被动语态ppt文字版

被动语态概念被动语态的构成和形式被动语态的用法主、被动语态转换不用被动语态的情况主动形式表示被动意义被动形式表示主动意义关于被动语态的几点说明概念语态是表示句子主语与谓语之间关系的一种动词形式，分为主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

被动语态的构成和形式1 构成：英语动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，即“be+v-ed”；助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化；其变化与系动词be完全相同。

2 形式：am/is/are+v-ed was/were+v-edshall/will+be+v-edshould/would+be+v-edhas/have+been+v-ed had+been+v-edwill/shall+have+been+v-edwould/should+have+been+v-edam/is/are+being+v-edwas/were+being+v-ed被动语态的用法11、不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。

换个说法，有一件事情不知道是谁干的或者不想说出是谁干的，这时就用被动语态。

I felt a littlie nervous when I was being interviewed.These fighters are imported from Russia.That place has been turned into a swimming pool.被动语态的用法22、说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态He’s said/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 据说/据信/据报道他在美国。

还有下列常用句型（that后面跟句子）：It is said that……. 据说It is reported that……. 据报道It is hoped that……. 希望It is believed that……. 人们相信It is announced that……. 据宣布it is (well) known that……. 众所周知It has been decided that……. 已经决定It is supposed th at……. 人们认为It is suggested that……. 有人建议It must be remembered that……. 务必记住It is taken for granted that……. 被视为当然主、被动语态转换1（一）一般情况：S. + V. + O. + …1 把主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语（如为代词，宾格形式须变为主格形式）。

2 把主动结构中的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态。

3 把主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后或句子末尾（由于被动语态强调动作的承受者，对于动作的执行者有时可不必提及，因此这类by短语常常可以省略）。

（二）含双宾语：S. + V. +Oi. +Od. +…将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语，另一个宾语不变（一般都是把表示人的宾语即间接宾语变为主语；若要把表示物的直接宾语变成被动句的主语，则被动句中需要在表示人的间接宾语前加上介词to）；其它变化同一般情况。

We gave her some books.→She was given some books (by us).→Some books were given to her (by us).（三）含复合宾语: S. +V. + O. +O.C. +…将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语；宾语补足语如果是不带to的不定式短语，在被动句中须在其前加不定式符号to；其它形式的宾语补足语都不发生变化；其余变化同一般情况。

We will make our country richer and stronger.We asked the teacher to explain the difficult sentence again.The teacher let us do our homework.We heard them talking about that film.let 的用法1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。

They let the strange go.---> The strange was let go.2）若let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。

The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.(四）短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。

This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.My sister will be taken care of by GrandmaSuch a thing has never been heard of before.不用被动语态的情况11) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand，break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.After the fire, very little remained of my house.比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。

(错) The price has been risen.(对) The price has risen.(错) The accident was happened last week(对) The accident happened last week.(错) The price has raised.(对) The price has been raised.(错) Please seat.(对) Please be seated.不用被动语态的情况22) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语（表示状态而不是动作）：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong toThis key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.不用被动语态的情况33) 系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turnIt sounds good.不用被动语态的情况44) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.They acknowledged themselves to be defeated.She praised herself.He ruined himself.不用被动语态的情况55) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

(对) She likes to swim.(错) To swim is liked by her.主动形式表示被动意义1)一些不及物动词，或由及物动词转化而来的不及物动词，能以主动形式表达被动意义。

有act, clean, close, cut, cook, divide, drive, draw, eat, feel, iron, keep, open, read, spoil, sail, taste, unlock, undo等，它们常与一些副词或形容词连用，其句子主语一般指物，并且所指物具有的内在特性能促使其谓语动词所表达的动作实现或难以实现。

这种用法有两种形式：一种用动词的一般时，另一种用动词的进行时。

This kind of cloth washes very well.This flower smells very sweet.Oranges are selling cheaply today.主动形式表示被动意义2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, buildI was to blame for the accident.Much work remains.Am I to blame?The house is to let.主动形式表示被动意义3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。

The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。

This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。

主动形式表示被动意义4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。

主动形式表示被动意义5) 有一些动词不定式跟在一些特定的形容词如available, bitter, dangerous, difficult, easy, fit, free, hand, heavy, important, interesting, nice, pleasant, sufficient等之后，用主动形式表达被动意思。

The food is ready to eat.This sentence is not easy to translate.This kind of fruit is not fit to eat.从上可见，这种句型的主语就是动词不定式的逻辑宾语，我们还可以把动词不定式变成被动形式，或去掉，或变成动词不定式复合结构，而意思不变。