机械类-英文翻译
NC Technology
1、Research current situation of NC lathe in our times
Research and development process to such various kinds of new technologies as numerical control lathe , machining center , FMS , CIMS ,etc. of countries all over the world, linked to with the international economic situation closely. The machine tool industry has international economy to mutually promote and develop, enter 21 alert eras of World Affairs, the function that people's knowledge plays is more outstanding , and the machine tool industry is regarded as the foundation of the manufacturing industry of the machine, its key position and strategic meaning are more obvious. Within 1991-1994 years, the economic recession of the world, expensive FMS, CIMS lowers the temperature, among 1995-2000 years, the international economy increases at a low speed, according to requisition for NC lathe and the world four major international lathes exhibition in order to boost productivity of users of various fields of present world market (EMO , IMTS , JIMTOF , China CIMT of Japan of U.S.A. of Europe), have the analysis of the exhibit, there are the following several points mainly in the technical research of NC lathe in our times:
（1）、Pay more attention to new technology and innovation
Worldwide , are launching the new craft , new material , new structure , new unit , research and development of the new component in a more cost-effective manner, developmental research of for instance new cutter material , the new electric main shaft of main shaft structure , high speed , high-speed straight line electrical machinery ,etc.. Regard innovating in improvement of the processing technology as the foundation, for process ultra and hard difficult to cut material and special composite and complicated part , irregular curved surface ,etc. research and develop new lathe variety constantly.
（2）、Improve the precision and research of machine tooling
In order to improve the machining accuracy of the machining center , are improving rigidity of the lathe , reduction vibration constantly, dispel hotly and out of shape, reduce the noise , improve the precision of localization of NC lathe , repeat precision , working dependability , stability , precision keeping, world a lot of country carry on lathe hot error , lathe sport and load out of shape software of error compensate technical research, take precision compensate , software compensate measure improve , some may make this kind of error dispel 60% already. And is developing retrofit constantly, nanometer is being processed.（3）、Improve the research of the machine tooling productivity
World NC lathe, machining center and corresponding some development of main shaft , electrical machinery of straight line , measuring system , NC system of high speed, under the prerequisite of boosting productivity.（4）、What a lot of countries have already begun to the numerical control
system melt intelligently, openly, study networkedly
A、elligent research of the numerical control system
Mainly showing in the following aspects: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality, the self-adaptation to the processing course is controlled, the craft parameter produces research automatically; Join the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently, to the feedback control , adaptive operation , discerning automatically load selects models automatically , since carries on research whole definitely ,etc. of the electrical machinery parameter; There are such research of the respect as intelligent automatic programming , intelligent man-machine interface , intelligence diagnosing , intelligent monitoring ,etc..
B、 The numerical control system melts and studies open
Mainly showing in the following aspects: The development of the numerical control system is on unified operation platform, face the lathe producer and support finally, through changing, increasing or cutting out the structure target(numerical control target ), form the seriation, and can use users specially conveniently and the technical know-how is integrated in the control system, realize the open numerical control system of different variety , different grade fast, form leading brand products with distinct distinction. System structure norm of the open numerical control system at present, norm , disposing the norm , operation platform , numerical control systematic function storehouse and numerical control systematic function software developing instrument ,etc. are the core of present research to pass through.
C、Meeting the manufacture system of the production line , demand for the information integration of the manufacturing company networkedly greatly of numerical control equipment, it is a basic unit of realizing the new manufacture mode too.
2、Classification of the machining center
（1）Process according to main shaft space position when it classifies to be as follows, horizontal and vertical machining center. Horizontal machining center, refer to the machining center that the axis level of the main shaft is set up . Horizontal machining center for 3-5 sport coordinate axis, a common one three rectilinear motion coordinate axis and one turn the coordinate axis of sports round (turn the workingbench round), it can one is it is it finish other 4 Taxi processing besides installing surfaces and top surfaces to insert to install in work piece, most suitable for processing the case body work piece . Compared with strength type machining center it, the structure is complicated, the floor space is large, quality is large, the price is high.
Vertical machining center, the axis of the main shaft of the vertical machining center, in order to set up vertically, its structure is mostly
the regular post type, the workingbench is suitable for processing parts for the slippery one of cross, have 3 rectilinear motion coordinate axis generally , can find a room for one horizontal numerical control revolving stage (the 4th axle ) of axle process the spiral part at workingbench. The vertical machining center is of simple structure, the floor space is small, the price is low, after allocating various kinds of enclosures , can carry on the processing of most work pieces .
Large-scale gantry machining center, the main shafts are mostly set up vertically, is especially used in the large-scale or with complicated form work piece , is it spend the many coordinate gantry machining center to need like aviation , aerospace industry , some processing of part of large-scale steam turbine.
Five machining centers, this kind of machining center has function of the vertical and horizontal machining center, one is it after inserting , can finish all five Taxi processing besides installing the surface to install in work piece, the processing way can make form of work piece error lowest , save 2 times install and insert working, thus improve production efficiency , reduce the process cost.
(2)Classify by craft use
Is it mill machining center to bore, is it mill for vertical door frame machining center , horizontal door frame mill the machining center and Longmen door frame mill the machining center to divide into. Processing technology its rely mainly on the fact that the door frame is milled, used in case body, shell and various kinds of complicated part special curve and large processes , curved surface of outline process, suitable for many varieties to produce in batches small.
Complex machining center, point five times and compound and process mainly, the main shaft head can be turned round automatically, stand, lie and process, after the main shaft is turned round automatically, realize knowing that varies in the horizontal and vertical direction.
(3)Classify by special function
Single workingbench , a pair of workingbench machining center;
Single axle , dual axle , three axle can change machining center , main shaft of case;
Transfer vertically to the tower machining center and transfer ;
One hundred sheets of storehouses adds the main shaft and changes one one hundred sheets of machining centers;
One hundred sheets of storehouses connects and writes hands to add the main shaft and change one hundred sheets of machining centers;
One hundred sheets of storehouses adds the manipulator and adds one pair of main shafts to transfer to the tower machining center.
3、Development trend of the current numerical control lathe
At present, the advanced manufacturing technology in the world is rising constantly, suchapplication of technology as ultrafast cutting ,
ultraprecision processing ,etc., the rapid development of the flexible manufacturing system and integrated system of the computer one is constant and ripe, have put forward higher demand to the process technology of numerical control. Nowadays the numerical control lathe is being developed in several following directions.
（1）. The speed and precision at a high speed , high accuracy are two important indexes of the numerical control lathe , it concerns directly that processes efficiency and product quality. At present, numerical control system adopt-figure number, frequency high processor, in order to raise basic operation speed of system. Meanwhile , adopt the super large-scale integrated circuit and many microprocessors structure, in order to improve systematic data processing ability , namely improve and insert the speed and precision of mending operation. Adopt the straight line motor and urge the straight line of the lathe workingbench to be servo to enter to the way directly, it is quite superior that its responds the characteristic at a high speed and dynamically. Adopt feedforward control technology , make it lag behind error reduce greatly , thus improve the machining accuracy cut in corner not to track.
For meet ultrafast demand that process, numerical control lathe adopt main shaft motor and lathe structure form that main shaft unite two into one, realize frequency conversion motor and lathe main shaft integrate , bearing , main shaft of electrical machinery adopt magnetism float the bearing , liquid sound pigeonhole such forms as the bearing or the ceramic rolling bearing ,etc.. At present, ceramic cutter and diamond coating cutter have already begun to get application.
（2）. Multi-functional to is it change all kinds of machining centers of organization (a of capacity of storehouse can up to 100 of the above ) automatically to furnished with, can realize milling paring , boring and pares , bores such many kinds of processes as paring , turning , reaming , reaming , attacking whorl ,etc. to process at the same time on the same lathe , modern numerical control lathe adopt many main shaft , polyhedron cut also , carry on different cutting of way process to one different position of part at the same time. The numerical control system has because adopted many CPU structure and cuts off the control method in grades, can work out part processing and procedure at the same time on a lathe , realize so-called " the front desk processes , the backstage supporter is an editor ". In order to meet the needs of integrating the systematic one in flexible manufacturing system and computer, numerical control system have remote serial interface , can network , realize data communication , numerical control of lathe, can control many numerical control lathes directly too. （3）.Intelligent modern numerical control lathe introduce the adaptive control technology, according to cutting the change of the condition, automatic working parameter, make the processing course can keep the best working state , thus get the higher machining accuracy and roughness of
smaller surface , can improve the service life of the cutter and production efficiency of the equipment at the same time . Diagnose by oneself , repair the function by oneself, among the whole working state, the system is diagnosed, checked by oneself to CNC system and various kinds of equipment linking to each other with it at any time. While breaking down , adopt the measure of shutting down etc. immediately , carry on the fault alarm, brief on position , reason to break down ,etc.. Can also make trouble module person who take off automatically , put through reserve module , so as to ensure nobody demand of working environment. For realize high trouble diagnose that requires , its development trend adopts the artificial intelligence expert to diagnose the system.
（4）. Numerical control programming automation with the development of application technology of the computer, CAD/CAM figure interactive automatic programming has already get more application at present, it is a new trend of the technical development of numerical control. It utilize part that CAD draw process pattern , is it calculate the trailing punishing to go on by cutter orbit data of computer and then, thus produce NC part and process the procedure automatically, in order to realize the integration of CAD and CAM. With the development of CIMS technology , the full-automatic programming way in which CAD/CAPP/CAM integrates has appeared again at present, it, and CAD/CAM systematic programming great difference their programming necessary processing technology parameter needn't by artificial to participate in most, get from CAPP database in system directly.
（5）. The dependability of the dependability maximization numerical control lathe has been the major indicator that users cared about most all the time . The numerical control system will adopt the circuit chip of higher integrated level , will utilize the extensive or super large-scale special-purpose and composite integrated circuit, in order to reduce the quantity of the components and parts , to improve dependability . Through the function software of the hardware, in order to meet various kinds of demands for controlling the function, adopt the module , standardization , universalization and seriation of the structure lathe noumenonn of the hardware at the same time , make not only improve the production lot of the hardware but also easy to is it produce to organize and quality check on.. Still through operating and starting many kinds of diagnostic programs of diagnosing , diagnosing , diagnosing off-line online etc. automatically, realize that diagnoses and reports to the police the trouble to hardware , software and various kinds of outside equipment in the system. Utilize the warning suggestion, fix a breakdown in time; Utilize fault-tolerant technology, adopt and design the important part " redundantly ", in order to realize the trouble resumes by oneself; Utilize various kinds of test , control technology , exceed Cheng , one one hundred sheets of damages , interfering , cutting out ,etc.
at the time of various kinds of accidents as production, carry on corresponding protection automatically.
（6）. Control system miniaturization systematic miniaturization of numerical control benefit and combine the machine , electric device for an organic whole. Adopt the super large-scale integrated component , multi-layer printed circuit board mainly at present, adopt the three-dimensional installation method , make the electronic devices and components must use the high density to install, narrow systematic occupying the space on a larger scale. And utilize the new-type slim display of colored liquid crystal to substitute the traditional cathode ray tube, will make the operating system of numerical control miniaturize further. So can install it on the machine tool conveniently, benefit the operation of the numerical control lathe correctly even more.
本文出自：Shigley J E. Mechanical Engineering Design. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998
数控技术
1、当前世界NC机床的研究现状
世界各国对数控机床、加工中心以至FMS、CIMS等各种新技术的研究与发展进程，是与世界经济形势紧密相连的。机床工业有世界经济相互促进和发展，进入21世界知识机警时代，人们的知识所起的作用更加突出，而机床工业作为机器制造业的基础，其重点地位与战略意义也更加明显。在1991—1994年间，世界经济衰退，昂贵的FMS，CIMS降温，1995—2000年间，世界经济在低速增长，根据当前世界市场各方面用户为提高生产率对NC机床的要求以及世界四大国际机床展（欧洲的EMO、美国的IMTS、日本的JIMTOF、中国的CIMT）上展品的分
析，当前世界NC机床的技术研究主要有以下几点：
（1）、更加重视新技术和创新
在世界范围内，对新工艺、新材料、新结构、新单元、新元件的研究开发工作正在大力开展，如新的刀具材料、新的主轴结构、高速电主轴、高速直线电机等的开发研究。以加工工艺的改进创新为基础，为加工超硬、难切削材料及特殊复合材料及复杂零件、不规则曲面等在不断研究开发新机种。
（2）、提高机床加工的精度和研究
为了提高加工中心的加工精度，不断提高机床的刚度、减少振动，消除热变形，降低噪声，提高NC机床的定位精度、重复精度、工作可靠性、稳定性、精度保持性，世界很多国家都在进行机床热误差、机床运动及负载变形误差的软件补偿技术研究，并采取精度补偿、软件补偿等措施加以改善，有的已经可以使此类误差消除60%。并在不断开发精细加工，纳米加工。
（3）、提高机床加工生产率的研究
世界NC机床、加工中心及相应的高速点主轴、直线电机、测量系统、NC系
统的开发，均以提高生产率为前提。
（4）、许多国家都已经开始对数控系统的智能化、开放化、网络化研究
A、数控系统的智能化的研究
主要表现在：为追求加工效率和加工质量的智能化，对加工过程的自适应控制，工艺参数自动生成进行研究；为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化，对反馈控制、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等进行研究；还有智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面、智能诊断、智能监控等方面的研究。
B、数控系统开放化研究
主要表现在：数控系统的开发在统一的运行平台上，面向机床厂家和最终拥护，通过改变、增加或剪裁结构对象（数控对象），形成系列化，并可方便地将用户的特殊应用和技术诀窍集成到控制系统中，快速实现不同品种、不同档次的开放式数控系统，形成具有鲜明个性的名牌产品。目前开放式数控系统的体系结构规范、通行规范、配置规范、运行平台、数控系统功能库以及数控系统功能软件开发工具等是当前研究的核心。
C、数控装备的网络化将极大地满足生产线制造系统、制造企业对信息集成的需求，也是实现新的制造模式的基础单元。
2、加工中心的分类
（1）按主轴加工时的空间位置分类有：卧式和立式加工中心。
卧式加工中心，是指主轴轴线水平设置的加工中心。卧式加工中心一般具有3—5个运动坐标轴，常见的是三个直线运动坐标轴和一个回转运动坐标轴（回转工作台），它能在工件一次装夹完成除安装面和顶面以外的其余4个面的加工，最适合加工箱体类工件。它与力式加工中心相比，结构复杂，占地面积大，质量大，价格高。
立式加工中心，立式加工中心主轴的轴线为垂直设置，其结构多为固定立柱式，工作台为十字滑台，适合加工盘类零件，一般具有3个直线运动坐标轴，并可在工作台上安置一个水平轴的数控转台（第4轴）来加工螺旋类零件。立式加工中心结构简单，占地面积小，价格低，配备各种附件后，可进行大部分工件的加工。
大型龙门式加工中心，主轴多为垂直设置，尤其使用于大型或形状复杂的工件，像航空、航天工业及大型汽轮机上的某些零件的加工都需要用这类多坐标龙门式加工中心。
五面加工中心，这种加工中心具有立式和卧式加工中心的功能，在工件一次装夹后，能完成除安装面外的所有五个面的加工，这种加工方式可以使工件的形
状误差降到最低，省去二次装夹工作，从而提高生产效率，降低加工成本。
（2）按工艺用途分类有：
镗铣加工中心，分为立式樘铣加工中心、卧式樘铣加工中心和龙门樘铣加工中心。其加工工艺以樘铣为主，用于箱体，壳体以及各种复杂零件特殊曲线和曲面轮廓的多工序加工，适合多品种小批量生产。
复合加工中心，主要指五面复合加工，主轴头可自动回转，进行立，卧加工，在主轴自动回转后，在水平和垂直方向实现知道变换。
（3）按特殊功能分类有：
单工作台、双工作台加工中心；
单轴、双轴、三轴及可换主轴箱的加工中心；
立式转塔加工中心和卧式转塔加工中心；
刀库加主轴换刀加工中心；
刀库接写手加主轴换刀加工中心；
刀库加机械手加双主轴转塔加工中心。
3、当今数控机床的发展趋势：
目前，世界先进制造技术不断兴起，超高速切削、超精密加工等技术的应用，柔性制造系统的迅速发展和计算机集成系统的不断成熟，对数控加工技术提出了更高的要求。当今数控机床正在朝着以下几个方向发展。
（1）.高速度、高精度化速度和精度是数控机床的两个重要指标，它直接关系到加工效率和产品质量。目前，数控系统采用位数、频率更高的处理器，以提高系统的基本运算速度。同时，采用超大规模的集成电路和多微处理器结构，以提高系统的数据处理能力，即提高插补运算的速度和精度。并采用直线电动机直接驱动机床工作台的直线伺服进给方式，其高速度和动态响应特性相当优越。采用前馈控制技术，使追踪滞后误差大大减小，从而改善拐角切削的加工精度。
为适应超高速加工的要求，数控机床采用主轴电动机与机床主轴合二为一的结构形式，实现了变频电动机与机床主轴一体化，主轴电机的轴承采用磁浮轴承、液体动静压轴承或陶瓷滚动轴承等形式。目前，陶瓷刀具和金刚石涂层刀具已开始得到应用。
（2）.多功能化配有自动换刀机构(刀库容量可达100把以上)的各类加工中心，能在同一台机床上同时实现铣削、镗削、钻削、车削、铰孔、扩孔、攻螺纹等多种工序加工，现代数控机床还采用了多主轴、多面体切削，即同时对一个零件的不同部位进行不同方式的切削加工。数控系统由于采用了多CPU结构和分级中断控制方式，即可在一台机床上同时进行零件加工和程序编制，实现所谓的“前台加工，后台编辑”。为了适应柔性制造系统和计算机集成系统的要求，数控系统具有远距离串行接口，甚至可以联网，实现数控机床之间的数据通信，也可以
直接对多台数控机床进行控制。
（3）.智能化现代数控机床将引进自适应控制技术，根据切削条件的变化，自动调节工作参数，使加工过程中能保持最佳工作状态，从而得到较高的加工精度和较小的表面粗糙度，同时也能提高刀具的使用寿命和设备的生产效率。具有自诊断、自修复功能，在整个工作状态中，系统随时对CNC系统本身以及与其相连的各种设备进行自诊断、检查。一旦出现故障时，立即采用停机等措施，并进行故障报警，提示发生故障的部位、原因等。还可以自动使故障模块脱机，而接通备用模块，以确保无人化工作环境的要求。为实现更高的故障诊断要求，其发展趋势是采用人工智能专家诊断系统。
（4）.数控编程自动化随着计算机应用技术的发展，目前CAD／CAM图形交互式自动编程已得到较多的应用，是数控技术发展的新趋势。它是利用CAD绘制的零件加工图样，再经计算机内的刀具轨迹数据进行计算和后置处理，从而自动生成NC零件加工程序，以实现CAD与CAM的集成。随着CIMS技术的发展，当前又出现了CAD／CAPP／CAM集成的全自动编程方式，它与CAD／CAM系统编程的最大区别是其编程所需的加工工艺参数不必由人工参与，直接从系统内的CAPP数据库获得。
（5）.可靠性最大化数控机床的可靠性一直是用户最关心的主要指标。数控系统将采用更高集成度的电路芯片，利用大规模或超大规模的专用及混合式集成电路，以减少元器件的数量，来提高可靠性。通过硬件功能软件化，以适应各种控制功能的要求，同时采用硬件结构机床本体的模块化、标准化和通用化及系列化，使得既提高硬件生产批量，又便于组织生产和质量把关。还通过自动运行启动诊断、在线诊断、离线诊断等多种诊断程序，实现对系统内硬件、软件和各种外部设备进行故障诊断和报警。利用报警提示，及时排除故障；利用容错技术，对重要部件采用“冗余”设计，以实现故障自恢复；利用各种测试、监控技术，当生产超程、刀损、干扰、断电等各种意外时，自动进行相应的保护。
（6）.控制系统小型化数控系统小型化便于将机、电装置结合为一体。目前主要采用超大规模集成元件、多层印刷电路板，采用三维安装方法，使电子元器件得以高密度安装，较大规模缩小系统的占有空间。而利用新型的彩色液晶薄型显示器替代传统的阴极射线管，将使数控操作系统进一步小型化。这样可以方便地将它安装在机床设备上，更便于对数控机床的操作使用。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语(1)重点
电气工程及其自动化专业英语 考试题型：选择10*2 单词翻译10*2 短句翻译5*4 长句翻译4*10 Exercise All the simple circuit elements that will be 在下面进行的工作中我们要研究的简单电路元件,可以根据流过元件的电流与元件两端的电压的关系进行分类。例如，如果元件两端的电压正比于流过元件的电流，即u＝ki，我们就把元件称为电阻器。其他的类型的简单电路元件的端电压正比于电流对时间的导数或正比于电流关于时间的积分。还有一些元件的电压完全独立于电流或电流完全独立于电压，这些是独立源。此外，我们还要定义一些特殊类型的电源，这些电源的电压或电流取决于电路中其他的电流或电压，这样的电源将被称为非独立源或受控源。 It must be emphasized that the linear 必须强调的是线性电阻器是一个理想的电路元件；它是物理元件的数学模型。我们可以很容易地买到或制造电阻器，但很快我们发现这种物理元件只有当电流、电压或者功率处于特定范围时其电压——电流之比才是恒定的，并且这个比值也取决于温度以及其它环境因素。我们通常应当把线性电阻器仅仅称为电阻器。只有当需要强调元件性质的时候才使用更长的形式称呼它。而对于任何非线性电阻器我们应当始终这么称呼它，非线性电阻器不应当必然地被视为不需要的元件。 If a circuit has two or more independent 如果一个电路有两个或多个独立源，求出具体变量值（电流或电压）的一种方法是使用节点分析法或网孔分析法。另一种方法是求出每个独立源对变量的作用然后把它们进行叠加。而这种方法被称为叠加法。叠加法原理表明线性电路某个元件两端的电压（或流过元件的电流）等于每个独立源单独作用时该元件两端的电压（或流过元件的电流）的代数和。 The ratio of the phase voltage to the 相电压与相电流之比等于电路的阻抗，符号为字母Z，阻抗是一个具有量纲为欧姆的复数量。阻抗不是一个相量，因此不能通过把它乘以e jωt,并取其实部把它转换成时域形式。但是，我们把电感器看作是通过其电感量L表现为时域形式而通过其阻抗jωL表现为频域形式，电容在时域里为电容量C而在频域里为1/jωc，阻抗是某种程度 上的频域变量而非时域变量。 Both wye and delta source connections 无论是星型连接的电源还是三角形连接的电源都有重要的实际应用意义。星型连接的电源用于长距离电力传输，此时电阻损耗(I2R)将达到最小。这是由于星型连接的线电压是三角形连接的线电压的√3倍，于是,对于相同的功率来说，三角型连接的线电流是星形连接的线电流的√3倍。三角形连接的电源使用在根据三相电源而需要的三个单相电路中。这种从三相到单相的转变用在住宅布线中因为家用照明和设备使用单相电源。三相电源用在需要大功率的工业布线中。在某些应用场合，无论负载是星形连接还是三角形连接并不重要。
机械专业术语英文翻译
陶瓷 ceramics 合成纤维 synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis 悬架 suspension 转向器 redirector 变速器 speed changer 板料冲压 sheet metal parts 孔加工 spot facing machining 车间 workshop 工程技术人员 engineer 气动夹紧 pneuma lock 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking
技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint 曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams
英文翻译 机械自动化类
Mechatronics Electrical machinery and electronics, also known as the integration of science, English as Mechatronics, it is by English mechanics of the first half of Mechanics and Electronics of the latter part of a combination of Electronics. Mechatronics 1971, first appeared in Japanese magazine, "Machine Design" on the supplement, with the mechanical-electrical integration of the rapid development of technology, electromechanical integration, the concept was widely accepted and we have universal application. With the rapid development of computer technology and extensive application of mechatronics technology unprecedented development. Mechatronics present technology, mechanical and micro-electronics technology is closely a set of technologies, the development of his machine has been cold humane, intelligent. Specific mechanical and electrical integration technologies, including the following: (1) mechanical engineering machinery and technology is the basis of mechatronics, mechanical technology, focused on how to adapt to mechanical and electrical integration technologies, the use of other high and new technology to update the concept, the realization of the structure, materials, the performance changes to meet the needs to reduce weight, reduce the size and improve accuracy, increase the stiffness and improving the performance requirements. Mechatronic systems in the manufacturing process, the classical theory and technology of mechanical computer-aided technology should help, while the use of artificial intelligence and expert systems, the formation of a new generation of mechanical manufacturing technology. (2) Computer and Information Technology Which information exchange, access, computing, judge and decision-making, artificial intelligence techniques, expert system technology, neural networks are computer information processing technology. (3) System Technology System technology that is the concept of the overall application of related technology organizations, from the perspective of the overall objectives and systems will be interconnected into the overall number of functional units, system interface technology is an important aspect of technology, it is an organic part of the realization of system guarantee connectivity.
《机械工程专业英语教程》课文翻译
Lesson 1 力学的基本概念 1、词汇： statics [st?tiks] 静力学；dynamics动力学；constraint约束；magnetic [m?ɡ＇netik]有磁性的；external [eks＇t?:nl] 外面的, 外部的；meshing啮合；follower从动件；magnitude [＇m?ɡnitju:d] 大小；intensity强度，应力；non-coincident [k?u＇insid?nt]不重合；parallel [＇p?r?lel]平行；intuitive 直观的；substance物质；proportional [pr?＇p?:??n?l]比例的；resist抵抗，对抗；celestial [si＇lestj?l]天空的；product乘积；particle质点；elastic [i＇l?stik]弹性；deformed变形的；strain拉力；uniform全都相同的；velocity[vi＇l?siti]速度；scalar[＇skeil?]标量；vector[＇vekt?]矢量；displacement代替；momentum [m?u＇ment?m]动量； 2、词组 make up of由……组成；if not要不，不然；even through即使，纵然； Lesson 2 力和力的作用效果 1、词汇： machine 机器；mechanism机构；movable活动的；given 规定的，给定的，已知的；perform执行；application 施用；produce引起，导致；stress压力；applied施加的；individual单独的；muscular [＇m?skjul?]]力臂；gravity[ɡr?vti]重力；stretch伸展，拉紧，延伸；tensile[tensail]拉力；tension张力，拉力；squeeze挤；compressive 有压力的，压缩的；torsional扭转的；torque转矩；twist扭，转动；molecule [m likju:l]分子的；slide滑动; 滑行；slip滑，溜；one another 互相；shear剪切；independently独立地，自立地；beam梁；compress压；revolve (使)旋转；exert [iɡ＇z?:t]用力，尽力，运用，发挥，施加；principle原则, 原理，准则，规范；spin使…旋转；screw螺丝钉；thread螺纹； 2、词组 a number of 许多；deal with 涉及，处理；result from由什么引起；prevent from阻止，防止；tends to 朝某个方向；in combination结合；fly apart飞散； 3、译文： 任何机器或机构的研究表明每一种机构都是由许多可动的零件组成。这些零件从规定的运动转变到期望的运动。另一方面，这些机器完成工作。当由施力引起的运动时，机器就开始工作了。所以，力和机器的研究涉及在一个物体上的力和力的作用效果。 力是推力或者拉力。力的作用效果要么是改变物体的形状或者运动，要么阻止其他的力发生改变。每一种
(机械制造行业)机械英文翻译
英文翻译 机械设计 一台完整机器的设计是一个复杂的过程。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性，还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。 Machine Design The complete design of a machine is a complex process. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. 任何产品在设计时第一步就是选择产品每个部分的构成材料。许多的材料被今天的设计师所使用。对产品的功能，它的外观、材料的成本、制造的成本作出必要的选择是十分重要的。对材料的特性必须事先作出仔细的评估。 One of the first steps in the design of any product is to select the material from which each part is to be made. Numerous materials are available to today's designers. The function of the product, its appearance, the cost of the material, and the cost of fabrication are important in making a selection. A careful evaluation of the properties of a. material must be made prior to any calculations. 仔细精确的计算是必要的，以确保设计的有效性。在任何失败的情况下，最好知道在最初设计中有有缺陷的部件。计算（图纸尺寸）检查是非常重要的。一个小数点的位置放错，就可以导致一个本可以完成的项目失败。设计工作的各个方面都应该检查和复查。 Careful calculations are necessary to ensure the validity of a design. In case of any part failures, it is desirable to know what was done in originally designing the defective components. The checking of calculations (and drawing dimensions) is of utmost importance. The misplacement of one decimal point can ruin an otherwise acceptable project. All aspects of design work should be checked and rechecked. 计算机是一种工具，它能够帮助机械设计师减轻繁琐的计算，并对现有数据提供进一步的分析。互动系统基于计算机的能力，已经使计算机辅助设计（CAD）和计算机辅助制造（CAM）成为了可能。心理学家经常谈论如何使人们适应他们所操作的机器。设计人员的基本职责是努力使机器来适应人们。这并不是一项容易的工作，因为实际上并不存在着一个对所有人来说都是最优的操作范围和操作
机械专业外文翻译(中英文翻译)
外文翻译 英文原文 Belt Conveying Systems Development of driving system Among the methods of material conveying employed，belt conveyors play a very important part in the reliable carrying of material over long distances at competitive cost．Conveyor systems have become larger and more complex and drive systems have also been going through a process of evolution and will continue to do so．Nowadays，bigger belts require more power and have brought the need for larger individual drives as well as multiple drives such as 3 drives of 750 kW for one belt(this is the case for the conveyor drives in Chengzhuang Mine)．The ability to control drive acceleration torque is critical to belt conveyors’performance．An efficient drive system should be able to provide smooth，soft starts while maintaining belt tensions within the specified safe limits．For load sharing on multiple drives．torque and speed control are also important considerations in the drive system’s design. Due to the advances in conveyor drive control technology，at present many more reliable．Cost-effective and performance-driven conveyor drive systems covering a wide range of power are available for customers’ choices[1]. 1 Analysis on conveyor drive technologies 1．1 Direct drives Full-voltage starters．With a full-voltage starter design，the conveyor head shaft is direct-coupled to the motor through the gear drive．Direct full-voltage starters are adequate for relatively low-power, simple-profile conveyors．With direct fu11-voltage starters．no control is provided for various conveyor loads and．depending on the ratio between fu11-and no-1oad power requirements，empty starting times can be three or four times faster than full load．The maintenance-free starting system is simple，low-cost and very reliable．However, they cannot control starting torque and maximum stall torque；therefore．they are
机械专业英文翻译
机械专业英文翻译 Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】
启动轴 starting axle 启动齿轮starting gear 启动棘轮 starting ratchet wheel 复位弹簧 restoring, pull back spring 弹簧座 spring seating 摩擦簧friction spring 推力垫圈 thrust washer 轴挡圈axle bumper ring 下料 filling 切断 cut 滚齿机 gear-hobbing machine 剪料机 material-shearing machine 车床 lathe 拉床 broaching machine 垂直度 verticality, vertical extent 平行度 parallelism同 心度 homocentricity 位置度 position 拉伤 pulling damage 碰伤 bumping damage 缺陷 deficiency 严重缺陷 severe deficiency 摩擦力 friction 扭距 twist 滑动 glide 滚动 roll 打滑 skid 脱不开 can’t seperate 不复位 can’t restore 直径 diameter M值 = 跨棒距 test rod span 公法线 common normal line 弹性 elasticity 频率特性 frequency characteristic 误差 error 响应 response 定位 allocation 机床夹具 jig 动力学 dynamic 运动学 kinematic 静力学 static 分析力学 analyse mechanics 拉伸 pulling 压缩 hitting 机床 machine tool 刀具 cutter 摩擦 friction 联结 link 传动 drive/transmission 轴 shaft 剪切 shear 扭转 twist 弯曲应力 bending stress 三相交流电 three-phase AC 磁路 magnetic circles 变压器 transformer 异步电动机 asynchronous motor 几何形状 geometrical 精度 precision 正弦形的 sinusoid 交流电路 AC circuit 机械加工余量 machining allowance 变形力 deforming force 变形 deformation 电路 circuit 半导体元件 semiconductor element 拉孔 broaching 装配 assembling 加工 machining 液压 hydraulic pressure 切线 tangent 机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 稳定性 stability 介质 medium 液压驱动泵 fluid clutch 液压泵 hydraulic pump 阀门 valve 失效 invalidation 强度 intensity 载荷 load 应力 stress 安全系数 safty factor 可靠性 reliability 螺纹 thread 螺旋 helix 键 spline 销 pin 滚动轴承 rolling bearing 滑动轴承 sliding bearing 弹簧 spring 制动器 arrester brake 十字结联轴节 crosshead 联轴器 coupling 链 chain 皮带 strap 精加工 finish machining 粗加工 rough machining 变速箱体 gearbox casing 腐蚀 rust 氧化 oxidation 磨损 wear 耐用度 durability 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking 技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint 曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams 反馈 feedback 发生器 generator
机械专业英语(章跃版)课后英汉翻译
第一章：应力与应变 1.That branch of scientific analysis which motions, times and forces is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. 研究位移、时间和力运动乘力是科学分析法的一个分歧，被称作力学，力学由两大部分组成，静力学和动力学。 2.For example, if the force operating on a sleeve bearing becomes too high, it will squeeze out the oil film and cause metal-to-metal contact, overheating and rapid failure of the bearing. 例如：如果止推轴承上的作用力过大的话，会挤出油膜，引起金属和金属之间的相互接触，轴承将过热而迅速失效。 3.Our intuitive concept of force includes such ideas as place of application, direction, and magnitude, and these are called the characteristics of a force. 力的直观概念包括力的作用点、大小、方向，这些被称为力的三要素。 4.All bodies are either elastic or plastic and will be deformed if acted upon by forces. When the deformation of such bodies is small, they are frequently assumed to be rigid, i.e., incapable of deformation, in order to simplify the analysis. 所有的物体既可以是弹性的也可以是塑性的，如果受到力的作用就产生变形。当变形很小的时候它们被假设成刚体，也就是不产生变形。 5.The rigid-body assumption cannot be used in internal stresses and strains due to the applied forces to be analyzed. Thus we consider the
电气专业术语中英对照
一．电气名词Electric items 二．线路（母线、回路）Lines (Bus , circuits) 三．设备Equipments 四．保护、继电器Protection , relays 五．电气仪表Electric instruments 六．防雷Lightning protection 七．接地Grounding , earthing 八．室、所Room , Substation 九．电修车间设备Equipments of electric repair 十．材料Material 十一．图名Drawings , diagrams 十二．表头Tables 十三．标准图词汇Terms from standard DWG 一．电气名词Electric items 交（直）流Alternating (direct) current 短路电流Short-circuit current 起始次暂态短路电流Initial subtransient short-circuit current 冲击电流Impulse current 稳态短路电流Steady state short-circuit current 临界电流Critical current 切断电流Rupturing current 熔断电流Blow-out current 故障电流Fault current 计算电流Calculating current 极限有限电流Limit effective current 过电流Over current 逆电流Inverse current 整定电流Setting current 额定电流Rated current 电流密度Current density 短路电流最大有效值Maximum effective value of short-circuit current 高压High-voltage , High-tension 低压Low-voltage , Low-tension 计算电压Calculating voltage 激磁电压Exciting voltage 冲击电压Impulse voltage 临界电压Critical voltage
机械术语英文翻译
机械术语英文翻译 阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm 安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load 凹面、凹度concavity扳手wrench 板簧flat leaf spring 半圆键woodruff key 变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar 摆动从动件oscillating follower 摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile 摆线运动规律cycloidal motion 摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角angle of contact 保持架cage背对背安装丨back-to-back arrangement 背锥back cone ；normal cone 背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale 热容specific heat capacity 闭式链closed kinematic chain闭链机构closed chain mechanism 臂部arm 变频器frequency converters变频调速frequency control of motor speed 变速speed change 变速齿轮change gear ; change wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient 标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear 表面质量系数superficial mass factor 表面传热系数surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度surface roughness 并联式组合combination in parallel并联机构parallel mechanism 并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism并行工程concurrent engineering 并行设计concurred design, CD不平衡相位phase angle of unbalance 不平衡imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量amount of unbalance 不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing波发生器wave generator 波数number of waves补偿compensation 参数化设计parameterization design, PD残余应力residual stress 操纵及控制装置operation control device槽轮Geneva wheel 槽轮机构Geneva mechanism ；Maltese cross槽数Geneva numerate 槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash 差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism 差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity factor 承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting 尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space 齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash 齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle 齿根高dedendum齿根圆dedendum circle 齿厚tooth thickness齿距circular pitch 齿宽face width齿廓tooth profile 齿廓曲线tooth curve齿轮gear 齿轮变速箱speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack 齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀hob ,hobbing cutter 齿轮机构gear齿轮轮坯blank 齿轮传动系pinion unit齿轮联轴器gear coupling 齿条传动rack gear齿数tooth number 齿数比gear ratio齿条rack 齿条插刀rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链silent chain 齿形系数form factor齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet mechanism 插齿机gear shaper重合点coincident points 重合度contact ratio冲床punch
机械类-英文翻译知识讲解
机械类-英文翻译
NC Technology 1、Research current situation of NC lathe in our times Research and development process to such various kinds of new technologies as numerical control lathe , machining center , FMS , CIMS ,etc. of countries all over the world, linked to with the international economic situation closely. The machine tool industry has international economy to mutually promote and develop, enter 21 alert eras of World Affairs, the function that people's knowledge plays is more outstanding , and the machine tool industry is regarded as the foundation of the manufacturing industry of the machine, its key position and strategic meaning are more obvious. Within 1991-1994 years, the economic recession of the world, expensive FMS, CIMS lowers the temperature, among 1995-2000 years, the international economy increases at a low speed, according to requisition for NC lathe and the world four major international lathes exhibition in order to boost productivity of users of various fields of present world market (EMO , IMTS , JIMTOF , China CIMT of Japan of U.S.A. of Europe), have the analysis of the exhibit, there are the following several points mainly in the technical research of NC lathe in our times: （1）、Pay more attention to new technology and innovation Worldwide , are launching the new craft , new material , new structure , new unit , research and development of the new component in a more cost-effective manner, developmental research of for instance new cutter material , the new electric main shaft of main shaft structure , high speed , high-speed straight line electrical machinery ,etc.. Regard innovating in improvement of the processing technology as the foundation, for process ultra and hard difficult to cut material and special composite and complicated part , irregular curved surface ,etc. research and develop new lathe variety constantly. （2）、Improve the precision and research of machine tooling In order to improve the machining accuracy of the machining center , are improving rigidity of the lathe , reduction vibration constantly, dispel hotly and out of shape, reduce the noise , improve the precision of localization of NC lathe , repeat precision , working dependability , stability , precision keeping, world a lot of country carry on lathe hot error , lathe sport and load out of shape software of error compensate technical research, take precision compensate , software compensate measure improve , some may make this kind of