非谓语动词写作中地运用

非谓语动词

一、非谓语动词作状语

1．动词不定式作状语

①I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.(2013·山东高考)

由于感到累了，我就停下车稍微休息了一下。

②George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.(2012·山东高考)

乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。

③You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.

你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。

④This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(2012·辽宁高考)

这台机器很容易操作。在几分钟内任何人都能学会使用。

[规律总结]

(1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。

(2)only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。

(3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy, lucky, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased, fortunate, right等。

(4)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。

2．分词作状语

①One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.(2014·济南模拟)

一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他家。

②Having arrived early for his date, Mark spent time reading the newspaper.(2014·济宁一模)

因为约会到的早了些，马克读报纸来打发时间。

③Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.(2012·重庆高考)

我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。

④Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.

从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。

⑤Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.

从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。

[规律总结]

(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。

(2)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。

(3)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having doing)。

(4)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成时的被动形式(having been done)。

(5)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。

3．独立成分作状语

Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong.

从口音判断，他是香港人。

Considering your health, you'd better have a rest.

考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下。

[规律总结]

有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：

generally speaking 一般来说

frankly speaking 坦白地说

judging from/by ... 根据……来判断

considering .../taking ... into consideration

考虑到……

to tell you the truth 说实话

seeing ... 鉴于/由于……

supposing 假设，如果

assuming 假使

given 考虑到，鉴于

provided (that ...) 如果

二、非谓语动词作宾语

①She pretended not to see me when I passed by.

当我经过时，她假装没看见我。

②He got well­prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.

他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。

③I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(2010·上海高考)

在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。

④I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.

我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。