招投标过程中业主和投标者不对称状况和策略选择的分析
招投标过程中业主和投标者不对称状况和策略选择的分析

招投标过程中业主和投标者不对称状况和策略选择的分析Abstract--The tendering and bidding process is the key step in forming the co-operative relationship in project construction.As one of the most important process of construction, bidding is carried on an asymmetric situation.From the view of the Tenderer,the asymmetric information can be considered as unreplied or unexpressed contract system.However,from the view of the Owner,it is the measurement taken by the Tenderer corresponding to his bidding documents, but unbeknown to him.This Asymmetric Situation has great effect of the process of co oject, and to treat and adjust the situation reasonably will be a key problem.Here.from different views, we discussed the asymmetric information situation and gave some advice to both.Both the owner and the Tenderer can take some measures to make up for the asymmetrical information so as to guarantee the smooth undertaking of the business and realize the interest aims of each parties.Keywords Construction Bidding Asymmetric Information Implied Contract1. INTRODUCTIONThe tendering and bidding process is the key step in forming the co-operative relationship in project construction.During the tendering and bidding,the Owner proposes the aim,requirement and the mode of co-operation and expresses them in the form of tendering documents and contracts.In response to the demands of the Owner, the Tenderer puts forward correspondent aim and promise based on its evaluation of the project.The co-operation o f the two parties of the construction is reflected and regulated through contracts and the Owner and Tenderer exchange information and establish contracts during the tendering and bidding process.However, the exchange of information is neither complete nor symmetrical and the Owner constructs an asymmetrical information platform for the Tenderers while the Tenderer also takes some corresponding measures.2.THE ASYMMETRIC SITUATlON OFTHE OWNER AND THE TENDERERA.The information platform of the OwnerThe Owner constructs the information platform around the contracts,including stated contract(or expressed contract/conditions)and implied contract (or unexpressed contract/conditions).The stated contract which is provided by the Owner is the document consisted of contract terms and conditions as the rules and regulations in the co-operation of the project construction.It signifies the management system and procedure of the project as well as the way of solving the problems arising during the construction.The stated contact is specified in the text and terms of the construction contract.Generally speaking,the format of this document is fixed and its sample including the notice to the Tenderer,Bill of Quantity,Drawing and 1etters etc,is circulated in the industry.All these documents are stated clearly and the Tenderer can decide its own tendering strategy and price according to the information.The certainty of the stated contract enables the Tenderer to understand and grasp the information;therefore it is of primary importance in deciding the price of the tendering.The implied contract is the part which does not appear in the stated contract, but still is accepted by the two parties and has the power of binding their behavior.For one thing,the implied contract consists of the social, Economic,1egaland technical backgrounds of the stated contract, therefore serving as its precondition;for another, the implied contract is also the reasonable inference drawn from the stated contract under certain social,economic,legal and technological backgrounds.Therefore,the implied contract is made up of two parts:the common implied contract and the inferred contract.The common implied contract mainly refers to the relevant laws and regulations issued by the government, the conventions established by usage in this particular industry.the technological regulations which has the legal power and the basic principles accepted in the realms of technology and economy.Although the part mentioned above is not stated clearly and detailedly in the articles of the contract, it still constitutes the rule and regulations in the process of project construction.Therefore it can not be violated since both parties are clear about its existence.The inferred contract is based on the reasonable and just inference of the stated contract and the common implied contract, therefore should be abided by during the implementation of the project.Besides,in specific project environment,the inferred contract can serve as the basis andstandard of the two parties.Compared with the common implied contract, the inferred contract is more complicated because “it is the basis and standard based on sensible inference”.This poses a challenge to the professional proficiency of the person who infers and the person who judges.Only when the two parties have similar professional proficiency and background and understand the principles in the similar way,can they come to similar conclusions.Due to the existence of the implied contract,the Tenderer can not obtain the same information as the Owner does;therefore the information platform of the Owner is asymmetrical from the viewpoint of the Tenderer.The Owner takes the initiative position at the first stage of the trade as well as in the process of information exchange.B.The information platform of the TendererIn order to obtain the contract of the project and then the profit of construction, the Tenderer will offer corresponding information to meet the demands of the Owner.The information is based on its own estimation of the project environment, construction requirement and profit expectation,therefore forming the information platform of the Tenderer.The information offered by the Tenderer is theresponse to the active information of the Owner, so the Tenderer takes a comparatively passive position on the first stage of the trading process.3. THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POSITIONSOf THE TWO PARTIESThe active and passive positions formed on the first stage of the bidding and tendering process will change along with the changes of the asymmetricalness of the information exchange between the two parties during the business process.A, the active and passive positions of the OwnerThe active position of the Owner derives from its mastery of the original information of the project and its right of issuing information.Secondly.its active position also lies in its rights of evaluating the bidding information and deciding the successful Tenderer.But the disadvantage lies in that its information platform remains standstill,and instead of being responsive information, the information is only the original.At the same time.when faced with a large number of Tenderers,the Owner can not choose actively;instead it can only accept one of the Tenderers passively according to the fixed rules.At thistime,the important details relevant to the interest of the project, such as the pricing strategy and the project strategy of the Tenderer can not be made sure during the tendering and bidding process.From this aspect, the Owner is undoubtedly the passive accepter of in the information exchange.Besides,the implied contract formed in the tendering and bidding process seems to be especially disadvantageous to the Tenderers.because it will increase their risk as well as the disputes.Therefore.the Tenderers will raise the price in the tendering process so as to make up for the potential loss,which in turn will increase the latent loss of the Owner.The Owner is the party who drafts and signs the contract:therefore all kinds of implied contract will not protect its interest.What is more.The principle of ‘'reverse interpretation” in settling the contract dispute is even more disadvantageous to the Owner.B. The active and passive positions of the TendererNow let us look at the positions of the Tenderer.During the bidding process,when confronted with the high-above information platform of the Owner, the Tenderer takes a passive position.But the Tenderer has the freedom of choice and it can choose different Owners anddifferent projects.This helps the Tenderer to win an activeposition in terms of evaluating the expected profit andcomparing the project information.At the same time,when confronted with all kinds of restrictions and information barriers made by the Owner,theTenderer can actively choose the strategy to deal with.It canmake up for the loss of information and even construct aninformation barrier responsively;in terms of these,theTenderer can become the comparatively active side in theinformation exchange.招投标过程中业主与投标者不对称状况与策略选择的分析摘要:招投标过程是形成建设项目中合作关系的关键.作为工程建设最重要的过程,招投标在一个非对称状态下进行。
招标评标过程中问题及措施

招标评标过程中问题及措施招标评标是政府采购和企业采购中非常重要的环节,其结果直接关系到采购项目的成败。
然而,在实际操作中,招标评标过程中常常会出现各种问题,如信息不对称、评标标准不清晰、评标过程不公正等,这些问题严重影响了招标评标的公平性和透明度。
本文将从问题和相应的措施两个方面来探讨招标评标过程中的挑战和应对之策。
一、问题。
1. 信息不对称。
在招标评标过程中,信息不对称是一个普遍存在的问题。
招标方和投标方拥有的信息不对称,容易导致评标结果的偏颇。
招标方可能掌握着更多的信息,而投标方则可能对项目的具体情况了解不足,这样就会影响评标结果的公正性。
2. 评标标准不清晰。
评标标准不清晰是另一个常见的问题。
如果评标标准不清晰,评标人员容易主观判断,导致评标结果的不公正。
此外,评标标准不明确也容易导致评标人员在评标过程中偏离评标标准,从而影响评标结果的准确性。
3. 评标过程不公正。
评标过程不公正也是一个严重的问题。
评标人员可能存在利益冲突,或者受到外部压力的影响,导致评标结果的不公正。
此外,评标过程中可能存在舞弊现象,也会影响评标结果的公正性。
4. 评标人员素质参差不齐。
评标人员素质参差不齐也是一个问题。
评标人员的素质直接关系到评标结果的准确性和公正性。
如果评标人员的素质不高,容易导致评标结果的偏颇,影响招标评标的公正性和透明度。
二、措施。
1. 加强信息披露。
为了解决信息不对称的问题,招标方应加强信息披露,向所有投标方公开项目的相关信息,包括项目的背景、需求、评标标准等。
这样可以使得投标方和招标方拥有相同的信息,从而避免信息不对称的问题。
2. 明确评标标准。
为了解决评标标准不清晰的问题,招标方应在招标文件中明确评标标准,包括技术要求、商务要求、价格要求等。
评标标准应该具体明确,避免模糊不清,这样可以使得评标人员在评标过程中有明确的依据,从而避免主观判断。
3. 强化评标过程监督。
为了解决评标过程不公正的问题,招标方应加强对评标过程的监督,确保评标过程的公正、公开和透明。
招投标活动中存在的主要问题及对策

招投标活动中存在的主要问题及对策招投标活动是政府采购、企业采购等领域中非常重要的环节,是公平竞争、选择合适的供应商的重要手段。
在实际的招投标活动中,常常出现各种问题,如信息不对称、不公平竞争等,严重影响了招投标活动的效果。
针对这些问题,我们需要认真分析并提出对策,以确保招投标活动的公平、公正、透明。
一、主要问题:1. 信息不对称在招投标活动中,招标方和投标方之间往往存在着信息不对称的情况。
招标方可能掌握着更多的信息,而投标方只能依靠公开的招标文件来进行竞争。
这种情况下,招标方可能通过不公开的渠道向指定的供应商传递信息,导致其他投标方无法获得同等机会。
2. 腐败现象在一些招投标活动中,腐败现象屡见不鲜。
一些招标方可能借助行贿、受贿等手段来达到自己的目的,使得本应公平竞争的招投标活动变得非常不公正。
3. 不规范操作在招投标活动中,有些招标方可能出于私利,对招标文件进行私自修改,或者变相地提高供应商的门槛,导致一些合格的供应商无法参与竞争,影响了招投标活动的公平性和效率。
4. 违规操作一些招标方可能违规操作,如违反招标文件的规定,向某个投标方透露其他供应商的报价等信息,严重损害了其他投标方的利益。
二、对策建议:1. 加强信息公开为了解决信息不对称的问题,我们可以加强招标文件和相关信息的公开透明度。
招标方应当在招标文件中详细说明竞争条件、评标标准、评标方法等,确保所有投标方都能够获得同等机会。
可以通过网络等渠道公开相关信息,提高信息的透明度。
2. 建立监督机制对于招投标活动中的腐败现象,需要建立相关的监督机制,加强对招标方和投标方的监督。
一方面可以建立独立的监督机构,加强对招标活动的监管;也可以鼓励投标方积极揭发腐败现象,保护揭发者的合法权益。
3. 加强规范培训为了规范招投标活动,需要加强相关工作人员的规范培训。
招标方的相关人员需要了解招标文件的编制原则和标准,严格按照规定操作,不得私自修改招标文件。
同时也需要加强对供应商的规范教育,使他们遵守规定,提高招投标活动的公平性。
浅析招投标中存在的问题及对策(全文)

浅析招投标中存在的问题及对策(全文)【浅析招投标中存在的问题及对策】引言:招投标是经济活动中常见的一种方式,但在实际应用中往往存在一系列问题,包括信息不对称、低信任度、不规范操作等。
本文将对招投标中存在的问题进行分析,并提出相应的对策。
一、信息不对称问题及对策1.1 招标文件信息不透明问题描述:招标文件中的信息不够清晰、完整,投标人难以准确了解项目要求和评选标准。
对策建议:完善招标文件,明确项目要求和评选标准,提供详细的技术规范和投标要求,以确保投标者能够充分理解并准备符合要求的投标文件。
1.2 行业垄断导致信息不对称问题描述:某些行业存在少数几家企业垄断市场,信息不对称现象严重,给其他投标人带来不公平。
对策建议:加强市场监管,打破行业垄断,引入更多的竞争者,促使信息公开和资源公平分配。
二、低信任度问题及对策2.1 供应商的不信任问题描述:供应商不信任招标机构的公正性和公平性,耽心在竞争中得不到合理对待。
对策建议:建立多层次的监管机制,加强对招标机构的监督,建立诚信评价体系,对履约能力强、信誉好的供应商赋予优惠政策和奖励。
2.2 投标人的不诚信问题描述:投标人在投标过程中不遵守承诺,提供虚假材料,扰乱市场秩序。
对策建议:建立严格的投标监管制度,强化对投标人的审核和追责机制,对违规者实施处罚,并公开暴光,以提升投标人的诚信度。
三、不规范操作问题及对策3.1 招投标流程不规范问题描述:招投标流程不规范,操作不规范,容易引起争议和法律纠纷。
对策建议:建立统一的招投标管理规范和流程,明确各环节责任,加强培训和指导,提高操作人员的专业素质和法律意识。
3.2 缺乏监督和评估机制问题描述:招投标过程中缺乏有效的监督和评估机制,导致不规范操作。
对策建议:建立独立的监督机构,加强对招投标过程的监督和评估,及时发现问题和不规范行为,并提出改进措施。
结论:招投标中存在的问题主要包括信息不对称、低信任度和不规范操作等方面,针对这些问题,我们提出了相应的对策和建议,希翼能够促进招投标流程的规范化和公平性。
招投标领域存在的问题及对策建议

招投标领域存在的问题及对策建议招投标领域存在的问题及对策建议问题1:信息不对称在招投标过程中,经常出现信息不对称的情况。
投标方对于招标方的需求信息了解不准确,导致投标方的方案无法真实反映需求,甚至无法达到预期效果。
解决对策:1. 明确需求:招标方在发布招标文件时,应明确表达对于产品或服务的需求,包括规格、技术要求、交付时间等。
同时,招标方也应提供充分的信息,以便投标方准确了解项目需求。
2. 信息沟通:投标方可以通过询问招标方提供更多的背景信息,以便更准确地了解项目需求。
同时,招标方也应及时回复并提供确切的解答,避免信息不对称。
问题2:投标方质量参差不齐在招投标过程中,投标方的质量参差不齐,有些投标方提供的产品或服务质量无法达到要求,给招标方带来困扰。
解决对策:1. 严格资质审查:招标方在资格预审环节应严格审核投标方的资质和经验,确保投标方具备满足项目要求的能力。
2. 技术评估:在评估投标方方案时,招标方应重点关注技术能力和实施方案,确保能够满足项目要求。
3. 合同管理:招标方在签订合同时,应明确约定产品或服务的质量标准和验收标准,以及相应的违约责任,确保投标方履行合同义务。
同时,招标方也应及时对履约情况进行监督和检查。
问题3:不公平、不透明的评标过程评标过程中存在不公平、不透明的问题,可能导致某些投标方的竞争优势被削弱,失去公平竞争的机会。
解决对策:1. 独立评标组:确保评标组的独立性和公正性,避免评标过程中出现利益冲突。
2. 透明评标:将评标过程公开,让投标方了解整个评标过程,并有权监督评标结果的公正性。
3. 定量标准:评标标准应尽量做到定量化,减少主观因素的影响,保证评标结果的客观性。
4. 投诉机制:建立健全的投诉处理机制,对评标过程中的投诉进行及时处理,保障投标方的合法权益。
附件:1. 招标文件范本2. 应答函模板3. 合同范本4. 投标报价模板5. 风险评估表法律名词及注释:1. 招标:指采购方向供应商发布采购公告,力邀符合条件的供应商参与投标。
企业招投标制度中存在的问题与对策探讨

企业招投标制度中存在的问题与对策探讨企业招投标制度是企业进行采购和招标工作的重要规范,有效的招投标制度可以保证公平竞争,减少腐败风险,提高采购效率。
实际操作中,招投标制度也存在一些问题。
本文将探讨几个常见的问题,并提出相应的对策。
问题一:信息不对称在招投标过程中,投标人与招标人之间的信息不对称常常导致不公平竞争。
投标人了解项目细节可能比招标人更充分,从而有利于他们在投标中获得优势。
招标人有时可能不会披露全部信息,从而降低其他潜在投标人竞争的可能性。
对策一:加强信息公开招标人应在公告中尽可能详细披露项目相关信息,包括项目描述、技术要求、采购数量、预算等。
可以设立问询窗口,及时回答投标人的问题,以确保信息对称。
可以通过建立招投标平台,将信息公开化,提高透明度。
问题二:招标文件设计不合理有时招标文件设计不合理,可能导致竞争不公平。
招标文件过于复杂、冗长,可能使许多中小型企业望而却步;招标文件要求过高或过于狭窄,可能使只有少数企业具备所需条件的企业能够参与。
对策二:简化招标文件招标文件应以简洁明了为原则,避免使用过多复杂的专业术语和技术要求,使更多的企业能够理解和参与。
可以根据项目的不同特点,进行分类,设立不同的标段,以促进更多企业的参与。
问题三:评标标准不合理评标标准的设置直接影响投标人的竞争性。
如果评标标准过于片面或过于主观,可能使得投标人在决策过程中较难获胜,甚至可能导致腐败行为的发生。
对策三:建立科学客观的评标标准评标标准应尽量客观、科学,并与项目需求相匹配。
可以考虑将技术与商务评标分开进行,并设立具体的评分细则。
还可以引入第三方专业机构进行评标,以确保评标结果的公正性和公平性。
问题四:监督不力监督不力是招投标制度问题的一个重要方面。
如果监督不到位,可能导致一些违规行为的发生,严重影响招投标的公平性和透明度。
对策四:加强监督力度可以设立专门的招标监管机构,负责对招投标过程进行监督和管理。
要及时公开招标结果,接受社会的监督。
工程招投标中存在的一些问题及解决方案

工程招投标中存在的一些问题及解决方案工程招投标是工程建设项目的重要环节,是保障工程质量和效益的重要手段。
目前在工程招投标中仍然存在着一些问题,如信息不对称、不公平竞争、质量风险等,这些问题严重影响了工程建设的质量和效益。
本文将针对工程招投标中存在的一些问题进行剖析,并提出一些解决方案。
一、信息不对称在工程招投标中,信息不对称是常见的问题。
一方面,招标方和投标方之间的信息传递不畅,导致竞争不公平;招标文件中的信息不完整或者不准确,造成投标者难以准确评估项目风险,进而影响投标报价的合理性。
解决方案:1. 公开透明:招标方需公开招标信息,确保信息公开透明,竞争者可以根据同等的信息参与竞争。
2. 完善招标文件:招标方在编制招标文件时,应该尽可能提供详细和准确的信息,以便投标者进行全面评估和合理报价。
3. 强化信息沟通:招标方和投标方之间应加强信息沟通,及时解决疑问和不明确的问题,以减少信息不对称带来的不公平竞争。
二、不公平竞争在工程招投标中,由于信息不对称、关系网络等因素,导致竞争不公平的现象十分突出。
一些实力较弱的企业往往无法享受公平的竞争机会,暴露出来的问题有可能会导致工程建设项目的质量和效益受损。
1. 加强监管:监管部门应加强对招标过程的监管,严厉打击弄虚作假、利用关系网等不正当手段干扰公平竞争。
2. 鼓励竞争:政府部门应加大对小型企业和新进入者的扶持力度,鼓励更多的企业参与竞争,推动市场竞争的活跃度。
3. 完善制度:建立健全的招标规则和监督体系,推动建立公平竞争的市场环境。
三、质量风险工程建设的质量是关乎工程项目成败的关键因素。
在工程招投标中,由于投标者追求降低成本,施工方面可能会采用次品材料,缩减标准,最终对工程质量和安全产生一定的隐患。
1. 强化标准:招标方应加强对工程质量的把控,对招标文件中的质量标准和要求进行进一步明确和细化,确保工程质量符合要求。
2. 加强监督:监管部门应加强对施工过程的监督,对使用不合格材料、施工不合格情况进行严格处罚,切实保障工程质量。
浅谈招投标中存在的问题及对策

浅谈招投标中存在的问题及对策招投标是指政府或企事业单位在需要采购商品、工程或服务时,通过公开发出的招标文件邀请供应商或承包商提出报价或投标书,从而选择最有利于自身利益的供应商或承包商的过程。
招投标过程中存在着许多问题,包括信息不对称、不公平竞争、质量风险等,这些问题都严重影响了招投标的公平性和效率。
本文将就招投标中存在的问题进行浅谈,并提出相应的对策。
一、信息不对称在招投标过程中,供应商和承包商通常拥有更多的信息和资源,而采购单位则缺乏相应的信息和资源,导致信息不对称现象。
信息不对称不仅影响了采购单位对供应商或承包商的选择,也容易引发不公平竞争和腐败现象,严重损害了公平竞争的原则。
对策:加强信息公开和透明度,建立信息平等的招投标平台,确保采购单位能够获取到充分的信息,避免信息不对称导致的不公平竞争和腐败现象。
加强对供应商和承包商资格的审核,确保其真实性和合法性,防范不良行为的发生。
二、不公平竞争在招投标过程中,存在着各种形式的不公平竞争,包括贿赂、串通投标、虚假宣传等。
这些不公平竞争行为严重影响了招投标的公平性和效率,甚至损害了社会公共利益。
对策:建立健全的监督机制,加强对招投标过程的监督和检查,发现和打击不公平竞争行为。
加强对投标者的资质审核和信用评价,筛选出正规、有实力的供应商和承包商参与招投标,确保招投标的公平性和透明度。
三、质量风险在招投标过程中,由于信息不对称和不公平竞争的存在,往往会导致采购单位选择了质量低劣的产品或服务,产生了质量风险。
质量风险不仅影响了采购单位的利益,也损害了供应商或承包商的声誉和利益,严重影响了整个市场的健康发展。
对策:建立健全的质量监控体系,加强对供应商或承包商的监督和管理,确保其产品或服务的质量符合采购单位的需求和标准。
加强对招投标文件的编制和评标过程的监督,严格执行招投标规则,杜绝质量风险的发生。
四、交易成本高招投标过程中存在大量的交易成本,包括信息获取成本、参与成本、谈判成本等,这些成本不仅增加了采购单位和供应商或承包商的负担,也降低了招投标的效率和公平性。
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Analysis of the Asymmetric Situation in the Process of Tendering & Bidding and Strategies Choices for The Owner & The Tenderer Abstract--The tendering and bidding process is the key step in forming the co-operative relationshipinformation situation and gave some advice to both.Both the owner and the Tenderer can take some measures to make up for the asymmetrical information so as to guarantee the smooth undertaking of the business and realize the interest aims of eachparties.Keywords Construction Bidding Asymmetric Information Implied Contract1. INTRODUCTIONThe tendering and bidding process is the keytendering and bidding process.However, the exchange of information is neither complete nor symmetrical and the Owner constructs an asymmetrical information platform for the Tenderers while the Tenderer also takes some corresponding measures.2. THE ASYMMETRIC SITUATlON OFTHE OWNER AND THE TENDERERA.The information platform of the OwnerThe Owner constructs the information platform around the contracts,including stated contract(oris fixed and its sample including the notice to the Tenderer,Bill of Quantity,Drawing and 1etters etc,is circulated in the industry.All these documents are stated clearly and the Tenderer can decide its own tendering strategy and price according to theinformation.The certainty of the stated contract enables the Tenderer to understand and grasp the information;therefore it is of primary importance in deciding the price of the tendering.The implied contract is the part which does notrelevant laws and regulations issued by the government, the conventions established by usage in this particular industry.the technological regulations which has the legal power and the basic principles accepted in the realms of technology andeconomy.Although the part mentioned above is not stated clearly and detailedly in the articles of the contract, it still constitutes the rule and regulations in the process of project construction.Therefore it can not be violated sincethe person who judges.Only when the two parties have similar professional proficiency and background and understand the principles in the similar way,can they come to similar conclusions.Due to the existence of the implied contract,the Tenderer can not obtain the same information as the Owner does;therefore the information platform of the Owner is asymmetrical from the viewpoint of the Tenderer.The Owner takes the initiative position at the first stage of the trade as well as in thethe first stage of the trading process.3. THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POSITIONSOf THE TWO PARTIESThe active and passive positions formed on the first stage of the bidding and tendering processwill change along with the changes of the asymmetricalness of the information exchange between the two parties during the business process.A, the active and passive positions of the OwnerThe active position of the Owner derives fromthis time,the important details relevant to the interest of the project, such as the pricing strategy and the project strategy of the Tenderer can not be made sure during the tendering and bidding process.From this aspect, the Owner is undoubtedlythe passive accepter of in the information exchange.Besides,the implied contract formed in the tendering and bidding process seems to be especially disadvantageous to the Tenderers.because it will increase their risk as well as theNow let us look at the positions of the Tenderer.During the bidding process,when confronted with the high-above information platform of the Owner, the Tenderer takes a passive position.But the Tenderer has the freedom of choice and it can choosedifferent Owners and different projects.This helpsthe Tenderer to win an active position in terms ofevaluating the expected profit and comparing theproject information.At the same time,when confronted with all kinds况将会是一个关键问题。
现在我们从不同的角度讨论非对称信息状况并且给双方一些建议。
业主和投标人都可以采取措施来弥补非对称信息,为了保证顺利的实现交易并实现双方的利益目标。
整治和调整这种情是将会是一个关键问题.这里,听取了不同的意见后,我们讨论了非对称信息情况,并提出了一些建议给投标者和招标者.双方可以采取很多措施去克服非对称信息,以保证业务的顺利开展,旨在弥补实现各方利益。
关键词:工程招标信息不对称默认合同1。
简介招投标过程是形成建设项目中合作关系的关键.在招投标的过程中,业主在招标文件和合同中提出目标,要求和双方合作的模式,为了响应业主的要求,投标者根据其对项目的评估提出相应目标作出承诺。
工程双方的合作关系通过合同来反映和规定,并且在招投标过程中业主和投标者交换信息并订立合同。
然而,信息交换既不完整也不对称,业主为投标者构建了一个不对称的信息平台投标者也采取相应的措施。
2。
业主和投标者的不对称情况有明确和详细地在合同内容中提到,但它仍然是项目建设过程中的准则。
因此它不能违犯,因为双方都清楚它的存在。
推断合同是基于明示合同和一般默认合同合理和公正的解释,因此在项目施行过程中应当遵守。
在具体的项目环境下,推断合同可以作为双方的基础和标准。
与一般默认合同相比,推断合同更复杂,因为“这是基于合理推断的基础和标准”。