研究生翻译课讲义
研究生英语翻译讲义7
名词从句的译法1. 主语从句A. 以从属连词或连词代词位于句首的主语从句翻译时语序一般不变。
如：例1. That a man could live for so many years alone in the mountains is really something unthinkable.一个人能够单独在山里生活这么多年真是不可思议。
例2. That substances expand when heated and contract when cooled is a common physical phenomenon.例3. What the students find most difficult in a foreign language is its idiomatic usage.学生感到，一种外国语最困难的地方是它的习惯用法。
例4. What struck me most in this book was the author’s true-to-life description of the people’s life in that country.B. 以形式主语it引出的主语从句，翻译时有下述三种处理办法（1）如主语从句较短，可提前与主句合译为“是”字结构。
如：例1. It is dangerous that you have a smattering of superficial knowledge on a subject.对任何问题一知半解都是危险的。
例2. It is good news that our team has won the championship.（2）如主语从句较长，不宜与主句合译为汉语的“是”字结构，一般可译为并列分句或独立的句子，即现译从句，而在主句之前加“这”字译出。
如：例1. It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种大家共有的经验例2. It is common sense that a liquid has no definite shape, but it has a definite volume.例3. It was really a mystery to the neighbors that Mary, the ugly woman, could succeed in ordering about her husband, the strong-armed blacksmith, well known far and wide, and having him where she wanted him.玛丽这个丑女人把丈夫——远近闻名，胳膊粗力气大的铁匠——指使得滴溜溜转，让他往东他不敢往西，这对他们的邻居来说，简直是个谜。
考研英语翻译专项讲义(一)——翻译中的理解与表达(学生版)
考研英语翻译专项讲义（一）——翻译中的理解翻译的过程是正确理解原文和创造性地用另一种语言忠实再现原文的过程。
此过程大体可以分为理解，表达和审校三个阶段。
深入细致的理解是表达的必要前提和基础，也是翻译最为关键的因素，因为没有理解就谈不上确切的表达。
但表达反过来又会促进理解，进一步加深理解；此外，有时看似简单的原文，却难以用通顺的中文表达出来，更不用说结构复杂的长难句了，这就要求考生对中英文两种语言的特点以及英译汉表达的技巧有一定的了解。
一．词的理解英语单词往往具有一词多义和一词多性现象，不仅如此，在不同的上下文语境中，还会有灵活的引申或外延。
在一个特定的语境里，如要真正理解阅读材料的含义，就绝不能机械地套用词典或将词汇表所罗列的含义简单地逐词堆砌，一定要结合单词词性和具体语言环境加以灵活解读和理解。
否则，理解一定会偏离原文甚至与原文相悖，导致最终的译文生硬晦涩，词不达意。
纵观历年翻译题目，单词一般不会出现超纲现象，这就要求考生一定要对大纲中的词汇做到深度理解，灵活把握其在具体语境下的特殊含义，真正做到“活学活用”。
【例1】The most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense.【例2】They had a full exchange of views on a series of major questions and reached complete agreement on measures to be taken to safeguard peace.【例3】From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived from that principle is often a long, involved series of steps.【例4】The widely held assumption that grammar is no longer important for English study is wrong.【例5】In America, a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.【例6】By allowing limited hunting, good management can control certain species that threaten to overpopulate their habitat.【例7】Globalization is not just about increasing the worldwide circulation of information and ideas. Economically speaking, it entails transnational investment and international trade, thereby integration all countries into a single giant world market.【例8】In terms of culture, globalization itself is neither positive nor negative.二．句的理解语言是思维的载体，东西放任不同的思维方式就决定了英语和汉语是完全不同的两种表达体系。
考研英语翻译讲座第3讲
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• 7．修辞或连贯增词 • 1) This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. • 这部打字机真是价廉物美。 • 2) They build roads, houses, bridges, ships,
pipelines, and canals. • 他们修路、盖房、架桥、造船、铺管道、挖运河。 • 3) A scientist constantly tried to defeat his
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• 考题实例：But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.
• 肯尼亚的一位长跑选手赢得了波士顿42公里马拉 松赛冠军。
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• 6．重复性增词 • 1) Avoid using this computer in extreme cold, heat, dust
or humidity. • 不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过重、湿度过大的情况下使用此
energy into matter. • 物质可以转化为能量，能量也可以转化为物质。 • 2) In the evening, after the banquets, the
concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communique. • 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演 以后，他还得起草最后公报。
【翻译】考研英语翻译讲义
考研英语翻译讲义【词类活译】1.A well-dressed man ,who looked and talked like an American,got into the car. 译文：一个衣着讲究的人钻进了轿车，他的外表和谈吐都像是个美国人；【代词归位】代词所指的对象一般在前文找到，但是有些状语从句前置时，造成迷惑，指代的内容不在状语从句中，而是在后文；1.Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated,over-industrialized planet.When we come to think about it ,there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish :dump it ,burn it,turn it into so mething you can use again ,attempt to produce less of it译文：当我们开始考虑垃圾问题时，我们只有四种对付垃圾的方法：倾倒，焚烧，让其变成再生材料或努力减少垃圾；【语态转换】被动语态首先考虑译成主动语态，其次保留原文的被动形式，再次灵活处理；若存在动作的发出者，通常译成主动语态，对于不言自明的发出者可适当添加，也可译成无主句；1.By the end of the war ,about 1,000 children had been rescued by the organization 译文：截止到战争结束，这个组织拯救了大约1000名儿童；2.The child is to be told not to touch the piano 译文：我们应该告诉孩子不要碰钢琴；3.About that project ,much has said but little has been done译文：关于那项工程，说的多，做的少；也可译成“被......”，“遭到......（不好的事）”，“受到......（好的事）”，“由......”，“为......所......”，“把......”等【It is ...句式翻译】It is alleged that 据说...It is rumored that 据传...It is argued that 有人主张...It is to be discussed that 需要讨论的是...There is no agreement ...人们对此看法不一It is necessary that 有必要...It is true that 诚然...It is likely that 可能...It is a mystery that 让人不解的是...It is common knowledge that 常识是...It occurred to me that 我突然想起...【状语从句】状语从句一般前置到句首，有时前置到所修饰谓语动词的前面；但结果状语从句和伴随转语从句一般不前置翻译；1.He pushed open the door gently and crept out of the room for fear that he should awake the ba by译文：为了不惊醒孩子，他轻轻推开门，蹑手蹑脚溜了进去；2.I was never allowed by my parents to do things ass I wanted to译文：父母从不允许我按照自己想要的方式来做事；3.New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past ,giving rise to new standards of elegance译文：就像以往那样，在将来，新的思维方式和新的思维对象一定会出现，并带来新的完美标准；4.The sense is growing that the Americans need to turn things round fast ,militarily and politically ,if they are to ensue that events do not get out of control;译文：人们越来越强烈地感觉到：如果美国人想确保情况不失去控制，他们就需要在军事和政治两方面，快速扭转形势；5.If experience are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the sci ence journals indicate,then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce r esults measurable in dollars and cents译文：如果试验被计划并像科学杂志上的报告所表明的那样忠实地按照计划得以实施，那么管理方面期待着研究能够带来可以用金钱衡量的结果也是完全符合逻辑的；【定语从句】比较短的定语从句一般合译，即译成形容词“...的”；较长的定语从句常用分译法，即单独译成一个句子，此时要翻译连接词！多个定语从句嵌套时，常将第一个定语从句合译，后面的从句分译；对于“there be ”句型的定语从句常用融合法，即将从句作为主语的谓语；还有的非限制性定语从句有状语的含义，此时用状译法译成相应的状语从句；1. The people who work for him live in moral fear of him;译文：在他手下工作的人对他惧怕得要死；2.The fine arts , such as painting and sculpture ,involve the production of works to be seen and ex perienced on an abstract level;译文：像绘画和雕塑这样的美术，往往要求创作出能够从抽象的角度加以欣赏和感受的作品；3.There are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write译文：在世界上有些地方，甚至现在人们也不会书写；4.He grabbed the letter from his rival that would prove him guilty in the smuggling case译文：他把信件从对方手里一把夺了过来，因为这封信可以证明他在走私案中的罪行；竹节式：5.A culture in which the citizens share similar religious beliefs and values is more likely to have la ws that represent the wishes of its people than is a culture where citizens come from diverse bac kgrounds译文：有的文化中，公民们拥有着相似的宗教信仰和价值观；还有的文化中，公民们来自不同文化背景，前者比后者更有可能产生代表民意的法律；洋葱式：6.Oneof my friends got pregnant in her boyfriend’s hospital room while he was recovering fro m a terrible car accident which left him partially paralyzed译文：我有一个朋友，她的男朋友遭遇了一起严重的车祸，结果导致了半身不遂。
《研究生翻译课程》PPT课件
第六讲 加注和释义法
一、教学目的：了解在翻译时可以采取不 同的策略，加注和释义法适用的情况。
二、教学过程：
1. Annotation 加注法 2. Paraphrase 释义法 3. 诗歌翻译练习
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第七讲 词类转换
一、教学目的：了解和掌握翻译中词类的 活用情况，以便在翻译时采取灵活的策 略。
二、教学过程：
1. 无生命主语句的类型 2. 无生命主语句的译法 3. 翻译段落练习
第十五讲 Metaphor的翻译
一、教学目的:了解和掌握修辞的翻译方法。 二、教学过程:
1. Metaphor 的界定与概念 2. Metaphor 的翻译原则与译法 3. 翻译段落练习
Tune: “Prelude to Water Melody”
1. 限制性定语从句 2. 非限制性定语从句
第十三讲 习语的翻译
一、教学目的：了解和掌握习语在翻译中 的处理方法。
二、教学过程：
1. 英汉习语对比 2. 英汉习语的翻译方法 3. 翻译段落练习
第十四讲 无生命主语句的翻译
一、教学目的：了解和掌握无生命主语句 （Non-life subject sentences）在翻译中 的应用。
第十一讲 重复法
一、教学目的：了解和掌握重复法 （repetition）在翻译中的运用。
二、教学过程：
1. 重复名词 2. 重复动词 3. 重复代词 4. 关键词语的重复 5. 应用汉语四字词语和重迭词
第十二讲 定语从句的翻译
一、教学目的：了解和掌握在翻译中运用 不同的方法来处理定语从句。
二、教学过程：
《蘇軾‧水調歌頭》
明 月 幾 時 有？ 把 酒 問 青 天。 不 知 天 上 宮 闕，今 夕 是 何 年 ？ 我 欲 乘 風 歸 去，又 恐 瓊 樓 玉 宇，高 處 不 勝 寒！
翻译课程(研究生)
第一章英汉语言对比一、英汉辞义对比Subject例（1）subject用作动词时，1) Armed resistance showed that a minority at least was not prepared to be subjected to foreign rule.武装反抗表明至少有少数人不准备屈从于外国的统治。
be subjected to的汉译可以是“屈从”，英意可以是be dominated by；深层的涵义则是be thrown under，即被置于（入侵者统治）之下。
2) On this test-track, the manufacturers deliberately subject standard production cars to rough treatment.制造商们有意使按标准生产的汽车在测试台上经受破坏性试验。
Subject…to可释为“使……经受”，或“expose…to”，但本义还是throw…under, 即置……于（测试的权威）之下。
3) This plan will be subjected to approval.这个计划将呈请批准。
be subjected to汉译“呈请”，英释可以是be submitted to，但内涵还是be thrown under，即被置于（上级的）审核之下。
4) Our exports in this line are subjected to a tariff rate of 50% in Canada.我们的此类出口商品在加拿大应征的关税率为50%。
be subjected to （throw underthe regulation of…）“应缴”或“被课以”，即：（商品）被置于征税条例的限制之下—(2) subject作形容词时，5) Human affairs are all subject to changes and disasters. (Daniel Defoe)人间之事不由已，变迁灾祸难抗拒。
考研英语考研英语翻译讲座第11讲模版课件
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• 2) 译作汉语的并列句或平行结构 (1) She sang as she prepared the experim ent.
• 她一边唱着歌，一边准备实验。 (2) They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.
• 2) “It” 作为形式主语 1) It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.
• 他参不参加会议都没多大关系。 2) It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could h ave survived the crash.
• 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。 2) 译为类似定语的结构或独成一句；如： (1) They were very suspicious of the assumption that he would rather kill himself than surrender.
• 对于他宁愿自杀也不投降这种假设，他们是很怀疑的。 (2) It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsibl e for the delay.
• 她说话时，泪水直流。 (2) Please turn off the light when you leave the room.
• 离屋时请关电灯。 (3) He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it.
• 他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。
硕士研究生翻译讲座1.概述
Lesson One (1) General Introduction
翻译的具体分类 1）广义：汉-外；外-汉 2）从符号学角度来看，翻译分为: 语内翻译 (intralingual translation)、 语际翻译 (interlingual translation)和 符际翻译 (intersemiotic translation) ---- (Russian linguist, Roman Jakobson)
Translation Lectures for Graduates 2013
Lesson One (1) General Introduction
FLTO of Beijing Administrative College, JZW
20.06.2014 18:41:27
Main Content
Lesson 1 Introduction, Main Differences Between Chinese & English Lesson 2 Levels of Translation Lesson 3 Annotation, Paraphrase, Transformation Lesson 4 Omission, Amplification, Translation of Names Lesson 5 Alienation & Domestication, Cutting & Combination Lesson 6 Onomatopoetic & Color Words, idioms, Figures of Speech Lesson 7 Dynamic & Static State, Generalization & Specification,