实用英语词汇学(3)

Exercises
We can’t stomach such insult. Robert roomed right next to me. He wolfed down his lunch. I’m one of his familiars. She flatted her last note. Come to the fore and have a warm. He turned his head and smooth back the hair over one temple. 8. The song quickly became the hit of the country. 9. We must train ourselves to distinguish right from wrong. 10. They braved a 40-below-zero snowstorm to rescue the farm’s cattle.
Fewer verb suffixes
be-, en-, -ify, -ize, -en; vacuumclean, housekeep
Noun to verb conversion
Semantically related to the original nouns in a variety of ways. 1. To put in/on N The workers canned the apples. (bottle, floor, pocket, cage, shelve) 2. To give N or to provide with N They shelter the orphans. (coat, fuel, sugar, label, finance, oil, butter) 3. To remove N from Bill weeded the garden. (juice, dust, skin, peel peel) 4. To do …with N John braked the car. She fingered the silk. (screw, pump, nail, elbow, knife, x-ray, shoulder)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
"The spokesman tailored his remarks to cushion the effect of a
recent announcement that a project funded by the government had idled 10,000 workers. This is not the first time the government has been faulted on such an issue. Last month, when the number of unemployed peaked, it was charged that the figures had been processed with a mix of fact and fiction. As a result, the Statistics Bureau further distanced itself from the trade unions. One trade union leader complained: 'We don't want a lot of hogwash ("insincere talk"). We want an administration that levels with us. From now on we're going to monitor the situation more strictly.' No wonder the bureau chiefs feel they are being pressured. "
3. Object or result of V: e.g. This little restaurant is quite a find. (catch, answer, buy, import, reject) 4. Agent of V: e.g. He is great bore. (cheat, spy, coach, help, rebel) 5. Instrument of V: e.g. The cloth is a good cover for the table. (cure, wrap, polish, wrench) 6. Place of V: e.g. This is the divide between the two rivers. (pass, turn, rise, retreat, dump)
Semantic relation of v-n conversion
1. Stative verbs: ~of mind, ~ of sensation
e.g. He had a desire to be a scientist. (doubt, want, surprise, disgust)
The second round of the boxing was exciting. Any round plate will do. Some drivers round corners too rapidly. The sound goes round and round. He lives round the corner.
5. To be or act as N e.g. She mothered the orphan. 1) nurse, boss, pilot, referee, captain e.g. Tom parroted what the boss had said. 2) ape, monkey, dog, wolf, kitten e.g. The police shadowed the suspected spy. 3) flood, ghost, mushroom, snowball 6. To change or make…into N e.g. Please cash this cheque for me. (cripple, feature, orphan, fool, group)
1. Intransitive----become the quality of… pale, slim, mellow, dim (out), idle (away) 2. Transitive---to cause ..to become… bare, blunt, busy (oneself), free, smooth, tame, warm, calm (down), clear, cool, dry, dirty, empty, narrow, slow (down), sober (up)
2. Dynamic verbs : event/activity, by using give, take, have, make, preceded by “a/an”:
e.g. to give a cry, shudder, howl, laugh to have a look, swim, ride, try, drink to make a dash, dive, guess, search, to take a peep, turn, walk, glance
Adj. to noun
Two groups: Partial and complete, features 1. the poor, the wounded, the deaf, the blind, the corrupt, … the accused, the diseased, the departed, the deserted, the condemned the Chinese, the Japanese, the Scotch… at the latest, at one’s best, 2. a native, a progressive, a white, a liberal, finals, valuables a given, a drunk, young marries, newly-weds
Verb to noun
Not as numerous as nouns from verbs Reasons: suffix, -ing form, synonyms
transportation, arrangement belongings, climb-ascent; scatter-dissemination
Others
Tom went home early. I’ll take a through train. My father was the then president. He knows all the ins and outs of the whole business. Life is full of ups and downs. Is John’s new baby a he? His talk contains too many ifs and buts. She feels very under-the –weather. Rubber gloves is a must if your skin is sensitive to washing powdare short, vivid and expressive. They are very commonly used in modern English. The policeman fingerprinted the criminal. He interned in the Capital Hospital.
7. Phrasal verbs: most common breakdown, breakthrough, dropout, frame-up, get-away, get-together, hold-up, sell-out, stand-by, bypass, handout