高考高频动词及动词短语

高考高频动词及动词短语A2014-2-23一、动词的分类: 根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类：1.行为动词（实义动词）①及物动词：study, develop;②不及物动词：work, swim, go, come③状态动词：（相对静止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong④动作动词：延续性（work, stay）；非延续性（marry, go, come）2.系动词①表示人或事物的特征和状态：be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound②表示状态的变化：turn, go, become, get, fall, grow③表示某种状态的延续或持续：remain, keep, stay3.助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语）：be，do，have，will，would，shall4.情态动词：can(could),may(might),must, shall(should)二、动词及动词短语（一）、动词词义辨析动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。

动词辨义主要指：1、形状相似的动词之间辨义。

如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。

2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。

如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。

3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。

如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。

4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。

如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out 等。

5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。

如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。

6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。

如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。

（二）、易混动词归纳对比1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：中文原形过去式过去分词现在分词说明放 lay laid laid laying 及物动词躺 lie lay lain lying 不及物动词说谎 lie lied lied lying 不及物动词2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。

3、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。

4、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。

seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。

如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.5、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race,a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。

如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。

而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。

6、steal与rob：steal为偷。

rob为抢，其用法不同。

steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。

7、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。

如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。

8、take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。

所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。

9、shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。

如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。

如:Shut your mouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。

10、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。

而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。

11、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。

cost作“花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。

如:she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。

更多的用法是用形式主语it，如：It takes me three hours to finish this work.12、begin与start：begin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词.但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。

如:we shou1d start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。

13、allow与permit表“允许做某事”或“允许某人做某事”用法基本相同。

permit/allow doing sth. permit/allow sb. to do sth.一般在独立主格结构中表示“时间、条件等许可”，多用permitTime/Weather permitting, I’ll drop in on her.14、find与found：find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：The People’s Republic of China was founde d in 1949.15、speak, say, talk 与tell英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell.但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。

而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。

但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My watch was broken. It c ouldn’t tell time correctly。

在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。

在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：The father always speaks well of his son.。

16、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice (n.);accept(v.), except(prep.);pass(v.), past(prep.);bathe(v.), bath(n.);breathe(v.), breath(n.);choose(v.), choice(n.);succeed(v.), success(n.);（三）、常见高频动词短语总结1. add to add up toThe engine of the bus was out of order，and the bad weather added to the worries of the passengers.1. breakbreak away 摆脱；逃跑break down 中断；分解break into 闯入；打断；突然中断break in 破门而入；打断，插嘴break out 突然发生；爆发break through 突破；克服；挣脱而出break up 打碎；中断；分解①Nowadays many teenagers want to b reak away from their parents and live a life free from being controlled.②The computer system broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.③Modern forms of transportation and communication have done much to break through theisolation of life in this remote island.2. bringbring about 引起；造成bring forward 提出；提前（=put forward）bring out 显示；出版；生产bring up 提出；教育；培养；吐出①His idea of having weekly family meals together，which seemed difficult at first，has brought about many good changes in their lives.②Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.3. callcall for 需要；要求；邀请call off 取消；停止call on 拜访；看望；号召call up 打电话；使人想起；召集call at 访问call in 请来；召集①His aunt’s letters call up him of those beautiful days when they used to live together in his hometown.②It’s the present situation in poor areas that call for much higher spending on education and training.4. comecome about 发生come across 偶遇；碰到；come into effect 生效come up with 赶上；提出come through 经历；获得成功come up to 达到（高度、程度）；符合①The questions listed here are just a few problems that teenagers may come across.②How does it come about that he is so badly-off when he earns quite a good salary?5. cutcut across 绕道；超越；cut down cut in 插嘴；打断；①Lucy cut down her daily spending in order to survive the financial storm.6. carrycarry on 继续；坚持carry out 执行；实施7. diedie away 渐弱die down 逐渐停止, 渐渐消失die of 因（病）死亡die from 因外部原因）死亡die out 灭绝；绝种be dying to do sth. 迫切想做某事①Although the wind has died down，the rain remains steady，so you still need a raincoat.8. givegive away 赠送；颁发；泄露give out 分发；公布；耗尽give off 发出；放出，give up 放弃；give in 屈服；上交；①What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has given out ？②—Ok, I’ve had enough of it. I give up. —You can’t run away from your responsibilities.9. gogo by 时间过去；经过；遵守go in for 从事；爱好；参加go off 离开；爆炸；熄灭；go through 经历（苦难）；仔细检查go over 浏览；仔细查看；①Would you please go over this form for me to see if I’ve filled it in right?②I don’t go in for rock’n’ roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste.10. getget through 浏览；经历困难（痛苦）get in 收割；收获；买进；插话get over 克服；熬过；走完get along/on (with) 进展；相处get round 传播；传开；get across 传达；使---让人理解get down to(介词) 开始认真干①The people in the flood striking area are very brave, and they will surely get through the difficulties caused by the disaster.②Foreign Minister of China used plain language to make the Chinese foreign policy get across to the whole world at the press conference last week.③—Shall we have a rest first or shall we get down to business now？—It’s up to you.④After that, he knew he could any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability.11. holdhold back 抑制；隐瞒；保留hold up举起；耽搁；使停顿；hold out 维持；坚持；hold off 拖延；延迟①Hold on a moment and I will go to your rescue.12. keepkeep on 继续keep up with 跟上①Environmental groups intend to keep up the pressure until the government changes the law.13. looklook down on/upon轻视；看不起look forward to 盼望；期待look into 调查，深入了解look through 浏览；详细调查look on 观看；旁观look up 查阅；查出①I often look up the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet.②I have looked through all my papers but I still can’t find my notes.③The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now looking into the matter.14. makemake for 向----前进，快速走向make out 理解，辨认出，make up 组成，占----比例；补偿；make up for 弥补，补偿make up of 由---组成；包含有make the best of 充分利用①I couldn’t make out what they were saying, for they spoke to me rather quick.②In Britain today women make up44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.③I think John will make a good monitor, so I’d like to vote for him.④The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose I’ll just have to make the best of it.15. pick out 挑出；分辨出；区别出pick up 偶然获得，学会，①Sam picked up some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.②This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can pick out my father.16. putput aside 放在一边；储存；保留put away 放好；收好put down 写下；记下；镇压put up with 忍受；容忍put forward 提出；把---提前put up 举起；投宿put out 熄灭；关灯；put off 延期；推迟；关掉；①My mother opened drawer to put away the knives and spoons.②Don’t be so di scouraged. If you put away such feelings，you will do better next time.③The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.④He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night⑤Why do we have to put up with Joan’s selfish behavior? She should learn to care for others．⑥The meeting has been put off until next week．17,RunAll our supply of food has run out .We ran out of coal，and had to burn wood.18. sendsend for 派人去请send out 发送；长出；①As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine，we must send for an engineer to handlethe problem.19. setset about 开始做，着手set apart 使分离；set aside 留出；拨出set down 记下，写下set off 动身出发；引起；使爆炸set out 动身出发；引起set up 建立；创立；①Einstein liked Bose’s paper so much that set aside his own work and translated it into German.②For all these years I have been wo rking for others. I’m hoping I’ll set up my own business.③It’s ten years since the scientist set out on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.20. taketake after 与----相似take apart 拆卸（机器）take for （错）当作；（误）认为take in 吸收；接受；领会；欺骗take off 起飞；脱下take on 呈现；采纳；承担，take one’s time 不要着急，慢慢地做take over 接收，接管，取代take to 喜欢；养成---的习惯take up 占据，开始从事①After studying in a medical college for five years，Jane took up her job as a doctor in the countryside.②I take it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair③Don’t be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.④Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.21. turnturn down 关小，调低，拒绝turn out 结果是；原来是；培养turn over 翻转/身；移交；仔细考虑turn to 求助于；（把注意力等）转向；turn up 被发现，露面①We wanted to get home before dark，but it didn’t quite turn out as planned.②She’s having a lot of trouble with the new computer，but she doesn’t know whom to turn.③We were hoping for a full team today but only five players turned up.④She held out for a higher wage，but was turned down in the end.22. more than 超过，other than 除了，rather than 而不是，①Everyone here can go there other than you.②Have we anything to drink other than milk?③I love swimming rather than skating.④I can go there rather than you.⑤I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.23.只能接-ing分词作宾语的词组：be used to, devote to, get down to,look forward to, give up, feel like,insist on, lead to, see to,object to, pay attention to, stick to,24，三词以上的短语动词add up to 总计, do away with 废除, look down on 轻视, look up to 仰望，尊敬,put up with 忍受, catch up with赶上, keep up with 保持一致, run out of 用完make up for 弥补, go on with 继续, get on(along) with 和……相处,look forward to 盼望take hold of 握住, get down to 认真开始, pay attention to 注意pay a visit to 访问, take the place of 取代accuse sb of sth控告某人犯某事（罪），warn sb of sth警告提醒某人有某情况convince sb. of sth.使某人确信某事cure sb of sth治好某人的病inform sb of sth通知某人某事, remind sb of sth使某人想起某情况by means of通过….., 靠…by this means/ in this way用这种方法by no means/in no case决不by all means用一切办法take one’s seat坐下have a seat请坐be seated 就座, 坐着seat oneself in/at/on使自己坐在…be fit for适合keep fit/keep healthy保持健康be fit to do 适合于….. fit in with适应……persuade sb. to do = persuade sb. into doing 说服某人做某事be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚be engaged in sth. = be engaged doing sth. 忙于…, 从事take great pains to do努力做某事spare no pains to do全力以赴做某事stick to sth. 坚持…be stuck in …陷进…spare money/time for 省出钱…，腾出时间in one’s spare time 在某人业余时间spare no efforts to do 不遗余力去做。