11. a photo of 一张…的图片13. speak Chinese 说中文15. in the middle 在中间20. write to sb写信给某人，注意pay attention to 以…开始begin with 参考书reference book语法1：特殊疑问词及其引导的特殊疑问句（what, where, when, how, why, which）What refers to things.对事物提问（什么）(可以用来询问职业) Where refers to places.对地点提问（在哪里）Who refers to persons.对人提问（谁）How refers to ways.对年龄提问（多大年纪，几岁）How old refers to ages.对某人或情况提问（怎么样）When refers to times.对时间提问（何时）what time (只能用来问具体几点钟)Why refers to reasons.对原因提问（为什么）which refers to kinds (种类).对事物或人称提问（哪一个，哪一位）How many refers numbers.对数量提问（多少）How old ...多大年纪How often ... 多经常，多久一次How far... 多远How long ... 多长时间How soon 多快，多语法2：不定冠词的用法不定冠词有a和an两个，仅用在单数可数名词前。
a用于发音以辅音音素（不是辅音字母）开头的单词前面；an用于发音以元音音素（不是元音字母）开头的单词前面。
一般而言,元音字母在单词中发元音,辅音字母在单词中发辅音，但偶有特例特例an hour 一个小时an honest boy一个诚实的男孩 a university一所大学useful/useless thing 有用/无用的东西 a European (cat) 一个欧洲人/一只欧洲猫 a usual day 平常的一天a one-day holiday 一天的假期1表示一类人或物，a/an不用翻译An elephant is heavier than a horse.2用于第一次提到某人或某物之前I saw a girl running on the playground. The girl lives close to our school.3表示数量，有“一”的含义There is a picture on the wall.4 表示“每一”，相当于every Take three pills a day and you’ll get better.5 用于序数词之前，表示“再一”相当于anotherShe has failed twice. She wants to try a third time.6 用于某些不可数名词之前，表示“一种，一场，一堆 a heavy rain a long historyUnit 21. junior high school初级中学2. once or twice a week一周一两次4. on foot步行5. learn about…了解6. brush one’s teeth刷牙7. play table tennis打乒乓球8. ride a bicycle骑车9. take part in …参加10. have a good time玩得高兴11. morning break早间休息12. later in the afternoon下午晚些时候13. play the guitar弹吉他play the piano弹钢琴15. have breakfast / lunch/dinner吃早餐/ 午餐/晚饭16. wash one’s face洗脸wash one’s clothes洗衣服18. arrive at …到达19. in the world在世界上20. help sb with sth=help sb do sth帮助某人做某事21. between … and…在…和…之间22. from …to …从…到…23. prepare one’s lessons备课24. do morning exercises 做早操25. a piece of bread 一块面包26. cook dinner 做饭after-school activities课外活动talk about谈论，交谈send sth. to sb.=send sb. sth. 给某人送某物on the way to...去......的路上work on... 忙于......one of the best...最好的......之一ask sb to do sth 要某人做某事seldom-- not often break --- shortrestring -- makes asoundend - stopgo to …on foot - walk to …together- with each other everyone ---- all peoplefriendly -- nice and kind start --- beginpractice ----exercisetake part in ---join inhave a good time - enjoy oneself-- have fun all over the world -- every country in the world --- around the world【一般现在时态】1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
例如: I go to the park by bus. 我乘公交车去这个公园。
2. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。
例如: He can dance. 他会跳舞。
3. 表示客观真理。
例如: The Earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕着太阳转。
【频度副词及频度副词短语】一、频度副词是用来表示动作频率的词, 包括: always（100%）>usually （80%）>often（60%）>sometimes（40%）>seldom（20%）>never（0%）二、频度副词短语包括: on Saturdays, in the morning (in the afternoon / in the evening), every day, twice a week, three times a month等。
注意: 频度副词及频度副词短语在句中，通常位于be 动词或助动词之后, 行为动词之前。
常和一般现在时连用。
Unit 3 1. 在地球上on Earth2. 在陆上上on the land3. 在水下under the water4. 为某人提供某物provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.5. 把…倒入…put… into 6. 停止做某事stop doing sth.7. 在天空中in the sky8. 许多a lot of = lots of9. 保护地球protect the Earth10. 看…look at 11. 在…脸上on one’s face12. 在天空/在空气中in the air13. 将……抬起lift…up14. 需要…去做…need… to do…15. 让……活着keep… alive16. 扔掉throw away17. 解决问题solve the problem18. 查明，弄清find out19. 不同种类的…different types / kinds of20. 拯救海洋save the sea burn --- set … on fire must --- have to provide sb. with ... ---- give sb. sth. pattern --- way quiz --- testa few --- some dangerous --- not safe waste --- rubbish protect ---keep…safe --keep ...from 可数名词单数变复数规则:(1)绝大多数名词直接在词尾加s 变成复数 hand, desk (2)以s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词变复数要加es, bus, glass, box, watch, dish (3)以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时, 变y 为i 再加es: body, city, factory (4)以f 或fe 结尾的名词, 将f 或fe 变为v 加es, life, knife , leaf ( 5 ) 以 结尾的名词 有两种：potato –potatoes tomato –tomatoes hero-- heroes 但：photos pianos radios hippos videos zoos kilos 注意: 一些特殊名词的复数: child-children mouse- mice man – men woman - women policeman - policemen fireman – firemen fisherman – fishermen Frenchwoman - Frenchwomen 但：German - Germans foot - feet, tooth -- teeth 下面这些名词的单复数 相同Chinese, Japanese, sheep fish, deer二、不可数名词 不可数名词没有复数形式, 不能与 a, an 连用。