英汉翻译电子教案1
英汉翻译课程教案.docx
《英汉翻译》课程教案•课程编号: •周课时: •总课时: •学分: •考试方式: •教材: •参考书: BZB032232342分考查新编英汉翻译教程孙致礼编英汉翻译教程张培基编实用翻译教程冯庆华编ContentsChapter 1 What Is Translation (1)Chapter 2 The Process of Translation (15)Chapter 3 The linguistic Approach toTranslation (25)Chapter 4 Conversion (35)Chapter 5 The importance of diction (43)Chapter 6 Translation concerning negation (48)Chapter 7 Ampliflcation (53)Chapter 8 Repetition (58)Chapter 9 Changes of sentence parts (62)Chapter 10 Translation of attributive clause (66)Chapter 11 Translation of Long Sentences (69)Chapter 12外位语结构在英译汉中的应用 (73)Chapter 13 Translation of Passive Voice (77)Chapter 14 Translation of figures of speech (83)Chapter 15 Translation of idioms (87)Chapter 1 What Is TranslationAims: To understand the basic principles of translation and translation studiesKey points: the nature of translation, definition of translationDifficulties: the nature of translation, history of translationTeaching procedures1.The nature of translation•Translation is of great importance in learning a foreign language. Many of those who learn English will be English Chinese translators in the future. There are many translation theories and techniques for you too learn .•Without knowing the theories and the techniques one will most likely take a roundabout course in translation work. That's why it is necessary for you to have a good command of both the source language and the target language, and of the theories and the techniques in translation.•What is translation?Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language.or : Translation is an activity of reproducing in one language the ideas which have been expressed in another language.（翻译是把一种语言所表达的思想用另一种语言重新表达出來的活动）•Eugene Nida, famous American translation theorist, defined translation as: Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language messages, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.•翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体…首先是就意义而言，其次是就其风格而言.Eugene Nida^s photo •In addition to the definitions mentioned above, various definitionshave been given to translation. Now Fd like to cite some of them:•Translation is a science ••Translation is an art.•Translation is a craft.•Translation is a skill.•Translation is an operation .•Translation is a language activity .•Translation is a communication.•Among these definitions the first two are most important for they represent two schools ■一the school of science and the school of art. The former maintains that translating should reproduce the message of the original by means of the transformation of linguistic equivalence. It puts stress on the study of description of the process of translation, and the structures and the forms of the language so as to reveal the objective laws inherent in translation. The latter advocates recreating a literary work by using expressions of another language • It emphasizes on the effect of translation.1) Translation is a science•We say translation is a science, because it has its own laws and methods. Take the translation between English and Chinese for example, if we want to translate well, we must be entirely familiar with the content of the original and all the knowledge it concerns. In addition we should have a comparatively comprehensive and thorough study of English and Chinese so that we may do our work with high proficiency.•English and Chinese are two entirely different languages. Each has an individual and distinct system. On the other hand, there are lots of differences between them both in morphology and in syntax. Because of this , we have to know both languages well, especially with the wide difference in vocabulary , grammatical relations，and sentence structure .•Now we may well conclude that translation is indeed a science with its peculiar laws and methods，a science related to lexicology .grammar, rhetoric and other branches of linguistics.2) Translation is an arte Lin Yutang was once a representative. In his essay On Translation he declares that translation is an art whose success depends on one^s artistic talent and enough training.Besides these, there no set rules for translation and there is no short cut for art.•From the examples mentioned above we can see that translation is an art, a brilliant art. Like painting, enables us to reproduce the fine thought of somebody, not in colors, but in words, in the words of a different language< It demands a broad and profound knowledge. •In other words , a translator should have an understanding of literature and art, rhetoric and aesthetics; otherwise, he can hardly accomplish the task of reproduction of the original.•In accordance with what we have discussed in the above, now we can come to the following conclusion:•Translation depends on the artistic level and the technique of the translato匸Whoever has a good command of translation both in theory and technique can offer satisfactory translations Jt is because ,as pointed out in this lecture , translation is not only a science with its own laws and methods but also an art of reproduction and recreation.2.Aim of foreign language learning and the importance of translation(1) What is the objects of a foreign language? Learning a foreign language is not easy but it is worthwhile. It enables you to read foreign scientific and technical literature, and that might be useful. It makes you enable to read some of the worlds best writers in their own language, and this is a great pleasure. But the most important thing is that it gives you a better understanding of your own language.(2) Translation is of great value to foreign language learners. It is very important to the development of our nation • Translation keeps you informed of the international situation ; translation enhances our competitive power in the international market ; translation serves as instrument of propagating traditional culture . Translation is for inter-lingual communication, bridges the gulf between different-tongue speakers，and reproduces and spreads the message in the original language. Translation permits knowledge to be transmitted to different corners of the world and to succeeding generations.•Translation gives information, reveals feelings, and affect people's thought or behavio匚Through translation, we can draw on the advanced experience and achievement in the fieldof science and technology of foreign countries. Without translation, the worldwide civilization would not be possible.•Today, translation plays an increasingly important role in our country's economic reform and opening to the world • More and more people of financial and business circles from all parts of the world come to our country and take part in joint ventures, cooperative enterprises, sole foreign-invested enterprises, and various other economic, trade and technological cooperation. This situation results in the great need of translators, English Chinese translators in particular. Translation promotes mutual understanding between Chinese and foreigners, contributes to the speeding up of our country's modernization and thus is absolutely necessary in the development of our market economy.3.Prerequisites for a translator•(1) In order to achieve genuine competence in translation, a translator must bear in mind that translation means honest, solid knowledge, and that genuine knowledge comes from practice. As translation is work that involves at least two languages ■一the first language and the second language . Therefore, to know both language fairly well is one of the prerequisites for translation.•e.g. You are telling me • (slang: I know that very well /1 knew that long ago-) 我早矢口道了. /还用你告诉我！工你正在告诉我.e.g. Now you are talking . (informal: at last you are saying something agreeable.)你到底说了合我意的话了/你这样说才合我的意思.定现在你正在谈话.•e.g. Henry Kissinger has slept there before, in July and again in Octobe匚这之前亨利基辛格在7月和1 0月两度在这里下榻.(不译为：睡觉)•陈先生乃中国学界泰斗.•Me Chen, our respected teacher , is a renowned master in the academic circles of China. •e.g.你要有所收获，则必须在学习中不断深入.•If you want to gain anything，you must constantly deepen your studies.•(2) Besides a good knowledge of both the SL and the TL, a translator should do a lot of reading, listening, and speaking. He has to experience the many ways in which the English is spoken and written by native speakers. And to be constantly exposed to English spoken and written by native speakers is considered to be a very important part of practice .without which a Chinese learner of English can't expect to acquire competence in understanding and production as far as the English language is concerned・•(3) Furthermore, acquaintance with the subject matter covered in the book or article is also an indispensable factor in doing translation work well. For instance : If you are going to translate some technological data on remote sensing of the earth by man-made satellites, you have to learn to acquire some basic knowledge of the relevant aspect of space science and technology , otherwise , you will run the risk of making mistakes in the subject matter imperceptibly. So you should have a wide background knowledge ••E.g. The Security Counci l has been seized of the question since then.安理会自那以來就一直受理这个问题。
英汉翻译实用教程教案
英汉翻译实用教程教案第一章：翻译概述1.1 翻译的定义与历史介绍翻译的定义和作用简述翻译的历史发展1.2 翻译的类型与标准介绍不同类型的翻译（如直译、意译、同声翻译等）讨论翻译的标准（如准确性、流畅性、忠实性等）1.3 翻译的过程与方法介绍翻译的基本过程（如理解原文、表达译文等）探讨有效的翻译方法与技巧第二章：词汇翻译2.1 词汇的选择与转换讲解词汇翻译的基本原则探讨如何在翻译过程中选择合适的词汇2.2 专业术语与行业用语的翻译介绍专业术语和行业用语的特点讲解如何准确翻译专业术语和行业用语2.3 词义辨析与词性转换讲解词义辨析的重要性探讨如何在翻译过程中进行词性转换第三章：句子翻译3.1 句型结构与句子成分讲解英语和汉语句型结构的差异探讨如何在翻译过程中保持句子成分的平衡3.2 语法调整与句子重构讲解语法调整的重要性探讨如何在翻译过程中进行句子重构3.3 意译与直译的运用讲解意译和直译的区别与适用场景探讨如何在翻译过程中灵活运用意译和直译第四章：段落与文章翻译4.1 段落结构与主题句的翻译讲解段落结构的重要性探讨如何翻译段落主题句4.2 逻辑与连贯性的保持讲解翻译过程中逻辑和连贯性的重要性探讨如何保持原文的逻辑和连贯性4.3 文章风格与翻译策略讲解不同文章风格的特征探讨如何根据文章风格选择合适的翻译策略第五章：文化差异与翻译5.1 文化背景与翻译讲解文化背景对翻译的影响探讨如何在翻译过程中考虑文化背景5.2 文化词汇与翻译讲解文化词汇的特点和翻译难点探讨如何准确翻译文化词汇5.3 跨文化交流与翻译实践讲解跨文化交流的重要性探讨如何在翻译实践中应对跨文化交流的挑战第六章：翻译技巧与策略6.1 翻译中的直译与意译深入探讨直译与意译的定义和应用场景分析直译与意译在实际翻译案例中的运用6.2 翻译中的归化与异化讲解归化与异化的概念和作用探讨如何在翻译过程中运用归化和异化策略6.3 翻译中的补偿与调整分析翻译中补偿与调整的必要性和方法通过实例展示补偿与调整在翻译中的应用第七章：文学翻译7.1 文学翻译的基本原则探讨文学翻译的特殊性和原则分析文学翻译中应注重的方面7.2 诗歌、小说、戏剧等文体的翻译深入讲解不同文学文体的翻译特点和技巧通过实例分析不同文学文体的翻译方法7.3 文学翻译案例分析分析具体文学作品的翻译案例讨论文学翻译中的难点和解决策略第八章：商务翻译8.1 商务翻译的基本要求讲解商务翻译的特点和基本要求分析商务翻译中应注重的方面8.2 商务合同、广告、报告等文体的翻译深入讲解不同商务文体的翻译特点和技巧通过实例分析不同商务文体的翻译方法8.3 商务翻译案例分析分析具体商务材料的翻译案例讨论商务翻译中的难点和解决策略第九章：口译技巧与实践9.1 口译的基本类型与技巧讲解同声传译、交替传译等口译类型的特点探讨口译过程中的技巧和策略9.2 口译中的听力理解与信息处理分析听力理解在口译中的重要性讲解如何提高口译中的信息处理能力9.3 口译实践案例分析提供口译实践案例，进行分析和讨论指导如何应对口译中的挑战和困难第十章：翻译软件与工具的使用10.1 翻译软件的种类与功能介绍市面上的主要翻译软件及其功能分析翻译软件的优缺点和使用场景10.2 翻译辅助工具的使用讲解翻译辅助工具（如在线词典、术语管理工具等）的运用探讨如何提高翻译效率和质量10.3 翻译软件与人工翻译的结合讨论翻译软件与人工翻译的结合方式分析如何利用翻译软件辅助人工翻译工作重点和难点解析6.1 直译与意译的界定和应用场景是教学中的重点和难点。
实用英汉翻译教案(第一)
1. 翻译的定义1) To render in another language. --American Heritage Dictionary转换成另一种语言。
--《韦氏大词典》2) “Translation is the expression in one language (or target language 译入语) of what has been expressed in another language (source language 原语), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences.”–Dubois3) “把一种语言的文字用另一种语言表达出来”--《辞海》、《现代汉语词典》翻译是许多语言活动中的一种，它是用一种语言形式把另一种语言形式里的内容重新表现出来的语言实践活动。
这一活动分为口头和书面两种形式，有时在不同的语言之间进行，有时在同一国家的不同民族和地区之间进行，这种实践活动更多的应用于前者。
2. 翻译的目的翻译作为一门课程，其目的就是在掌握汉语和英语这两种语言的基础上，结合不断的翻译实践，学习翻译的各种技巧，提高翻译水平。
翻译是较高层次的一门课程，其主要对象为英汉两种语言都达到了相当水平的学生和自学者。
因此通过翻译，对已掌握的听说读写的能力可以进行一次全方位的检验，找出漏洞，弥补不足，并使这些能力在应用中得到巩固和提高。
学习英语的主要目的是搞翻译，而翻译又可以反过来进一步促进学习。
3. 翻译的历史1）Translation in BibleOn the history of translation there is a central paradigm in the western countries. That is the history of translation in the Bible, the most translated book in the world.Now the whole earth had one language and few words. And as men migrated from the east, they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there…Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves, lest (otherwise) we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.”And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the sons of men had built. And the Lord said, “Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; and nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.”So the lord scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city. Therefore its name was called Babel, because there the Lord confused the language of all the earth; and from there the Lord scattered them abroad over the face of the earth.上帝造人之后，赐福于人，人们安居乐业。
汉英翻译(上)教案
汉英翻译(上)教案一、教学目标1. 让学生掌握基本的汉英翻译技巧和方法。
2. 提高学生的汉英表达能力，使他们在日常生活中能够熟练地使用英语进行交流。
3. 增进学生对中华文化的了解，提升他们的跨文化交际能力。
二、教学内容1. 翻译的基本概念和原则2. 词义翻译3. 句子结构翻译4. 表达习惯翻译5. 文化背景知识翻译三、教学方法1. 讲授法：讲解翻译的基本概念、原则和方法。
2. 案例分析法：分析具体汉英翻译案例，让学生深入理解翻译技巧。
3. 小组讨论法：分组讨论翻译问题，培养学生的合作意识和交际能力。
4. 实践法：让学生进行汉英翻译实践，提高实际操作能力。
四、教学步骤1. 导入：介绍汉英翻译的基本概念和原则。
2. 讲解：讲解词义翻译、句子结构翻译、表达习惯翻译和文化背景知识翻译的方法和技巧。
3. 案例分析：分析具体汉英翻译案例，让学生深入理解翻译技巧。
4. 小组讨论：分组讨论翻译问题，培养学生的合作意识和交际能力。
5. 实践：让学生进行汉英翻译实践，提高实际操作能力。
五、教学评估1. 课堂参与度：观察学生在课堂上的发言和讨论情况，评估他们的学习积极性。
2. 翻译实践：评估学生的汉英翻译作品，检查他们的翻译水平和应用能力。
3. 课后作业：布置相关汉英翻译作业，检查学生的学习效果。
4. 小组讨论：评估学生在小组讨论中的表现，检查他们的合作意识和交际能力。
六、教学资源1. 教材：选用权威的汉英翻译教材，如《汉英翻译教程》、《现代汉英翻译》等。
2. 案例资料：收集各类汉英翻译案例，包括文学、影视、新闻、广告等不同领域的翻译实例。
3. 网络资源：利用互联网资源，如翻译论坛、专业博客、在线课程等，为学生提供丰富的学习资料。
4. 辅助工具：提供翻译软件和在线词典等辅助工具，帮助学生提高翻译效率。
七、教学环境2. 网络环境：确保教室网络畅通，方便学生查阅在线资源和进行汉英翻译实践。
3. 设备设施：准备投影仪、计算机、音响等教学设备，以便进行多媒体教学。
八年级英译教案下册电子版
八年级英译教案下册电子版教案标题：八年级英译教案下册电子版教案目标：1. 通过学习本教案，学生将能够理解并运用英语翻译的基本原则和技巧。
2. 学生将能够翻译一些简单的英文句子和短文。
3. 学生将能够运用电子工具辅助英语翻译的学习和实践。
教学重点：1. 掌握英语翻译的基本原则和技巧。
2. 学会运用电子工具进行英语翻译。
教学难点：1. 理解并运用英语翻译的基本原则和技巧。
2. 熟练运用电子工具进行英语翻译。
教学准备：1. 电脑、投影仪和音响设备。
2. 电子词典和翻译软件。
3. 课本和练习册。
教学过程：Step 1：导入1. 利用投影仪展示一段英文短文，并向学生解释短文的大意。
2. 询问学生是否能够理解短文的内容，引导他们思考如何翻译这段短文。
Step 2：介绍英语翻译的基本原则和技巧1. 向学生介绍英语翻译的基本原则，如准确传达原文意思、保持语言风格一致等。
2. 向学生介绍英语翻译的技巧，如理解上下文、注意词义的多义性等。
Step 3：示范翻译1. 选择一些简单的英文句子，向学生示范如何进行翻译。
2. 解释翻译过程中的一些关键点和注意事项。
Step 4：学生练习1. 将学生分成小组，让他们互相练习翻译一些简单的英文句子。
2. 鼓励学生在翻译过程中互相讨论和交流，提供帮助和建议。
Step 5：引入电子工具1. 向学生介绍一些常用的电子工具，如电子词典和翻译软件。
2. 演示如何使用这些电子工具进行英语翻译，包括查找单词释义、翻译句子等。
Step 6：学生实践1. 让学生使用电子工具进行英语翻译的实践，例如翻译一篇简短的英文文章。
2. 监督学生的实践过程，提供必要的指导和帮助。
Step 7：总结和评价1. 总结本节课所学的英语翻译原则和技巧。
2. 对学生的表现进行评价，鼓励他们在以后的学习中继续努力。
教学延伸：1. 鼓励学生在课后继续使用电子工具进行英语翻译的练习。
2. 提供一些相关的阅读材料，让学生进行更多的翻译实践。
《英汉互译》教案与讲义
《英汉互译》教案与讲义第一章：英汉互译概述1.1 英汉互译的重要性1.2 英汉互译的基本原则1.3 英汉互译的难点与挑战1.4 英汉互译的技巧与策略第二章：词汇与短语的互译2.1 词汇的直译与意译2.2 词汇的借用与创新2.3 短语的固定搭配与转换2.4 专有名词与地名的一般译法第三章：句子的互译3.1 句型的转换3.2 语序的调整3.3 被动语态与主动语态的互译3.4 从句与并列句的互译第四章：时态与语态的互译4.1 一般现在时与一般过去时的互译4.2 进行时与完成时的互译4.3 主动语态与被动语态的互译4.4 虚拟语气与实际语气的互译第五章：文化与语境的理解5.1 文化背景知识的重要性5.2 语境的理解与运用5.3 语言习惯与表达方式的差异5.4 跨文化交流的技巧与策略第六章：翻译标准与原则6.1 翻译标准的历史演变6.2 忠实原则与达意原则6.3 等效翻译与功能翻译6.4 翻译中的创译与意译第七章：翻译技巧与策略（上）7.1 词义选择与词性转换7.2 修辞格的翻译7.3 成语与谚语的翻译7.4 诗歌与文学作品的语言特点与翻译第八章：翻译技巧与策略（下）8.1 幽默与讽刺的翻译8.2 商务与法律文本的翻译8.3 科技与医学文本的翻译8.4 翻译中的校对与润色第九章：实践案例分析9.1 英汉互译案例分析9.2 翻译错误分析与避免9.3 翻译实践与反馈9.4 翻译作品的评价与赏析第十章：翻译软件与辅助工具10.1 翻译软件的种类与功能10.2 翻译辅助工具的使用10.3 语料库与在线翻译资源10.4 在翻译领域的应用与展望重点和难点解析一、英汉互译概述难点解析：理解英汉两种语言的结构差异，如语序、句型、时态和语态的使用，以及文化背景和语境的理解。
二、词汇与短语的互译难点解析：不同语言中词汇的内涵和外延可能存在差异，需要根据语境进行适当的调整。
三、句子的互译难点解析：不同语言的句子结构差异，如主被动语态的转换，以及保持原意的调整语序。
英汉翻译教案
Chapter One Part One Definition of TranslationI Length of time: two hoursII Teaching aims: 1 familiarize Ss with the definition of translation;2 help Ss to master the classification of translation; 3 familiarize Ss with the history of translation in ChinaIII Main teaching points: definition of translation; classification of translation; history of translation in ChinaIV Teaching procedure:1 Definition1.1 Translation in broad sense: Translation of basic information between language and language, language variety and language variety as well as language and non-language code.(eg: a. from English to Chinese or vice versa; b. from Cantonese to Putonghua or standard Chinese; from ancient Chinese to contemporary Chinese; c. from traffic sign to traffic regulations)1.2 Translation in narrow sensea.change of language宋僧法云：“夫翻译者，谓翻梵天之语，转为汉地之言。
汉英翻译(上)教案
汉英翻译(上)教案一、教学目标1. 让学生掌握基本的汉英翻译技巧和方法。
2. 提高学生的汉英翻译能力，使他们在日常生活和工作中能够进行基本的汉英翻译。
3. 培养学生对翻译工作的兴趣和热情。
二、教学内容1. 翻译的基本概念和原则。
2. 汉英翻译的基本技巧和方法。
3. 汉英翻译中的常见问题和解决方法。
4. 翻译实践：各类文体的汉英翻译。
5. 翻译案例分析。
三、教学方法1. 讲授法：讲解翻译的基本概念、原则、技巧和方法。
2. 实践法：翻译实践和案例分析。
3. 互动法：学生提问、教师解答，学生之间的讨论和交流。
四、教学准备1. 教材：汉英翻译教材或相关资料。
2. 投影仪：用于展示翻译案例和进行分析。
3. 练习册：用于学生课后练习和巩固所学知识。
五、教学过程1. 导入：简要介绍翻译的基本概念和原则，引发学生对翻译的兴趣。
2. 新课内容：讲解汉英翻译的基本技巧和方法，结合实际案例进行分析。
3. 翻译实践：让学生进行各类文体的汉英翻译练习，教师进行指导和点评。
4. 案例分析：分析典型的汉英翻译案例，讲解其中的翻译策略和技巧。
5. 课堂讨论：学生提问、教师解答，学生之间进行讨论和交流。
6. 课后作业：布置翻译练习，让学生课后巩固所学知识。
六、教学评估1. 平时成绩：观察学生在课堂上的参与程度、提问和回答问题的表现，以及课后作业的完成情况，给予相应的平时成绩。
2. 期中考试：设置期中考试，测试学生的汉英翻译能力，包括理论知识和实践应用。
3. 期末考试：进行期末考试，全面考核学生的汉英翻译水平，包括翻译理论和实践操作。
七、教学反思1. 教师应定期进行教学反思，总结教学过程中的优点和不足，不断改进教学方法和策略。
2. 关注学生的学习反馈，及时调整教学内容和方法，以满足学生的学习需求。
3. 积极参加教研活动，与其他教师交流教学经验，提升自身教学水平。
八、教学拓展1. 组织学生参加汉英翻译比赛或活动，提高他们的翻译能力和竞争意识。
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如果他不搞恶作剧，他是一个讨人喜欢的小伙子。
3.The managementinstituted(建立) a system of consultation with the staff so that any grievances might be aired（宣扬）.
除非你突然亲眼目睹体弱多病之苦，不然，你不会认识到有一个健康的身体是何等有幸。
9.The amount which is brought in by the rents of those few cottages is almost negligible when income tax and the cost of repairs are deducted.
The magistratebrushed asidethe suggestion that the policeman might have been mistaken about the speed at which the car was going.
有人提出可能是警察高错了那辆轿车的行驶速度，法官对此没有理会。
不管她走到哪里，随从和佣人都是前呼后拥。
7.The director of the operation called his team together so that he couldbriefthem.
行动计划主任把手下集合起来，以便简单介绍一下情况。
8.You never realize how fortunate you are to have good health until it is suddenly brought home to you by the sight of suffering.
扣除收入所得税和房屋修缮费，这几间小别墅的租金收入几乎是微不足道。
10.He was strolling aimlessly along the street, when hewas suddenly brought upby a notice in a shop window.
他在大街上毫无目的地漫步时，突然被商店橱窗上的一则告示吸引住了。
2.2.按源出语和目的语，可分为语际翻译、语内翻译和符际翻译。
3.3.按翻译题材，可分为政论翻译、应用文翻译、科技翻译、文学翻译等。
按4.按照穆雷教授的分法，翻译可以分为一下几类：
1. 5.按翻译主体的性质来分：人工翻译、机器翻译
2.6.按工作方式来分：口译、笔译
3.7.按翻译的材料来分：文学翻译（包括诗歌、小说、戏剧等文学作品）和实用翻译（包括科技、商务、新闻、法律等自来哦的翻译）
17.After I had told my story, someone else capped it with one thatset the table in a roar.
我讲了一个故事，接着，另外一个人将来一个更盖帽的，引得哄堂大笑。
18.He will end in the bankruptcy courtat the ratehe is carrying on.
二、请将下列各句译成汉语：
1. Half the price money he spent, and the rest was laid aside fora rainy day.
他先花掉奖金的一半，另一半留待困难之时。
2.The Opposition speaker accused the British Government ofleading the country up the garden pathon the question of civil defence.
i)神似。
j)钱钟书：文学翻译的最高理想可以说是“化），把作品从一国文字转
k)变成另一国文字，既不能因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，
l)又能完全保存原作的风味，那就算得入与“化境”。
m)辜正坤：翻译标准多元互补论：（1）翻译的标准是多元的而非一元的；
n)（2）翻译的标准既是多元的，又是一个有机的然而变动不居的标准
现在是世界各国停止造核武器的时候了。
16.As soon as the proprietor’s（经营者）attention was called to the dangerous state of the staircase, he promised to have it repaired.
人们提醒房东注意楼梯的危险情况，房东即刻答应修一修。
管理部门建立了与职工协商的制度，不管有何不平，均可言明。
4.We didn’t take his expression of interest in our ideas too seriously, for we suspected he was merelyangling for praise.
尽管他说对我们的想法颇感兴趣，我们却不能当真，因为我们怀疑他仅仅是沽名钓誉。
14.Philip tried to get me interested in a scheme for producing a new synthetic fiber, but Iwasn’t buyingit.
菲利普力图使我对生产新合成纤维的计划产生兴趣，但是我未上他的当。
15.It is time the nations of the worldcalled a haltto the manufacture of nuclear weapons.
t)行对比，如果大体一致，就是质量上乘的译文。
u)泰勒（美国）翻译三原则：（1）要将原作的意思全部转移到译文上来；
v)（2）译文应具备原作的风格和文体；（3）译文和原作要同样的流畅。
w)国际译联的《翻译工作者章程》指出：“译文应忠实于原文，准确表
x)现原作的思想与形式。”
综上所述，忠实准确、通顺流畅和风格得体是所有标准的共核，三者的次
他吃尽了鲁莽的苦头，尽管我们告诫过他。他投进的钱几乎都陪上了。
13. He is the kind of person who will alwaysbutter upthose who he thinks can be of any use to him.
他是这样一种人，总是巴结他认为对自己有用的人。
汤普森夫妇不久前添置了一套新家具，现在又买了一辆新车，他们家的情况一定是好转起来了。
5.I might have got more for those shares if I had kept them a little longer, butI’ve made a profit on them.
那些股票若再晚一点卖掉，我或许赚得更多；不过，我还是赚了。
第一节翻译的性质
一、翻译的性质：翻译是一种语言活动过程，又是该活动的结果。翻译是通
二、过语言机制的转换或沟通自身文化和异国文化的桥梁；翻译是具有不同文
化背景的人互相交际、交流思想、达到互相理解的媒介。
总之，翻译是一种融理论、技能、艺术于一体的语言实践活动。
二、翻译的类型：（本教材）
1. 1.按翻译手段，可分为口译、笔译和机器翻译。
4.8.按处理的方式来分：全文翻译、摘译、编译、改译、综译
5.9.按翻译技巧来分：直译、意译、音译
6.10.按翻译原则方向来分：异化翻译、归化翻译
7.11.按翻译的目的来分：交际翻译、语义翻译
8.12.按翻译的效果来分：显性翻译、隐性翻译
第二节翻译的标准
名名家谈翻译的标准
a)严复：信、达、雅
b)鲁迅：宁信而不顺（直译）
课题
第一章翻译的性质，标准及要求
需2课时
教学目的要求
要求学生对我国翻译史有一个初步对了解；了解翻译对性质，标准和要求。
教学重点
翻译的月14日
教学内容与教学过程
提示与补充
Par Part One理论(Theory)
本本章重点：翻译的性质，标准和要求（45min.）
反对党发言人指责英国政府在民防问题上把国家引入歧途。
3.Let me catch those boys stealing my apples again, and I’llset the dog onthem.
如果让我再抓住那些偷苹果的孩子，我将放狗咬他们。
4.The Thompsons had a new suite of furniture not so long ago, and now they’ve got a new car;things must be looking up with them.
5.He wouldn’t have done it of his own will, but hewas argued into itby his wife.
若不是妻子说服了他，他是不会自愿做的。
6.Wherever she went shewas attended onby a large number of followers and servants.
照他这样下去，他终将出现在破产法庭上。
19.Roy, a college graduate, make it his mission to save the endangered owls and begins to team up with a number of young people with hands-on experience.罗伊是位大学毕业生。他以拯救濒危猫头鹰为使命，并为此开始与一批有实践经验的青年牵手。
o)系统。在这个系统中，最高标准是最佳近似度。最佳近似度是一个形
p)同虚构的抽象标准，真正有实际意义的是一大群具体标准；（3）具体