定语从句语法详解及定语从句语法知识点总结

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初中英语定语从句知识点总结

初中英语定语从句知识点总结

初中英语定语从句知识点总结一、定语从句的定义定语从句是英语语法中的重要组成部分,它是一个句子作为定语修饰一个名词或代词的成分。

定语从句通常用于描述、限制被修饰的名词或代词,进一步说明该词的用途、性质、特征等。

二、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与被修饰词的关系,可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句对被修饰词的内涵进行限制,没有它则意思不完整;非限制性定语从句是对被修饰词的补充说明,起到一种附加说明的作用,如果去掉,意思仍然完整。

三、定语从句的关系词关系词是连接定语从句和主句的纽带,关系词包括that、which、who、whom、as等。

它们在定语从句中充当一定的成分,并且可以替代先行词。

1. that:既可以作为关系代词,也可以作为副词。

在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,指人或事物。

作主语时,谓语动词为人称代词,如:The girl that I like is standing over there.(我喜欢的女孩正在那站着。

)作宾语时,可省略。

作表语时,多用于there be结构之后。

2. which:作为关系代词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,指物。

可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

如:This is the book which I bought yesterday.(这就是我昨天买的书。

)3. who/whom:作为关系代词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

指人。

who在从句中做主语,whom在从句中做宾语。

如:The teacher who is standing there is my English teacher.(站在那的老师是我的英语老师。

)4. as:作为关系代词,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,既可指人也可指物。

例如:He is an artist as we all know.(他是一位我们大家都知道的艺术家。

)四、定语从句的用法1. 限制性定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰词之后,有逗号隔开。

定语从句_语法知识归纳

定语从句_语法知识归纳

定语从句语法知识归纳一、基本概念(一)定语从句在复合句中作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

(二)先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

一般情况下,定语从句紧跟先行词。

但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。

(三)关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。

与先行词关系密切,因此紧跟先行词,并在定语从句中充当一个成分。

关系代词有:who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外,as也可充当关系代词。

关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。

关系副词有:when, where和why。

在定语从句中充当状语。

一.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词的用法(一)基本用法根据先行词的不同,和在从句中所充当的成分不同,选用不同的关系代词。

如下表:关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系who 人主语,宾语Do you know the man who istalking with your mother?whom,which和代词whom 人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whomI am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died inthe war.that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that whose 人,物定语I like those books whose topics areabout history.The boy whose father worksabroad is my classmate.that 人,物主语,宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want tosee very much.which 物主语,宾语The book (which) I gave you wasworth $10.The picture which was about theaccident was terrible.as 人,物主语,宾语He is such a person as is respectedby all of us.This is the same pen as I lostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略例如:(注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分)①Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? (作主语)②I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. (作主语)③The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. (作宾语)④This is the new secretary (who/whom/that)I would like to introduce to you. (作宾语)⑤The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. (作定语)注意:关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略,充当主语时则不能。

(完整版)定语从句语法详解

(完整版)定语从句语法详解

定语从句语法专题(Attributive Clauses)教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

在句中做定语,被修饰的名词或代词,叫做先行词。

从句通常放在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。

其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

eg She is the girl(who got the first prize.)girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。

the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。

二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as(主, 宾, 定)关系副词: when, where, why.(状语)2.关系词的作用:(1)引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用;(2)代替先行词在句中充当成分。

定语从句知识点总结简单

定语从句知识点总结简单

定语从句知识点总结简单一、定语从句的概念定语从句是指修饰名词或代词的从句,用来限定或描述这个名词或代词的性质、特征等。

定语从句通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后,用以补充说明名词或代词所指的具体内容。

二、定语从句的结构定语从句的结构包括先行词、关系代词或关系副词以及从句三个部分。

1. 先行词:即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词,通常在定语从句的前面。

2. 关系代词:在定语从句中起连接作用的代词,包括who, whom, whose, which, that等。

3. 关系副词:在定语从句中起连接作用的副词,包括where, when, why等。

三、关系代词和关系副词的用法1. who/whom/whose:关系代词,用来引导修饰人的定语从句。

例如:The girl who is standing there is my sister.The man whose car was stolen has reported to the police.2. which/that:关系代词,用来引导修饰物的定语从句,which一般只用于非限制性定语从句。

例如:The book which is on the table is mine.The pen that I lost last night is found.3. where:关系副词,用来引导修饰地点的定语从句。

例如:This is the school where I study.4. when:关系副词,用来引导修饰时间的定语从句。

例如:That was the day when we met for the first time.5. why:关系副词,用来引导修饰原因的定语从句。

例如:I don't understand the reason why he left so suddenly.以上是关系代词和关系副词的基本用法,需要根据具体的语境来选择适当的关联词。

定语从句语法总结

定语从句语法总结

定语从句语法总结定语从句语法总结定语从句语法总结一.几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

3.定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。

4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。

(1)关系代词:thatwhowhomwhichas(2)关系副词:whenwherewhy5.引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。

【as除外】6.引导词的功能(作用):(1)连接先行词和定语从句。

(2)在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。

7.定语从句的类型:(1)限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。

①直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whomwhich)引导The man to whom you’re talking is my fr iend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。

例如:The man (whowhomthat)I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (whichthat)I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.(2)非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。

定语从句讲解(完整版)

定语从句讲解(完整版)

定语从句讲解(完整版)定语从句是一种常见的语法结构,用于对名词或代词进行修饰和限定。

在英语中,定语从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富和准确。

下面,我将为您详细讲解定语从句的构成、用法和注意事项。

一、定语从句的构成定语从句由引导词、关系词和从句组成。

引导词通常是先行词,即被修饰的名词或代词;关系词用于引导定语从句,并将先行词与从句连接起来;从句则是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。

1. 引导词:先行词通常是名词或代词,它可以是主语、宾语或表语。

例如:The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。

)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。

)2. 关系词:关系词用于引导定语从句,并将先行词与从句连接起来。

关系词有who、which、that、whom、whose等。

例如: The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。

)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。

)3. 从句:从句是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。

从句中通常包含主语、谓语和宾语等成分。

例如:那本书很有趣。

)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。

)二、定语从句的用法1. 限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定作用,即只有满足定语从句条件的名词或代词才是先行词的准确含义。

限定性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后,且不能用逗号与主句隔开。

例如: The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。

定语从句相关知识点总结

定语从句相关知识点总结一、定语从句的概念。

1. 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

- 例如:I like the book which/that is very interesting. 其中“book”是先行词,“which/that is very interesting”是定语从句,用来修饰“book”。

二、关系代词的用法。

1. that.- 既可以指人也可以指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。

- 当先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时,关系代词用that。

- 例如:All that can be done has been done.(先行词是“All”,关系代词“that”在从句中作主语)- 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that。

- 例如:This is the best film that I have ever seen.(先行词“film”被最高级“the best”修饰,关系代词“that”在从句中作宾语,可省略)- 当先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰时,关系代词用that。

- 例如:This is the very book that I want.(先行词“book”被“the very”修饰,关系代词“that”在从句中作宾语)2. which.- 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。

- 例如:The book which/that is on the desk is mine.(“which/that”在从句中作主语);I like the book which/that you lent me.(“which/that”在从句中作宾语)- 在非限制性定语从句(从句与主句之间用逗号隔开)中,只能用which,不能用that。

定语从句语法知识点总结

定语从句语法知识点总结定语从句是用来修饰一个名词或代词的句子,常常用来给出进一步的描述或限定。

以下是一些定语从句的语法知识点总结:1. 引导词:定语从句通常由关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)或关系副词(where, when, why)引导。

2.关系代词的选用:- that: 可以引导限定性和非限定性定语从句;用于人和物;- which: 用于非限定性定语从句,用于物;- who/whom: 用于人,在从句中作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom;- whose: 用于人和物,表示所属关系。

3.关系副词的选用:- where: 用于地点,在从句中作地点状语;- when: 用于时间,在从句中作时间状语;- why: 用于原因,在从句中作原因状语。

4.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句:-限定性定语从句用来限定所修饰名词或代词的范围,不能省略,不用逗号与主句分开;-非限定性定语从句用来对前面的名词或代词进行补充说明,可以省略,用逗号与主句分开。

5.关系代词作宾语的省略:- 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略:即省略关系代词that/which/who/whom,但要保留动词的宾语位置。

6.关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用:-关系代词在定语从句中充当一个成分,可以作主语、宾语、表语等;-关系副词在定语从句中充当一个状语,只能作时间、地点或原因状语。

7.先行词和定语从句的一致性:-关系代词的单复数和人称应与其在定语从句中的先行词保持一致;- 关系代词whose引导的定语从句是表示所属关系的,后面的先行词是被关系代词修饰的名词。

需要注意的是,定语从句的位置可以是句首、句中或句尾,要根据具体情况进行调整。

定语从句语法知识点总结资料讲解

定语从句语法知识点
总结
定语从句
【区别】限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰作用。

非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用,先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开,句子相当于并列句,状语从句。

一、关系代词分类
一、关系代词用法
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【注】当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰主句内容时,若as或which作主语,则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。

例:
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定语从句用法的其他要点
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定语从句知识点总结详细

定语从句知识点总结详细一、定语从句的概念定语从句是一种对名词起修饰或限制作用的从句,它通常由关系词引导,用来进一步说明先行词的情况、属性或特征。

在句子中充当形容词,对名词进行修饰。

二、定语从句的用法1. 修饰名词定语从句通常用来修饰名词,对名词进行进一步的解释或者描述。

例如:The book that you recommended is very interesting.(你推荐的那本书非常有趣。

)2. 限制名词定语从句还可以作为限制性定语从句,用来对名词进行限定。

例如:I want to buy the pen which is on the table.(我想买桌子上的那支笔。

)三、定语从句的结构定语从句通常由关系代词或者关系副词引导,加上从句。

关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等,关系副词有when, where, why等。

从句的结构可以是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等。

1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句通常用来修饰人或物,其结构如下:that(指人或物)which(指物)who(指人)whom(指人)whose(表所有关系)2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句通常用来修饰时间、地点、原因等,其结构如下:when(指时间)where(指地点)why(指原因)四、定语从句的关键词1. thatthat通常用来指代人或物,可以用来引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,常用于口语和书面语中。

例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。

)2. whichwhich通常用来指代物,可以用来引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,常用于口语和书面语中。

例如:I like the dress which you are wearing.(我喜欢你穿的那条裙子。

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定语从句语法详解,希望能够帮助考生备考英语学科考试,赢得高分。

一、定语句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。

定语可以由形容词,名词,不定式,分词,动名词或从句来充当。

eg: She is a beautiful girl. (形容词)I met someone funny on my way to Beijing. (形容词)(修饰不定代词的定语后置)He is an English teacher. (名词)(名词作定语时一般用单数,例外的有sports, 如a sports star)I have a lot of work to do. (不定式)The book written by a schoolboy is very popular now. (过去分词短语)We can see the rising sun. (现在分词) = the sun is rising.He is in the reading room. (动名词) = the room for readingThe boy who broke the window is Tom’s brother. (从句)注意:1.形容词作定语一般放在所修饰的词前面;但当形容词修饰的是something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, everybody, somewhere等不定代词时,要放在这些词的后面。

present (在场的), absent (缺席的)作定语时需要后置。

students present / absent2. 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。

1)分词前置:单独的一个分词作定语,一般放在所修饰词前。

He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人2)分词后置分词在以下情况,放在所修饰词的后面i. 分词词组; There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里ii. 个别分词如given, left;This is the question given. 这是所给的问题iii. 修饰不定代词something等There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.= Most of the people who were invited to the party were from South Africa二、定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有:when, where, why等。

I like the books that are written by Mr. Green.A. 关系词:关系词通常有三个作用:引导定语从句,指代先行词,在定语从句中充当句子成分。

Anyone who breaks the law will surely be punished.1. 先行词指人时,定语从句的引导词:(1)指人时,who和that都可以使用.(2)who和whom都可以作定语从句宾语,但从句中的介词提前时,不能用who.He is the man who / whom I talked to you about.= He is the man about whom I talked to you.(3)先行词是人时,只用who, 不用或少用that的情况:a. 当先行词是one, ones, anyone时,引导定语从句的关系词一般只用who, 不用that如果先行词是someone, 也可用that He is not one who is easily frightened.I think Joe is the one who borrowed my peo.The ones who tell lies won’t gain others’trust.Anyone who saw the accident should phone the police.Someone who / that claims to be your uncle wants to see you.b. 先行词是those时,关系代词一般用who不用thatThose who don’t wish to go need not go.c. There be 句型中,修饰人的定语从句的关系代词一般只用who来引导There is a certain old man in the village who none of us likes.d. 若一个句子中有两个定语从句,第一个已经用that, 则第二个一般用whoThe man that is talking with our teacher is the professor who gave us a report yesterday.e. 当定语从句与先行词较远时,引导定语从句的关系代词一般只用whoI came across my first teacher in the store yesterday who was still beautiful.f 非限定性定语从句只用who来引导, 不用thatHe has a son, who is a doctor.(4)当先行词是人,只用that不用who的情况:a. 以who开头的特殊疑问句,定语从句的先行词如果是人,关系代词只用that不用who Who is the girl that said hello to you just now?b. 当先行词既有人也有物时,定语从句只用that来引导They ofter talk about the person and things that they remember.c. 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,只用that来引导He’s changed. He is not the man that he was.d. 当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时,只用that.This is the most beautiful lady that I have ever met.e. 当先行词是other时,定语从句只用that 引导。

You can ask the old man or any other that was there at the time.[page]2. 先行词是物时that 和which一般可以互换使用,但有时不可换用。

(1) 下列场合一般用that:a. 先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, theone, none等不定代词We should do all that is useful to the people.The little that I have seen of his work is satisfactory.b. 先行词被序数词,形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no,some, very等词修饰The first book that I bought in this bookstore is a dictionary.The last person that I talked with in London is my girlfriendThe best teacher that I have ever met has gone abroadYou can take any seat that is vacant.c. 先行词有两个:一个指人,另一个指物I miss all the people and places that we visited last summerd. 主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句。

e. There be 句型中,There is a seat in the corner that is free.f. 先行词为数词时Three buildings have been completed, but there are two that are still under construction.(2) 下列场合不能用thata. 在非限定性定语从句中,即逗号后的定语从句不用that引导,指人时用who或whom, 指物时用which.b. 在“介词+ 关系代词”结构中不用that, 指人时用whom, 指物时用which.This is the book about which we are talking.c. 先行词为that, those时,关系词用which指物,who指人What’s that which you have got in your hand?d. 两个定语从句,一个用了that, 另一个则用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which wasnewly open to us.e. 关系代词后有插入语时,只用whichHere are some stamps which –I think –you can take away.3. 当关系词在从句中作宾语时,关系词可以省略。

4. 当先行词指时间,地点,原因(the reason)时,且关系词在从句中作状语,用when,where, why如果关系词在从句中作主语,表语或宾语,则用that 或which.I want to visit the place where my mother was born.= I want to visit the place in which my mother was born.I still remember the years when I studied in the middle school.= I still remember the years in which I studied in the middle school.I don’t know the reason why he didn’t agree with us.= I didn’t know the reason for which he didn’t agree with us.5. 当先行词是the way, 并且关系词在从句中作方式状语时,可以用that, in which引导,也可省略。

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