国际私法英文总结
国际私法英文术语
国际私法英文第一章国际私法概述涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign factors国际民事关系international civil relation法律冲突conflict of laws冲突问题conflict problem冲突规范conflict rules，choice of law rules法律渊源sources of law法官造法judge made law冲突法重述restatement of conflict of laws选购法院forum shopping通例general practice国际私法基本原则basic principle of private international law 穷人规范poor persons rules法则区别说theory of statutes冲突法conflict of laws私国际法private international law国际私法international private law第三章国际私法主体关贸总协定GATT与贸易有关的知识产权协定trips与贸易有关的投资措施协议trims原始住所domicile of origin选择住所domicile of choice法定住所statuary domicile惯常居所habitual residence绝对豁免论doctrine of absolute immunity 限制豁免论doctrine of restrictive immunity 废除豁免论doctrine of abolishing immunity第四章冲突规范与准据法冲突规范conflict rules属人法lex personalis物之所在地法lex rei sitae，lex situs行为地法lex loci actus合同缔结地法lex loci contractus合同履行地法lex loci solutions婚姻举行地法lex loci celebrations侵权行为地法lex loci delicti法院地法lex fori旗国法law of the flag当事人合意选择的法律lex voluntatis意思自治autonomy of will客观连接点objective point of contact主观连接点subjective point of contact静态连接点constant point of contact动态连接点variable point of contact准据法lex causes，applicable law先决问题preliminary question 附带问题incidental problem第五章冲突规范的运用识别qualification classification characterization反致renvoi转致transmission间接反致indirect remission双重反致double renvoi公共秩序保留reservation of public order法律规避evasion of law第六章民事能力的法律适用推定存活presumption of life禁治产人interdiction第七章婚姻家庭的法律适用领事婚姻consular marriage第八章继承的法律适用区别制scission system同一制unitary system人法personal statutes无人继承财产bona vacantia法定继承人ultimate heir第十章知识产权的法律适用专利权patent著作权copyright第十一章合同的法律适用意思自治原则the doctrine of the autonomy of the parties 最密切联系原则theory of the most significant relationship 合同自体法property law of contract特征履行法approach of characteristic performance纳入方式adoption转化方式transformation自执行self-executing非自执行non self-executing第十二章商事关系的法律适用（这章太多了有的没摘）海上货运输合同：contract for the carriage of goods 租船合同：contract of affreightment提单：bill of lading保险人insurer or underwriter被保险人：insured or assured投保人：applicant代理权：authority第十三章侵权行为的法律适用侵权行为自体法：proper law of the tort第十四章不当得利和无因管理的法律适用返还请求权：restitution第十五章国际民事诉讼不方便法院原则：forum non-convenient doctrine 司法文书：judicial documents司法外文书：extrajudicial documents特派员：commissioners请求书：letter of request第十六章国际商事仲裁国际商事仲裁：international commercial arbitration 国际商事仲裁院：ICC解决投资争端国际中心：ICSID中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会：CIETAC中国海事仲裁委员会：CMAC国际商事仲裁协议：arbitration agreement仲裁条款：arbitration clause仲裁协议书：submission to arbitration agreements 自裁管辖原则：competence-competence临时性保全措施：interim measure of protection。
国际私法英文翻译英文
一，先决问题条件1.The main issue should be governed by a foreign law.主要问题依法院地的冲突规则，应以外国法为准据法。
2.There should be a subsidiary question which could have arisen separately , and this subsidiary question has its own independent choice of law rule.该附带问题可以作为单独的问题向法院提出, 并且该附带问题有自己的冲突规范可以援用。
3.The choice of law rule should lead to a conclusion different from that which would have been reached had the law governing the main question been applied.该问题依法院地国的冲突规范和依主要问题准据法所属国的冲突规范将会适用不同的法律，得出不同的结果，从而使主要问题的判决也不同。
二，法律规避When the parties artificially change the mobile connecting factors in order to evade the law which is rendered applicable to their legal relationship by the appropriate choice-of-law rule, we have the case of fraud (evasion of law).By fraudulent selection of law, the parties seek to gain individual advantage: either to avoid the undesirableconsequences of their legal relationship or to produce a favorable legal effect.涉外民商事法律关系的当事人，为逃避原应对其适用的某一国法律，故意改变冲突规范连接点的具体事实，使对其有利的另一国法得以适用的行为。
国际私法
1.国际私法international private law：国际私法是以涉外民事关系（civil and commercial legal relations involving foreign elements）为调整对象，以解决法律冲突为中心任务，以冲突规范为最基本的规范，同时包括规定外国人民事法律地位的规范、避免或消除法律冲突的统一实体规范以及国际民事诉讼与仲裁程序规范在内的一个独立的法律部门。
2.法律冲突：指两个或两个以上的不同法律同时调整一个相同的法律关系而在这些法律之间产生矛盾的社会现象。
3.冲突规范conflict rules：指处理涉外民事关系时，在有两个或两个以上的国家的民法根据有关的连结因素都可能或竞相适用于该民事关系的情况下，制定应该适用其中哪一国法律作为准据法的规范。
4.连结点connecting points；point of contact：冲突规范就范围中所要解决的问题指定应适用何国法律所依据的一种事实因素（国籍、住所、惯常居住地、缔约地、履行地、侵权行为地、婚姻举行地、遗嘱作成地、物之所在地）5.系属公式(formula of attribution)：就是把一些解决法律冲突的规则固定化，使它成为国际上公认的或为大多数国家所采用的处理原则，以便解决同类性质的法律关系的法律适用问题。
6.准据法表述公式：属人法、物之所在地、行为地法、法院地法、旗国法、当事人合意选择的法律和与案件或当事人有密切联系的国家的法律。
7.识别：指依据一定的法律观点或法律概念，对有关事实的性质作出：“定性”或“分类”，把它归入特定的法律范畴，从而确定应援引哪一冲突规范的法律认识过程。
8.反致remission：指对于某一涉外民事关系，甲国（法院国）根据本国的冲突规范指引乙国的法律做准据法时，认为应包括乙国的冲突规范，而乙国冲突规范的规定却应适用甲国的实体法作准据法，结果甲国法院根据本国的实体法判决案件的制度。
国际私法。英文材料
国际私法。
英文材料第一章The Conflicts Case（必读）Many legal disputes are purely local. For instance: whether the contractor has or has not substantially performed when the location of an interior wall was off by six inches will usually be decided by local courts and according to local contract law.Increasingly, however, disputes will have a "foreign element." In conflicts law, "foreign" does not necessarily mean the same as " foreign country." Instead, "foreign" is everything which is not local. Thus, for instance, "foreign" parties are parties from another state of the United States or from a foreign country. Similarly, a "foreign" transaction is one which took place outside the local state. For instance, a product manufactured in another state or country may cause injury locally: the victim would like to sue to locally rather than have to travel where the defendant tortfeasor is. Also, the victim would like, if possible, to have the court apply local law (for instance, because it provides for strict liability). Assume that the victim does recover in his or her home state but that the foreign (out-of-state) defendant owns no property there: the judgment creditor will therefore now have to seek recognition and enforcement of the judgment in the defendant's home state (or in another state where there are assets belonging to the defendant).Conflicts Law thus has an ordering function: When the case is connected with more than one legal system-when it is an interstate or international case--, conflicts law decides who has the power to decide the case, according to whose law the case should be decided, and what the effect is elsewhere of theresulting judgment.As a general rule, American conflicts law does not differentiate between interstate and international cases: the same rule with respect to jurisdiction, choice of law, and the recognition of judgments apply to both.Exceptions:1) In jurisdiction, the international nature of a case may make litigation in an American court inappropriate.2) The Full Faith and Credit Clause does not apply to foreign country judgments, but most states accord those judgments the same recognition as they would to sister-state judgments.3) The United States has entered into a number of trarties which apply to international case only. Examples: International Sales Convention; Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction; Service of Documents; Taking of Evidence Abroad.Concept and types of the conflict rule（必读）The norms indirectly regulating facts of private international law form a special group of statutory provisions called conflict rules. On a broader plane a conflict rule is understood to mean a norm regulating any conflict of law, to wit, determining which of several relevant rules is to be actually applied.Conflict cases may be international, when the choice is between the laws of several sovereign States; the norms resolving such conflicts are called conflict rules of the international type.Conflicts may also arise between differing laws of non-sovereign parts of a sovereign State.Bartolus and Statutists（必读）Bartolus's method of resolving conflicts was based on a simplistic classification of local laws (statute) into two categories: real or personal. Real statutes were those that operated onlywithin the territory of the enacting state but not beyond. In contrast, personal statutes operated beyond the territory of the enacting state and bound all persons that owed allegiance to it. Bartolus thought that this classification could resolve all potential conflicts because all statutes, both domestic and foreign, belonged to either the one or the other category, leaving neither gaps and doubts.Indirect and Direct Regulations（必读）Legal development has evolved two methods of dealing with facts of private international law - indirect and direct regulation. Both are applied side by side. Distinction is made between them according to the adopted approach, the way of regulating facts.Indirect regulation is spoken of when a fact of private international law is regulated in two phases, with the help of rules established on two planes: (a) The rules related to the selection of the legal systems that may be taken into consideration, and to the choice of the applicable law, determining which of the competing systems of law is to be looked to for arriving at the decision of a concrete case. Accordingly the function of the first-plane rules is to resolve the conflict of competing legal systems, to give a guide to the applicable law, to refer to the norms governing the case. The remitting rules are therefore called conflict rules, which designate nothing but the applicable system of law, neither determining the substance of private international cases nor providing any guidance as to the rights and duties of the subjects of a particular legal relationship. (b) The rules designed for the actual solution of a given relationship are found in indirect regulation and are called positive rules as contrasted with conflict rules. They serve to determine the rights and obligations of the subjects of the legal relationship involved.The indirect regulation of private international law facts consists in selecting the applicable law according to the conflict rule on the hand and in regulating the particular legal relation according to the positive rules of the applicable law, on the other.Direct regulation means that the legal norms are directly applied, as in the case of domestic facts with on foreign connection to the solution of the legal relationship on its merits, determining the rights and obligations of the parties. There is no intermediate phase of regulation, nor is one necessary, and there is no selection and designation of the applicable law. Thus the norms of direct regulation bear remitting character, are not conflict rules, but ones directly establishing the legal effects of private international law cases.The international character of these cases (their links with two or more legal systems) implies that the direct regulation of such legal relationship is only possible through common or uniform legislation by the States (two or more states) concerned, primarily by means of international (bilateral of multilateral) agreements. Confronted with such cases, the States involved try to accommodate their economic interest, moral values, legal traditions, etc. and to resolve, by a common act legislation, the conflict between their legal system is particular area. "Substance" VS. "Procedure"If the forum determined that reference should be made to a foreign law, the traditional rule provides that such reference need only to be to " substantive" matters. The law of the forum will govern all "procedural" matters. And the determination of what is "substance" and what is "procedure" is made by the forum according to its own standards.The purpose of distinguishing between " substance" and "procedure" is to "draw the line" on what。
presumptive rules 国际私法
一、什么是presumptive rulespresumptive rules是指在国际私法中，对法律关系所适用的一种推定规则。
当涉及跨国法律关系时，由于不同国家法律体系的差异，常常会出现法律适用的难题。
presumptive rules就是为了解决这种难题而产生的。
二、presumptive rules的分类根据国际私法的相关理论和实践，presumptive rules可以分为两类：选择规则和冲突规则。
1. 选择规则选择规则是指当涉及多个国家法律体系时，当事人可以根据其意愿选择适用哪个国家的法律。
选择规则主要体现了当事人的自主意愿和法律责任。
在选择规则下，当事人可以根据其交易、居住、国籍或其他因素选择适用哪个国家的法律，以满足其合法权益和合法责任。
选择规则为当事人提供了灵活的法律适用方式，避免了法律适用的歧义和争议。
2. 冲突规则冲突规则是指当涉及多个国家的法律体系时，没有明确选择规则或当事人没有选择适用哪个国家的法律时，法律适用的标准将依据冲突规则来确定。
冲突规则主要是利益平衡和国际公平的原则，以保障当事人的合法权益和合法责任。
冲突规则注重不同国家法律体系之间的衔接和补充，以确保法律适用的合理性和公正性。
冲突规则在国际私法领域发挥着重要作用，为跨国法律关系的适用提供了有力的依据和保障。
三、presumptive rules的适用原则1. 自主意愿原则在国际私法中，自主意愿原则是presumptive rules适用的基本原则之一。
当事人有权根据其自主意愿选择适用哪个国家的法律，以实现其合法权益和合法责任。
自主意愿原则体现了国际私法的民事自治和合同自由原则，注重当事人的自主意愿和合法权益，为法律适用提供了必要的依据和支撑。
2. 利益平衡原则利益平衡原则是presumptive rules适用的重要原则之一。
当涉及多个国家的法律体系时，需要利益平衡原则来确定法律适用的标准和原则，以维护当事人的合法权益和合法责任。
PIL国际私法相关英文法条
人的身份和能力Status and CapacityThe courts of the PRC shall also have jurisdiction over an action arising from the status and capacity of a natural person, if the defendant does not live within the territory of the PRC whereas the domicile or the habitual residence of the plaintiff is situated within the territory of the PRC.对因自然人的身份和能力提起的诉讼，如被告不在中华人民共和国境内居住而原告在中华人民共和国境内有住所或者惯常居所的，中华人民共和国法院享有管辖权。
Capacity for Rights of Natural PersonA natural person’s capacity for rights is governed by the law of his domicile or habitual residence.自然人的权利能力，适用其其住所地法或者惯常居所地法。
Declaration of Disappearance or DeathThe courts of the PRC shall have jurisdiction over an application for a declaration of disappearance or a declaration of death, if the domicile or the habitual residence of the applicant is situated within the territory of the PRC.对宣告失踪、宣告死亡申请，如申请人的住所地或者惯常居所地位于中华人民共和国境内，中华人民共和国法院享有管辖权。
国际私法翻译
1.Private international law is adjusted foreign civil law relations. The so-called foreign-related civil legal relations refers to the principal, object and the rights and obligations according to the legal facts occurred in at least one or more factors associated with foreign civil legal relationships.2.First, with one or more foreign-related factors: (1) one or both of the principal foreign natural persons, legal persons or stateless persons, or foreign countries. (2) legal relationship with the object of foreign-related factors. (3) have a civil relationship, or change the fact that eradication occurred in a foreign country.Secondly, the existence of legal conflicts. Conflict of laws known as "inconsistent with the law" means two or more different laws at the same time are available for adjustment of the legal relationships.Thirdly, here's civil legal relations in a broad sense. It includes not only the civil legal relationships, such as property rights, creditor's rights, intellectual property rights, marriage and family relations and inheritance relations, but also for business relations, such as the Company Law, Law of Bills, maritime law, insurance law and insolvency law relations, but also in labor relations.3.International practice is in international exchanges evolving unwritten laws and regulations, it can only after international recognition binding. In private international law, this practice has two forms: one is not required to comply with the parties choice but to the practice whereby the mandatory practice; The other is only after the parties choose only their binding practice whereby the arbitrary practices. Private international law is the majority of the international practice of such arbitrary practices.1.国际私法是用来调整涉外民事法律关系的。
国际私法英文名词解释
1、actions in personal：对人诉讼。
只要有关案件的被告在诉讼开始时在内国境内且能有效地将传票送达给被告，内国法院就有权对案件行使管辖权，而不管被告具有何国国籍，其住所或贯常居所处在何国境内，也不问有关案件在哪国发生。
对法人只要该法人在内国有商业活动。
2、actions in rem：对物诉讼。
以物（财产）为诉讼对象，他不像对人诉讼那样要求法院加给被告人以责任和义务，而是要求法院确定某项财产的所有权或其他权利，这种诉讼判决的效力及于第三人。
在这种诉讼中，法院可能对被告没有管辖权，他对某物有管辖权，即在送达诉讼文书时，该物在管辖区内。
3、attribution：系属formula of attribution：系属公式，使冲突规范的系属公式化，成为固定的系属，用于解决同类性质的涉外民事关系的法律适用问题。
这种公式化，固定化的系属就叫系属公式。
4、autonomy of will; autonomie de le volonte：意思自治原则，杜摩林，选法时当事人自己做出选择，提倡法律统一。
5、characteristic performance：特征性履行。
瑞士吉施尼策尔。
双务合同中，交付货物或提供劳动等给付是特征性给付。
决定合同的准据法应依特征性履行为准。
但决定合同的准据法不应以特征性给付的履行地为准，而以负担特征性履行给付义务的当事人的住所地或惯常地为准。
6、comitas gentium：国际礼让说，荷兰胡伯，解决法律冲突三原则，1、绝对效力，仅限于主权范围内；2、境内人适用；3、对在外国已取得的权利给予尊重。
7、commissioner：特派员取证。
法院在审理涉外民商事案件时委派专门人员去外国境内提取证据的行为。
8、冲突规范的种类：（1）unilateral conflict rules：单边冲突规范。
直接指定适用某国法律。
（2）bilateral conflict rules：双边冲突规范。
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ADR解决方法 Alternative Dispute Resolution
不歧视待遇 non-discriminate treatment
承认与执行外国法院判决 recognition and enforcement of foreign
judgments
程序规范 procedure rules
重叠适用的冲突规范 double conflict rules
冲突法 the conflict of laws
冲突规范 conflict rules
单边冲突规范 unilateral conflict rules
定性 qualification
法律规避 evasion of law
法律适用规范 rules of application of law
法律选择规范 choice-of-law rules
法人 legal person
法人的国籍 nationality of legal person
法人的住所 domicile of legal person
法院地法 lex fori
法则区别说 Statutist Theory
公共秩序保留 reservation of public order 国际礼让说C o m i t y T h e o r y
国际民事诉讼程序 international civil litigation 国际民事诉讼法 International Civil Procedure Law 国际商事仲裁 international commercial arbitration 国际私法 Private International Law
国际私法规范 rules of private international law 国家豁免 state immunity
合同缔结地法 lex loci contractus
婚姻举行地法 lex loci celebrationis
连结点 point of contact
连结对象 object of connection
连结因素 connecting factor
侵权行为地法 law of the place of wrong
区际法律冲突 inter-regional conflict of laws 人际法律冲突 Inter-personal conflict of laws
属人法 lex personalis
双边冲突规范 bilateral conflict rules
外国法内容的查明a s c e r t a i n m e n t o f f o r e i g n l a w 物之所在地法 lex rei sitae; lex situs
系属公式 formula
选择适用的冲突规范 alternative conflict rules
准据法a p p l i c a b l e l a w,l e x c a u s a e 最密切联系地法 law of the place of the most significant relationship 最密切联系原则 the Most Closest Connect Doctrine。