硕士研究生入学考试大纲-863英语语言学及英汉互译

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语语言学及英汉互译考试大纲

一、考试要求

掌握普通语言学的基本概念、基础理论，并能运用理论进行简单的语言结构分析。有较扎实的语言功底，较强的英汉书面表达能力，掌握并灵活运用常用英汉翻译技巧。

二、考试内容

1、普通语言学的定义及主要分支；

2、语言的性质：语言、语言的特征、语言的功能；

3、语音学（phonetics）中的基本术语；

4、语素、词缀及主要构词法；

5、句法结构分析；

6、语义关系及语义成分分析；

7、言语行为理论和会话涵义理论；

8、现代语言学的主要理论和流派；

9、英译汉；

10、汉译英。

三、题型

Section A

1、术语解释（20分：10题）

2、填空（20分：20题）

3、简答（30分：6题）

4、详答（20分：1题）

Section B

1、英译汉（30分：一个约250单词的段落）

2、汉译英（30分：一个约250字的段落）

四、参考书

胡壮麟主编.《语言学教程》（修订版）.北京大学出版社，2002年

冯庆华.《实用翻译教程》（第一版）.上海外语教育出版社，2002年

五、题型示例及参考答案

Section A

Part I. Define the following terms briefly (20 points, 2 points each).

1. Displacement

2. Metalanguage

Part II. Fill the blanks with proper words (20 points , 1 point each blank).

1. By _____ is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.

2.____ studies the rules governing the structure , distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.

Part III. Answer the following questions briefly(30 points, 4 points each).

1.Do you think that onomatopoeia indicates a non-arbitrary relationship between form and meaning？

2. To what extent is phonology related to phonetics and how do they differ?

Part IV. Give a detailed description of the special features of American structuralism(20 points）. Section B

Part I. E-C Translation (30 points)

What social morality and social conscience leaves out is the narrower but very significant concept of honor------as opposed to what is sometimes called merely “socially desirable conduct.” The man of honor is not content to ask merely whether this or that will hurt society, or whether it is what most people would permit themselves to do. He asks, and he asks first of all, would it hurt him and his selfrespect? Would it hishonor him personally? It was a favorite and no doubt sound argument among early twentieth-century reformers that “playing the game” as the gentleman was supposed to play it was not enough to make a decent society. They were right: it is not enough. But the time has come to add that it is nevertheless indispensable. I hold that it is indeed inevitable that the so-called social conscience unsupported by the concept of personal honor will create a corrupt society. But suppose that it doesn‟t. Suppose that no one except the individual suffers from the fact that he sees nothing wrong in doing what everybody else does. Even so, I still insist that