不定式与分词作状语,独立成分,独立主格结构与with复合结构共24页
独立主格结构(完整版)

Absolute Construction
独立主格结构
精选2021版课件
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一、 独立主格结构的构成:
• 英语中的独立主格结构从语法上看,它是 一个独立的成分,而不是句子(因为句中 没有谓语),在句中主要用作状语,通常 可转换成状语从句。
could do for us. 她面带微笑问我们要什么。
精选2021版课件
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表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构, 也可用with复合结构。 with +名词 (代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/ 副词/不定式/介词短语
He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raised.
A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子,我们必须节省每一分钱。
Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow.
现在李蕾来了,魏方明天到。
精选2021版课件
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We divided the work, he to clean the window and I to sweep the floor.
3.The meeting ____, he went back to his company. A. over B. been over C. was over D. have been over
4.Time ____,we shall visit the zoo. A. been permitting B. permitting C. permitted D. having been permitted
不定式和分词作状语,独立成分,独立主格结构和with复合结构(24张)

Reflection: 不定式主要是用作什么状语? 作其它状语时,句子结构有什么特征?
三、. 分词作状语 1.分词作状语的形式
形式 (not) doing
(not) having done (not) being done
(not) having been done v.-ed (done)
意义 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,且与谓语动词同时/ 基本同时发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,先于谓语动词发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且与谓语动词同时/ 基本同时发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且先于谓语动词发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,表完成
不定式或分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致,若不一致, 则需要带有自己的逻辑主语,称之为独立主格结构。 独立主格结构:名词/代词+分词/不定式(名词,形容词,副词,介词短语) ; with复合结构:with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式(名词,形容词,副词,
介词短语)。
特点: ①逻辑主语独立存在,与句子的主语不同。 ②逻辑主语与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。 ③独立主格结构一般由逗号与句子分开。
4) The holiday
finished (finish),we began our new term.
5) As a result, the virus had been found in the majority of provinces ,
with thousands of people i_n_f_ec_t_e_d___(infect).
2.分词作状语的句法功能
eg.
As she didn't see anybody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
With结构,独立主格,分词

二,分词短语作状语
分词短语作状语, 分词短语作状语 其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语. 主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词. 分词短语在句中常作以下状语: 1,原因状语 , 题20..______ busy, they had no time to play. A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the above
题8.____, the text became easier for us to learn. A.When new words were explained B.Explaining new words C.New words explaining D.Being explained new words 题9.___________, the patient can leave the hospital. A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions
With+复合宾语 三, With+复合宾语
构成: 宾语补足语" 构成:"with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语". 宾语由代词 名词,名词词组充当,宾补由分 由代词, 宾语由代词,名词,名词词组充当,宾补由分 不定式,形容词,副词,介词短语, 词,不定式,形容词,副词,介词短语,名 词等充当. 词等充当. 1.with +宾语 现在分词(主动或正在进行) . 宾语+ 现在分词(主动或正在进行) 宾语 He fell asleep with the lamp burning. You can't leave here with the machine running. With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village. .
With独立主格结构大全

with独立主格结构是英语中一种重要的句法现象,在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。
多年来也一直是命题的热点、重点,因此应该引起我们的高度重视。
众所周知,wi th引导的独立主格结构非常活跃,虽然它在句子中只作状语,但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。
现将with引导的独立主格结构总结如下。
一、句法结构1. with +名词(代词)+介词短语He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand.他手托下巴,坐在那儿沉思。
The old man stood there, with his back against thewall.那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。
Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards thedoor.玛丽*近火炉坐着,背对着门。
2. with +名词(代词)+形容词He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open.他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder andmystery.这人抬起头来,眼里充满了好奇。
He stood there trembling, with his face red withcold.他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖,脸都冻红了。
3. with +名词(代词)+副词With production up by 60%, the company has had other excellentyear.产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。
The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothingon.这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。
The naughty boy stood before his teacher with hishead down.这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。
with_结构和独立主格

当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词 用现在分 词,不及物动词用过去分词。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. Weather___, we'll go out for a walk. A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with 的复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 举例: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise. The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 独立主格结构使用介词的问题: 当介词是in时, 其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词 或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不 受此限制 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. ( hand前不能加his)。
with结构与独立主格结构的关系
with结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上, with结构由介词with或without引导,名词前有 冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修 饰,结构较松散;而独立主格结构没有with 或without引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不 用修饰语。在句法功能上,with结构可以作 定语,独立主格结构则不能;独立主格结构 通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而 with结构则不能。
非谓语动词(Non-finiteverbs)

非谓语动词(Non-finiteverbs)非谓语动词概述:不定式(todo):目的、将来形式现在分词(doing):主动、进行过去分词(done):被动、完成todo:某一次具体的动作作主语doing:抽象的、概念性的、多次的、经常性的行为todo:某一次具体的动作作表语doing:抽象的、概念性的、多次的、经常性的行为done:todo作宾语doing句法功能todo:目的、将来作定语doing:主动、进行done:被动、完成todo:目的、将来作宾补doing:主动、进行done:被动、完成todo:目的、将来作状语doing:主动、进行done:被动、完成独立成分作状语n./pron.+todo/doing/done独立主格结构with的复合结构GrammarI:非谓语动词的形式(一)过去分词:过去分词只有一种形式,就是一般式done。
①单独表示一个被动的动作;②也可以单独表示动作已经完成;③还可以同时表示被动和完成。
(二)现在分词的各种形式:(三)主动被动用法一般doing beingdone doing的动作与谓语动作几e.g.1._______________(hear)thenews,theycouldn’thelpla ughing.e.g.2.Not________________(finish)thetask,theyhavetostayt hereforanothertwoweeks.e.g.3.________________(turn)offtheTVset,hebegantogoover (复习)hislessons.e.g.4.______________(heat加热),thewatergetshot.e.g.5._______________(build)forhalfayear,thebuildingbeca meourlibrary.e.g.6._______________(tell)manytimes,hestillrepeated(重复)thesamemistake.e.g.7.Isawtherewasaboy________________(blame)byhisfat her.(四)不定式的各种形式(五)e.g.1.Therearemanydishes_________________(wash)inthek itchen.SoIdon’thavetimetoseeafilmwithyoutonight.注意:非谓语动词的否定形式是在其前加notGrammarII:todo、doing作主语或表语一、todo、doing作主语的一般用法:e.g.1.Toswimtodayisagoodideae.g.2.Eatingtoomuchisbad foryourhealth.思考:todo作主语,表__________________________________________________的动作;doing作主语,表_________________________________________________的动作。
独立主格结构(完整版)with课件

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独立主格结构的类型
名词性独立主格结构
总结词
名词性独立主格结构是由名词或名词短语构成的独立主格形式。
详细描述
名词性独立主格结构通常表示一种状态或情境,其中名词或名词短语作为主语 ,没有连接词连接主句,而是通过非谓语动词的形式与主句形成逻辑关系。
形容词性独立主格结构
总结词
形容词性独立主格结构是由形容词或 形容词短语构成的独立主格形式。
不定式性独立主格结构
总结词
不定式性独立主格结构是由不定式或不定式短语构成的独立主格形式。
详细描述
不定式性独立主格结构通常表示一种目的或意图,其中不定式或不定式短语作为主语,没有连接词连 接主句,而是通过非谓语动词的形式与主句形成逻辑关系。
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独立主格结构的句法功能
做状语
状语功能
独立主格结构可以作为状语,修饰谓语或整个句子,表达时间、条件、原因、伴随等状 态。例如:“The meeting being over, the guests left the hall.”(会议结束后,客
不定式性独立主格结构例句解析
不定式性独立主格结构
不定式短语在句子中充当独立主格,表示将要发生的 动作或状态。
例句
To finish the project on time, everyone worked hard and stayed up late.(为了按时完成项目,大家 都努力工作,熬夜加班。)
He lay on the bed, tired and exhausted, and fell asleep immediately.(他躺在床上,疲惫不堪,很快就睡 着了。)
分词性独立主格结构例句解析
分词性独立主格结构
9-1-with-复合结构和独立主格

with的复合结构,是由with+复合宾语组成.常在句中做状语,表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等.其构成有下列几种情形:1。
with+名词(或代词)+现在分词此时,现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
1)With prices going up so fast,we can't afford luxuries。
由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起高档商品。
(原因状语)2)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。
(伴随情况)2.with+名词(或代词)+过去分词此时,过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
例如:1)I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling。
我在房间坐了一会儿,眼睛盯着天花板。
(伴随情况)2)She had to walk home with her bike stolen.自行车被偷,她只好步行回家。
(原因状语)3。
with+名词(或代词)+形容词1)I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉.(伴随情况)2)With the weather so close and stuffy,ten to one it'll rain presently.大气这样闷,十之八九要下雨。
(原因状语)4.with+名词(或代词)+介词短语1)With the children at school,we can't take our vacation when we want to。
由于孩子们在上学,所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。
(原因状语)2)The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿.(行为方式)5.with+名词(或代词)+副词1)He fell asleep with the light on.他睡着了,灯还亮着。