外文文献翻译智慧城市技术基础及应用

外文文献原文+译文原文Wisdom city: technical foundation and its applicationBen MAbstractWisdom is the hot spot in the field of urban development, city telecommunications science, urban planning, management, and other disciplines. These ideas and planning of mutual concern is how to efficiently connect all kinds of sensors, form the Internet of things, and through the supercomputers and cloud computing real-time analysis was carried out on the Internet to obtain information and control, realize the organic integration with the real world of digital city. On this basis, we can be in real-time massive amounts of information, to adopt a more precise and efficient way to manage the human production and life, so as to achieve state of wisdom. Wisdom city was established based on the urban comprehensive digital visible, measurable, perception, analysis, and can control the intelligent urban management and operation mechanism, including the city's network, sensor, computing resources, such as infrastructure, and on this basis, through analysis of the real time information and data of urban information management and comprehensive decision support platform, such as in the wisdom of the city, we will fully enjoy the wisdom of the power grid, the wisdom of the traffic, the wisdom of medical treatment, education and wisdom of the urban management and emergency application system through public service platform for everyone to provide customized, personalized service, will be more comfortable and safe life of city residents.1 IntroductionWisdom city is digital city and the Internet of things and cloud computing technologies such as the product of organic integration. Based on the basic framework of digital city, all kinds of iota sensor will connect people and its related fixed or moving objects, and mass data storage, computing, and interactive services to the cloud computing platform in the "cloud", according to the processing result of the city to implement real-time automation control, can realize the wisdom of urban services.Digital city will distribution in different areas and different geographical position of economy, culture, transportation, energy and education resources, according to specification of geographic coordinates for wisdom provides a basic framework of digital city. On the basis of digital frame, with RFID, infrared sensors, global positioning system (GPS), information acquisition technology such as laser scanner or sensing device, according to the contract agreement will object to connect to the Internet, in order to achieve the management object of distribution in urban intelligent identification, location, tracking and monitoring services. However, vast amounts of material information management needs cannot rely on computing resources to meet the existing terminal, urgent need scalable computing resources and can dynamically adjust the cloud computing model to solve the massive amounts of data, updating and real-time requirements of very high computational problems, such as the city's road network data real-time calculation and prediction. Based on the digital city organically mix the basic framework of the Internet of things and cloud computing technology. All IP network architecture of Internet of things is an intelligent sensor network, intelligent control network, the characteristics of intelligent safety net at an organic whole, truly identification, location, tracking and monitoring and intelligent management. Through the Internet of things people can be interested in any of the object for perception and operation. The Internet of things is unified coding system, intelligent sensor network, and network system, etc. Unified coding system is through the object type of objects for information such as the only address code and distribution. Intelligent sensor network is a iota of data acquisition and monitoring system of object, it use a variety of instruments and equipment to realize automatic recognition of static or moving objects, and carries on the data collection and exchange. Network system is composed of various local network and global Internet, information flow and management functions. Network system is on the basis of the global Internet, by including object name resolution services and entity markup language, such as software system implement physical interconnection in the city. All kinds of sensors to collect real-time massive amounts of data in digital city, and these huge amounts of data cannot be directly for the use of machines and people, must bethrough a variety of algorithm and model analysis and processing, processing for the available information and knowledge, can produce value finally. Vast amounts of data needs to be updated in real time, the traditional calculation methods cannot meet the need, and highly flexible, scalable, virtualization of cloud computing for complex real-time analysis and processing of all kinds of city model provides the possibility. According to the need of computing power and time requirements, "cloud" can provide elastic matching of computing resources and storage resources, the equivalent of a computing power is almost infinite expansion of the brain, according to the requirements on time will be huge amounts of data into information and knowledge, to provide need machine and user.2 Technical foundations2.1 Digital city related technologiesConcept of "digital city", as is the result of former U.S. vice President al gore presented "digital earth" mentioned in the digital virtual earth scenario. Through technology integration, can make its better integrated into the Internet, to provide services for mankind. The digital city as one of the most important part of digital earth is becoming a hot spot of research and application of digital. Specifically, the digital city is a city to cover the entire again according to the geographic coordinates to facilitate human understanding by the retrieval and utilization. Digital city can be understood as we live in a city in a copy in the digital world, it includes all the digital city related information, physics and chemistry, and visualization. Digital city according to the forms can be divided into the information provided in the form of text, a two-dimensional digital city plane (including 2D map and remote sensing image of city, etc.), 3D digital city space, four-dimensional space-time digital city space. Digital city technology covers the city space information acquisition, management, use, etc., the specific requirements to the construction of digital city and promotes the related technology development and mature gradually. In the future, government, research institutions, standards organizations, non-profit organizations, enterprises will jointly promote the further development and improvement of digital city technology. Seamless information model, all kinds of information scatteredthroughout the city, according to the city's geographic coordinates to reflect the city's natural, cultural, social and other kinds of information.2.2 The Internet of things technology"Internet of things" concept in 1999, the original is defined as "all items by radio frequency identification information such as sensing devices connected to the Internet, to realize intelligent identification and management". On November 17, 2005, "the world summit on information society" in Tunisia, the International Telecommunication Union (International Telecommunication Union, ITU) released the "ITU Internet report 2005: the Internet of things", puts forward the concept of "Internet of things". The definition of the Internet of things is: through the radio frequency identification, infrared sensors, global positioning system (GPS), such as the laser scanner information sensing device, according to the contract agreement, connect any item with the Internet, information exchange and communication, in order to realize intelligent identification, location, tracking and monitoring and management of a network.2.3 Cloud computing technologyCloud computing is a kind of calculation based on the pattern of the Internet, is the further extension and development of distributed computing and grid computing, is as the changes of the Internet resource allocation gradually formed. Computer interaction services once failed to out of the shackles of the hardware and until based on virtualization of the cloud computing, software and interactive services in order to completely has nothing to do with hardware, at the same time, also need not care about the hardware maintenance. Support the information service socialization, intensification and specialized cloud computing center through software reuse and the flexible restructuring, service process optimization and reconstruction, improve the utilization rate. Cloud computing promoted the software resources, information sharing and collaborative work between, forming a service-oriented computing. Cloud computing can be rapid processing huge amounts of data from the world, and provide services to tens of millions of users at the same time. Cloud computing key technology enables users don't need to care about the operating system, database andsoftware environment, and the underlying hardware environment, the computing center location, software providers and service channel. Like electricity, convenient, cloud computing allows users to more naturally and quickly use personalized interaction services.3 The application of wisdom city3.1 Contribute to the sustainable development of urban economyWisdom city construction, in the long run, can bring economic sustainable development and long-term prosperity good benefits. In the short term, can stimulate the digital city, the development of the Internet of things and cloud computing industry. Wisdom city construction, first of all, needs a lot of investment, smart grid, intelligent building, and intelligent transportation infrastructure. It can stimulate the economic growth of the industry, more and create a lot of jobs. Second, will provide more variety for all city residents and more convenient services, like urban operation "lubricant" and "catalyst", will greatly improve the efficiency of society, let everybody can have more effective time, create greater value and wealth. Finally, its infrastructure will for future innovation and industry upgrading transformation of great might.3.2 Service for urban residentsThe existing urban traffic management is basic spontaneously, each driver according to your own judgment to choose the route, traffic signals and signs only have static, limited guidance. That lead to urban road resources failed to get the highest efficiency, and create unnecessary traffic congestion and even paralysis. And relies on wisdom city traffic infrastructure of the sensor, can be the city's traffic, road conditions and other information collected in real time, and through the cloud computing center dynamically calculated the optimal route of traffic control scheme and garage, and then improve the efficiency of traffic system. In addition, after the establishment of a wisdom city infrastructure, both indoors and outdoors, using a laptop or smart handheld devices, can retrieve the user want to various services through the Internet of things, no matter in the office or in another city hotel, or waiting at the airport, can at any time with the team collaborative office, with hisfamily to share the information in the journey, let every urban residents can enjoy the wisdom of the city and convenient services anytime and anywhere.3.3 City security servicesWisdom city will greatly improve the urban security, after onset of events disposition will be engaged in passive receiving alarm disposal into the scene even before the automatic alarm or warning in time. Wisdom city security services to urban public security resources as the carrier, based on a spatial information, business information sharing platform and sensor network, construction of urban daily management, emergency command, prevention, early warning of the trinity of safety protection system, to realize intelligent daily safety management, sensor, automatic alarm warning, rapid response and intelligent aided decision, etc. Intelligent video analysis system can, for example, based on the function of video content analysis, presupposition is different in different video acquisition sensor alarm rules, once the target in the scene appeared a violation of the predefined rules, the system will automatically alarm and relevant personnel may adopt relevant measures from the alarm information.文献出处：Ben M. Wisdom city: technical foundation and its application [J]. Urban Design International, 2016, 4(3): 22-35.译文智慧城市:技术基础及应用Ben M摘要智慧城市是当今城市发展领域关注的热点，涉及电信科学、城市规划、管理学等多个学科门类。