雅思入学测试笔试试卷-普通卷
雅思入学测试
Section 1 ：Grammar (5 Mins)___________________________________________________________In this section, you will be given 5mins to do a multiple choice about grammar.1. I ............ want to be a practising doctor but now I’m moreinterested in research.A. was used toB. used toC. would2. I finished my essay yesterday but ............ it in to the tutor yet.A. I've givenB. I haven't givenC. I didn't give3. When I arrived, the lecture ............, so I didn't find it easy tofollow.A. startedB. had startedC. had been starting4. The government has released some ............ data showing how schoolsare not providing an adequate education to our children.A. shockingB. shockC. shocked5. The bookshop ............ the end of the road is excellent.A. atB. onC. in6. There were millions of people around the wor ld ............ thefootball match live on television.A. watchedB. watchingC. were watching7. When you wr ite your essays you ............ copy ideas from bookswithout referencing them properly.A. mustn'tB. don't have toC. have to8. What will you do if you ............ get a good IELTS scoreA. don'tB. didn'tC. won't9. If I didn't have to work tonight, ............ able to relax now.A. I’d beB. I’mC. I’ll be10. I wish that man ............ tapping his fingers on the table. It'sreally annoying me.A. stoppedB. had stoppedC. would stopSection 2 ：Reading Comprehension (15 Mins)___________________________________________________________In this section, you will be given 15mins to do a reading comprehensive, first you read this passage and then answer those questions.Crop-growing skyscrapersBy the year 2050, nearly 80% of the Earth’s population will live in urban centres. Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends, the human population will increase by about three billion people by then. An estimated 109 hectares of new land (about 20% larger than Brazi l) wi l l be needed to grow enough food to feed them, if traditional farming methods continue as they are practised today.At present, throughout the wor ld, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use. Historically, some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices. What can be done to ensure enough food for the world’s population to live onThe concept of indoor farming is not new, s ince hothouse product ion of tomatoes and other produce has been in vogue for some time. What is new is the urgent need to scale up this technology to accommodate another three bi l l ion people. Many bel ieve an entirely new approach to indoor farming is required, employing cutting-edge technologies. One such proposal is for the ‘Vertical Farm’.The concept is of multi-storey buildings in which food crops are grown in environmentally controlled conditions. Situated in the heart of urban centres,they would drastically reduce the amount of transportationrequ ired to br ing food to consumers. Vert ical farms wou ld need to be efficient,cheap to construct and safe to operate.If successfully implemented, proponents claim, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming.It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for granted. Along the way, we despoiled most of the land we worked, often turning verdant, natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts. Within that same time frame, we evolved into an urban species, in which 60% of the human population now lives vertically in cities. This means that, for the majority, we humans have shelter from the elements, yet we subject our food-bear ing plants to the r igours of the great outdoors and can do no more than hope for a good weather year. However, more often than not now, due to a rapidly changing climate, that is not what happens. Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops.The supporters of vertical farming claim many potential advantages for the system. For instance, crops would be produced all year round, as they would be kept in artificially controlled,optimum growing conditions. There would be no weather-related crop fai lures due to droughts, floods or pests. Al l the food could be grown organical ly, el iminating the need for herb icides, pest icides and fert i l isers. The system wou ld great ly reduce the incidence of many infectious diseases that are acquired at theagr icu ltura l interface. Although the system wou ld consume energy, it would return energy to the grid via methane generation from composting nonedible parts of plants. It would also dramatically reduce fossil fuel use, by cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and shipping.A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that the plants would require artificial light. Without it, those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight and grow more quickly, reducing the efficiency of the system. Singlestorey greenhouses have the benefit of natural overhead light: even so, many still need artificial lighting.A multi-storey facility with no natural overhead light would require far more. Generating enough light could be prohibitively expensive, unless cheap, renewable energy is available, and this appears to be rather a future aspiration than a likelihood for the near future.One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to grow plants in stacked trays that move on rai ls. Moving the trays al lows the plants to get enough sunl ight. This system is already in operat ion, and works well within a single-storey greenhouse with light reaching it from above: it is not certain, however,that it can be made to work without that overhead natural light.Vertical farming is an attempt to address the undoubted problems that we face in producing enough food for a growing populat ion. At the moment,though, more needs to be done to reduce the detr imental impact it would have on the environment, particularly as regards the use of energy. While it is possible that much of our food will be grown in skyscrapers in future, most experts currently believe it is far more likely that we wi l l simply use the space available on urban rooftops.Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Indoor farming1. Some food p lants, inc lud ing __________________, are already grownindoors.2. Vertical farms would be located in __________________, meaningthat there would be less need to take them long distances to customers.3. Vertical farms could use methane from plants and animals to produce__________________.4. The consumption of __________________ would be cut becauseagricultural vehicles would be unnecessary.5. The fact that vertical farms would need _______________ l ight isa disadvantage.6. One form of vertical farming involves planting in __________________which are not fixed.7. The most probable development is that food will be grown on_______________ in towns and cities.Section 3 ：Listening (15 Mins)__________________________________________________________ _Questions 1-6Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Questions 5 and 6Choose TWO letters A-E.Which two things are included of the tourA. fishing tripB. guided bushwalkC. reptile park entryD. table tennisE. tennisQuestions 7-10Complete the sentences belowWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.7. The tour costs $______8. Bookings must be made no late than __________ days in advance.9. A __________ deposit is required.10. The customer’s reference number is __________.Section 4 ：Writing (20 Mins)___________________________________________________________You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The government’s funds should be invested in teaching science rather than other subjects so as to help a country make progress and develop.To what extent do you agree or disagreeGive reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 150 words.建议栏学生问题课程规划。
雅思入学测试及答案
里昂学院入学测试卷（雅思）（满分：100分/时间：30分钟）姓名：学校：电话：Part 1 Vocabulary单词释义(每题2分，共20分）1.Involve ___________2. Be associated with __________3. Subject___________4. Priority ________________5. Cause______________6. Generation _____________7. Poverty_____________ 8. Sophisticated _____________9. Breed________________ 10.Feature _________________同义词连线（每题2分，共20分）11. Spot inaccessible12. Surroundings keep13. Constrain alter14.Boost percentage15.Assess enhance16.Isolate limit17.Maintain estimate18.Change rudimentary19.Fundamental discover20.Proportion environmentPart 2 ReadingPassage one（每题3分，共15分）One example of self-medication was discovered in 1987. Michael Huffman and Mohamedi Seifu, working in the Mahale Mountains National Park in Tanzania, noticed that local chimpanzees suffering from intestinal worms would dose themselves with pith of a plant called Veronia. This plant produces poisonous chemicals called terpenes. Its pith contains a strong enough concentration to kill gut parasites, but not so strong as to kill chimps(nor people, for that matter; locals use the pith for the same purpose).Evidence for the detoxifying nature of clay came in 1999, from an experiment carried out on macaws by James Gilardi and his colleagues at the University of California, Davis, Macaws eat seeds containing alkaloids, a group of chemicals that has some notoriously toxic members such as strychnine. In the wild, the birds are frequently seen perched on eroding riverbanks eating clay.In 1972 Richard Wrangham, a researcher at the Gombe Stream Reserve in Tanzania, noticed that chimpanzees were eating the leaves of a tree called Aspilla. The chimps chose the leaves carefully by testing them in their mouths. Having chosen a leaf, a chimp would fold it into a fan and swallow it. Some of the chimps were noticedwrinkling their noses as they swallowed these leaves, suggesting the experience was unpleasant. Later, undigested leaves were found on the forest floor.It was Dr Huffman who got to the bottom of the problem. He did so by watching what came out of the chimps, rather than concentrating on what went in. He found that the egested l eaves were full of intestinal worms. The factor common to all 19 species of leaves swallowed by the chimps was that they were covered with microscopic hooks. These caught the worms and dragged them form their lodgings.Questions 21-25Complete t he notes below using NO MORE THAN ONE WORD OR NUMBER from the following paragraphsWrite your answers in boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet.Date Name Animal Food Mechanism1987 MichaelHuffman andMohanmediSeifu Chimpanzee 21______ofVeroniaContainedchemicals,22___, that cankill parasites1999 James Gilardiand hiscolleagues Macaw Seeds(contain23_____)andclayClaycan24____thepoisonouscontents infood1972 RichardWrang-ham Chimpanzee Leaves withtiny25_____onsurfaceSuch leavescan catch andexpel wormsfrom intestinesPassage two（每题3分，共15分）Sometimes ideas just pop up out of the blue. Or in Charlie Paton’s case, outof therain. “ I was in a bus in Morocco traveling through the desert,” he remembers. been raining and the bus was full of hot, wet people. The windows steamed up and Iwent to sleep with a towel against the glass. When I woke, the thing was soaking wet.I had to wring it out. And it set me thinking. Why was it so wet?”The answer, of course, was condensation. Back home in London, a physicistfriend, Philip Davies, explained that the glass, chilled by the rain outside, had cooledthe hot humid air inside the bus below its dew point, causing droplets of water to formon the inside of the window. Intrigued, Paton-a lighting engineer by profession-startedrigging up his own equipment. “I made my own solar stills. It occurred to me that you might be able to produce water in this way in the desert, simply by cooling the air. Iwondered whether you could make enough to irrigate fields and grow crops.”Today, a decade on, his dream has taken shape as giant greenhouse on a desertisland off Abu Dhabi in the Persian Gulf ---the first commercially viable Version ofhis “seawater greenhouse”.Questions 26-30Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this26. Paton came up with the idea of making water in desert by pure accident.27. the bus Paton rode in had poor ventilation because of broken fans.28. Paton woke up from sleep to discover that his towel was wet.29. Paton started his greenhouse project immediately after meeting up with his friend.30. Paton later opened his own business in the Persian Gulf.Part 3 WritingQuestion 31-36（每题5分，共30分）Translate the following phrases into English.31.推进/促进.....的发展32.采取措施33.减少负面影响34.随着失业率的高居不下35.老年人36.在贫困家庭长大的孩子能够更早的适应社会答案：Part11.包含，潜心于2.和…联系在一起，与…有关3.<n>主题，科目<adj>易于4.优先，优先权5.<n>原因<v>引起6.一代；产生7.贫困，困难8.复杂的，久经世故的9.繁殖，饲养10.特色，特征，容貌11 spot-discover 12 surrounding-environment 13 constrain-limit 14 boost-enhance 15 assess-estimate 16.isolate-inaccessible 17 maintain-keep 18 change-alter19 fundamental-rudimentary 20 proportion-percentagePart221. Pith 22 terpenes 23 alkaloids 24 detoxify 25 hooks26 TRUE27 NOT GIVEN 28 FALSE 29 FALSE 30 TRUEPart331. Promote the development of32. Take measures/steps33. Reduce the negative impact/effect34. As the unemployment rate remain high35. the aged; senior citizen; the elderly; old people36. Children who grow up in poor/needy family tend to be able to adapt to society earlier.。
雅思入学测试笔试试卷-普通卷
雅思入学测试笔试试卷IELTS Vocabulary IChoose the most suitable answer to complete the following sentences.1 It was not a serious accident; the car needs only some ___C_____ repairs.A majorB secondaryC minorD primary2 With the population explosion, scientists will have to ____C____ new methods of increasingthe world’s food supply.A lead toB carry outC come up withD stick to3 The airplane arrived one hour behind ____D____.A timetableB planC dateD schedule4 Television keeps us informed about ____A____ events and the latest developments inscience and politics.A currentB fashionableC brand-newD previous5 At the beginning of this semester, our history professor ____D____ a list of books for us toread.A singled outB fished outC passed outD made out6 The police investigation discovered that three young men were ___B_____ in the armed robbery.A caughtB involvedC connectedD tightened7 Only guests of the hotel enjoy the ____A____ of using the private beach.A privilegeB possibilityC favorD advantage8 The ____B____ power in this town has been decreasing because most young people haveleft for the bigger cities in the country.A shoppingB purchasingC enduringD spending9 I received a ____D____ parcel yesterday and I am still wondering who may have sent it.A sincereB dullC complicatedD mysterious10 It is the boy’s laziness that ___C_____ his failure in the exams.A resulted fromB brought inC resulted inD led into11 At the conference he expressed some personal views which later brought him into____C____ with the party leadership.A actionB crisisC conflictD power12 Don’t ____C____ to let me know if there is anything I can do for you.A rejectB preventC hesitateD refuse13 Unfortunately, very few sheep _____D___ the severe winter last year.A survivedB enduredC spentD remained alive14 They discussed the problem three times, but could come to no ____B____.A endB conclusionC resultD judgment15 No one has yet succeeded in explaining the ___A_____ of how life began.A problemB causeC puzzleD logicIELTS Vocabulary IIChoose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined part.16 Living on an isolated farm, they have not seen anybody for weeks on end.BA in the endB continuouslyC off and onD endlessly17 He claimed that he could create live fish out of chemicals.AA assertedB demandedC disagreedD thought18 That way of speaking is peculiar to people in this part of the country.CA strange toB odd toC characteristic ofD particular about19 Mrs.Jones identified the suspect by the scar on his face.BA recognizedB found outC discoveredD coincided20 What he is after is neither money nor fame, but the satisfactions of seeing his students grow up into useful builders of the society.AA in pursuit ofB looking afterC trying to doD advocating21 Foreigners can change their money into the local currency at this bank.AA transformB alterC varyD convert22 Do you really think that he is justified in receiving kickbacks in business dealings? DA has good reasons forB is inexcusable inC is privileged toD has legal protection in23 The company wanted to close down the railway line, but the local residents objected.CA rejectedB opposedC disregardedD defied24 Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.CA of little importanceB of critical importanceC necessaryD unnecessary25 We won the contract, but only through a lot of tough negotiations.DA violentB uncompromisingC roughD hardeningIELTS Reading Passage 1Welcome to Australia!Essential Information for TravelersThe Great OutdoorsAustralia is the world’s oldest continent and indigenous Australians have one of t he world’s oldest cultures.In Australia you will see unique plants and animals and some of the most beautiful scenery in the world.Many parks have information centers offering advice on where to go, what to see and how to see it –for both your personal safety and to protect our sensitive, natural environment. Banks and money mattersBanks are generally open between 9.30 and4.00pm on Monday to Thursday and 9.30 and5.00pm on Friday.Foreign currency or traveller’s cheques can be changed at all banks and some of the larger hotels.There are currency exchange facilities at all international airports.The SunTake care! Our sunlight is very strong and you can get sunburnt.For best sun protection, it is advisable to wear: ●broad brimmed hat●shirt with collar and sleeves●sun screen with high protection factor SwimmingWe have so many beautiful places to swim –beaches, lakes, rivers and creeks.●Many of our waters are safe for swimming,but if you have any doubts, ask beforeentering the water.●Most of our popular ocean beaches havepatrols with lifesaving service.Red andyellow flags mark the area that you areadvised to swim within.●If there are no flags and no lifeguards onthe beach, talk to local people about the best areas to swim.Staying safe on the roads●Australians drive on the LEFT hand sideof the road.●For safety, everyone in the car, includingchildren, must wear a seatbelt.●Motorcyclists and bicyclists are requiredto wear a helmet.Watch out for native animals crossing the roads, especially at night.Road signs are erected in places where animals are commonly seen.Have a wonderful time in Australia!Read the leaflet above and look at the statements below.Write:26 You are asked to take care of the fragile Australian environment. ____TRUE______27 You can always change money at the hotels. _____FALSE_____28 You run the greatest risk of sunburn at the beach. ____TRUE______29 You can only swim if there are lifeguards on the beach. _____FALSE_____30 Many native animals are killed on the roads at night. ____NOTGIVEN____31 It is illegal to ride a bicycle without wearing a helmet. ____TRUE______IELTS Reading Passage 2UNIVERSITY SERVICESEssential information for studentsReading Passage 2 has six paragraphs A ~ F.From the list of headings below choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph.32 Paragraph B ___III_____33 Paragraph C ____VII____34 Paragraph D ___IV_____ 35 Paragraph E ____V____36 Paragraph F ___VIII_____37 Paragraph G ___I_____ Rearrange the words below to make a sentence.(连词成句)38 mistakenly, Medicare, long-term chronic care, many people, believe, that, coversMany people mistakenly believe that Medicare covers long-term chronic care.39 economic recession, Australia, has, experienced, unemployed, many people, making, a,seriousAustralia has experienced a serous economic recession which making many people unemployed.40 exercise, steady and regular, beneficial, is, verySteady and regular exercise is very beneficial.。
雅思入学测试试卷（真题版）
IELTS Entry Test Paper启德雅思部雅思入学测试试卷雅思入学测试考试日期： 6 考生姓名：6ListeningSECTION 1Questions1-10Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.NOTES - Christmas DinnerExample AnswerName to book for ...45...........................Date of dinner: 21 DecemberChoices for venue:·First choice 1........................... Tel. number: not known·Second choice 2........................... Tel. number: 777192·Third choice 3........................... Tel. number: 4........................Price per person: ￡12Restaurant must have vegetarian food and a 5...........................Menu: First course - French Onion Soup OR Fruit JuiceMain course - Roast Dinner OR 6...........................Dessert - Plum Pudding OR Apple Pie- CoffeeRestaurant requires from us:7........................... and letter of confirmationand we must 8........................... in advance.Must confirm in writing by: 9...........................Put notice in 10................................................SECTION2Questions11-20Questions 11-13Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.MEMBERSHIP OF SPORTS CENTRECost 11 £.........................per12......................Where? 13..........................When? 2 to 6 pm, Monday to ThursdayBring: Union cardPhotoFeeQuestions 14-16Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Always bring sports 14...............................when you come to 15...................or use the Centre'sfacilities.Opening hours 9 am to 10 pm on 16......................10 am to 6 pm on Saturdays50% 'morning discount' 9 am to 12 noon on weekdaysQuestions 17-20Look at the map of the Sports Complex below.Label the buildings on the map of the Sports Complex.Choose your answers from the box below and write them against Questions 17-20.Arts StudioFootball PitchTennis CourtsDance StudioFitness RoomReceptionSquash CourtsSECTION3Questions21-30Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR NUMBER for each answer.YOUNG ELECTRONICENGINEER COMPETITION Name(s) of designer(s): John Brown21 ...........................Age: 22...........................Name of design: 23................................................................................Dimensions of equipment: 24Width Length Depth...........................cm ...........................cm ...........................cmPower: BatterySpecial features: 25...................................................................................26...................................................................................27...................................................................................Cost: parts $528....................... $9.50Other comments: need help to make 29...........................would like to develop range of sizesSend by: 30...........................SECTION4Questions31-40Questions 31-33Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer."NEW" MEAT CAN BE COMPARED TO PROBLEM kangaroo 31........................... 32...........................crocodile chicken fattyostrich 33...........................Questions 34-36Complete the cable belowWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Questions 37-40Choose the correct letters A-C.37 Ostrich meatA has more protein than beef.B tastes nearly as good as beef.C is very filling.38 One problem with ostrich farming in Britain isA the climate.B the cost of transporting birds.C the price of ostrich eggs.39 Ostrich chicks reared on farmsA must be kept in incubators until mature.B are very independent.C need looking after carefully.40 The speaker suggests ostrich farms are profitable becauseA little initial outlay is required.B farmed birds are very productive.C there is a good market for the meat.ReadingREADING PASSAGE1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-12 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.THE DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOGRARHYThe Department of Ethnography was created as a separate department within the British Museum in 1946, after 140 years of gradual development from the original Department of Antiquities. It is concerned with the people of Africa, the Americas, Asia, the pacific and parts of Europe. While this includes complex kingdoms, as in Africa, and ancient empires, such as those of the twentieth century focus of attention in the twentieth century has been on small-scale societies. Through its collections, the Department's specific interest is to document how objects are created and used, and to understand their importance and significance to those who produce them. Such objects can include both the extraordinary and the mundane, the beautiful and the banal.The collections of the Department of Ethnography include approximately 300,000 artefacts, of which about half are the product of the present century. The Department has a vital role to play in pro- viding information on non-Western cultures to visitors and scholars. To this end, the collecting emphasis has often been less on individual objects than on groups of mate- rang of a society's cultural expressions. Much of the more recent collecting was carried out in the field, sometimes by Museum staff working on general anthropological projects in collaboration with a wide variety of national governments and other institutions. The material collected includes great technical series-for instance, of textiles from Bolivia. Guatemala, Indonesia and areas of West Africa-or of artefact types such as boats. The latter include working examples of coracles from India, reed boats from lake Titicaca in the Andes, kayaks from the Arctic, and dug-out canoes from several countries. The field assemblages, such as those from the Sudan, Madagascar and Yemen, include a whole range of material culture representative of one people. The might cover the necessities of life of an African herdsman or on Arabian farmer, ritual objects, or even on occasion airport art, Again, a series of acquisitions might represent a decade's fieldwork documenting social experience as expressed in the varieties of clothing and jewellery styles, tents and camel trappings from various Middle Eastern countries, or in the developing preferences in personal adornment and dress from Papua New Guinea. Particularly interesting are a series of collections which continue to document the evolution of ceremony and of material forms for which the Department already possesses early (if not the earliest) collections formed after the first contact with Europeans.The importance of these acquisitions extends beyond the objects themselves. They come to the Museum with documentation of the social context, ideally inc luding photographic records. Such acquisitions have multiple purposes. Most significantly they document for future change. Most people think of the cultures represented in the collection in terms of the absence of advanced technology. in fact. traditional practices draw on a continuing wealth of technological ingenu iry Limited resources and ecological constraints are often overcome by personal skills that would be regarded as exceptional in the West. Of growing interest is the way in which much of what we might see as disposable is, elsewhere, recycled and reused.With the independence of much of Asia and Africa after 1945. it was assumed that economic progress would rapidly lead to the disappearance or assimilation of many small-scale societies. Therefore, it was felt that the Museum should acquire materials representing people whose art or material culture, ritual or political structures were on the point of irrevocable change. This attitude altered with the realisation that marginal communities can survive and adopt in spite of partial integration into a notoriously fickle world economy. Since the seventeenth century, with the advent of trading companies exporting manufactured textiles to North America and Asia, the importation of cheap goods has often contributed to the destruction of local skills and indigenous markets. On the one hand modem imported goods may be used in on everyday setting, while on the other hand. other traditional objects may still be required for ritually significant events. Within this context trade and exchange attitudes are inverted. What are utilitarian objects to a Westerner may be prizedobjects in other cultures- when trans- formed by local ingenuity-principally for aesthetic value. in the same way, the West imports goods form other peoples and in certain circumstances categorises the m as ‘art'.Collections act as an ever-expanding database, not merely for scholars and anthropologists, but for people involved in a whole range of educational and art is tic purposes. These include schools and universities as well as colleges of art and design. The provision of information about non-Western aesthetics and techniques, not just for designers and artists but for all visitors, is a growing responsibility for a Department whose own context is an increasingly multicultural European society.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passageExample AnswerThe Department of Ethnography FALSEreplaced the Department of Antiquitiesat the British Museum.1 The twentieth-century collections come mainly from mainstream societies such as the US and Europe.2 The Department of Ethnography focuses mainly on modern societies.3 The Department concentrates on collecting single unrelated objects of great value.4 The textile collection of the Department of Ethnography is the largest in the world.5 Traditional societies are highly inventive in terms of technology.6 Many small-scale societies have survived and adapted in spite of predictions to the contrary.Questions 7-12Some of the exhibits at the Department of Ethnography are listed below (Questions 7-12).The writer gives these exhibits as examples of different collection types.Match each exhibit with the collection type with which it is associated in Reading Passage 1.Write the appropriate letters in boxes 7-12 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any collection type more than once.Collection TypesAT A rtefact T ypesEC E volution of C eremonyFA F ield A ssemblagesSE S ocial E xperienceTS T echnical S eriesExample AnswerBoats AT7 Bolivian textiles8 Indian coracles9 airport art10 Arctic kayaks11 necessities of life of an Arabian farmer12 tents from the Middle EastREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 13-25 which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 13-15Reading Passage 2 has six sections A-F.Choose the most suitable headings for sections A, B and D from the list of headings below.Write the appropriate numbers i-vii in boxes 13-15 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Amazonia as unable to sustain complexsocietiesii The role of recent technology in ecologicalresearch in Amazoniaiii The hostility of the indigenous populationto North American influencesiv Recent evidencev Early research among the Indian Amazonsvi The influence of prehistoric inhabitants onAmazonian natural historyvii The great difficulty of changing localattitudes and practices13 Section A14 Section BExample AnswerSection C iv15 Section DSecrets of the ForestA In 1942 Allan R Holmberg, a doctoral student in anthropology from Yale University, USA, ventured deep into the jungle of Bolivian Amazonia and searched out an isolated band of Siriono Indians. The Siriono, Holmberg later wrote, led a "strikingly backward" existence. Their villages were little more than clusters of thatched huts. Life itself was a perpetual and punishing search for food: some families grew manioc and other starchy crops in small garden plots cleared from the forest, while other members of the tribe scoured the country for small game and promising fish holes. When local resources became depleted, the tribe moved on. As for technology, Holmberg noted, the Siriono "may be classified among the most handicapped peoples of the world". Other than bows, arrows and crude digging sticks, the only tools the Siriono seemed to possess were "two machetes worn to the size of pocket-knives".B Although the lives of the Siriono have changed in the intervening decades, the image of them as Stone Age relics has endured. Indeed, in many respects the Siriono epitomize the popular conception of life in Amazonia. To casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of Amazonia seem ageless, unconquerable,a habitat totally hostile to human civilization. The apparent simplicity of Indian ways of life has been judged an evolutionary adaptation to forest ecology, living proof that Amazonia could not - and cannot - sustain a more complex society. Archaeological traces of far more elaborate cultures have been dismissed as the ruins of invaders from outside the region, abandoned to decay in the uncompromising tropical environment.C The popular conception of Amazonia and its native residents would be enormously consequential if it were true. But the human history of Amazonia in the past 11,000 years betrays that view as myth. Evidence gathered in recent years from anthropology and archaeology indicates that the region has supported a series of indigenous cultures for eleven thousand years; an extensive network of complex societies - some with populations perhaps as large as 100,000 - thrived there for more than 1,000 years before the arrival of Europeans. (Indeed, some contemporary tribes, including the Siriono, still live among the earthworks of earlier cultures.) Far from being evolutionarily retarded, prehistoric Amazonian people developed technologies and cultures that were advanced for their time. If the lives of Indians today seem "primitive", the appearance is not the result of some environmental adaptation or ecological barrier; rather it is a comparatively recent adaptation to centuries of economic and political pressure. Investigators who argue otherwise have unwittingly projected the present onto the past.D The evidence for a revised view of Amazonia will take many people by surprise. Ecologists have assumed that tropical ecosystems were shaped entirely by natural forces and they have focused their research on habitats they believe have escaped human influence. But as the University of Florida ecologist, Peter Feinsinger, has noted, an approac h that leaves people out of the equation is no longer tenable. The archaeological evidence shows that the natural history of Amazonia is to a surprising extent tied to the activities of its prehistoric inhabitants.E The realization comes none too soon. In June 1992 political and environmental leaders from across the world met in Rio de Janeiro to discuss how developing countries can advance their economies without destroying their natural resources. The challenge is especially difficult in Amazonia. Because the tropical forest has been depicted as ecologically unfit forlarge-scale human occupation, some environmentalists have opposed development of any kind. Ironically, one major casualty of that extreme position has been the environment itself. While policy makers struggle to define and implement appropriate legislation, development of the most destructive kind has continued apace over vast areas.F The other major casualty of the "naturalism" of environmental scientists has been the indigenous Amazonians, whose habits of hunting, fishing, and slash-and-burn cultivation often have been represented as harmful to the habitat. In the clash between environmentalists and developers, the Indians, whose presence is in fact crucial to the survival of the forest, have suffered the most. The new understanding of the pre-history of Amazonia, however, points toward a middle ground. Archaeology makes clear that with judicious management selected parts of the region could support more people than anyone thought before. The long-buried past, it seems, offers hope for the future.Questions 16-21Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 16-21 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about thisExample AnswerThe prehistoric inhaditants of NOAmazonia were relatively backward intechnological terms.16 The reason for the simplicity of the Indian way of life is that Amazonia has always been unable to support a more complex society.17 There is a crucial popular misconception about the human history of Amazonia.18 There are lessons to be learned from similar ecosystems in other parts of the world.19 Most ecologists were aware that the areas of Amazonia they were working in had been shaped by human settlement.20 The indigenous Amazonian Indians are necessary to the well-being of the forest.21 It would be possible for certain parts of Amazonia to support a higher population.Questions 22-25Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 22-25 on your answer sheet.22 In 1942 the US anthropology student concluded that the SirionoA were unusually aggressive and cruel.B had had their way of life destroyed by invaders.C were an extremely primitive society.D had only recently made permanent settlements.23 The author believes recent discoveries of the remains of complex societies in AmazoniaA are evidence of early indigenous communities.B are the remains of settlements by invaders.C are the ruins of communities established since the European invasions.D show the region has only relatively recently been covered by forest.24 The assumption that the tropical ecosystem of Amazonia has been created solely by natural forcesA has often been questioned by ecologists in the past.B has been shown to be incorrect by recent research.C was made by Peter Feinsinger and other ecologists.D has led to some fruitful discoveries.25 The application of our new insights into the Amazonian past wouldA warn us against allowing any development at all.B cause further suffering to the Indian communities.C change present policies on development in the region.D reduce the amount of hunting, fishing, and 'slash-and-burn'.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 26-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.HIGHS & LOWSHormone levels - and hence our moods - may be affected by the weather. Gloomy weather can cause depression, but sun- shine appears to raise the spirits. In Britain, for example, the dull weather of winter drastically cuts down the amount of sunlight that is experienced which strongly affects some people. They become so depressed and lacking in energy that their work and social life are affected. This condition has been given the name SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder), Sufferers can fight back by making the most of any sunlight in winter and by spending a few hours each day under special, full-spectrum lamps. These provide more ultraviolet and blue- green light than ordinary fluorescent and tungsten lights. Some Russian scientists claim that children learn better after being exposed to ultraviolet light. In warm countries, hours of work are of ten arranged so that workers can take a break, or even a siesta, during the hottest part of the day. Scientists are working to discover the links between the weather and human beings' moods and performance.It is generally believed that tempers grow shorter in hot, muggy weather. There is no doubt that 'crimes against the person' rise in the summer, when the weather is hotter and fall in the winter when the weather is colder. Research in the United States has shown a relation- ship between temperature and street riots. The frequency of riots rises dramatically as the weather gets warmer, hitting a peak around 27-30~C. But is this effect really due to a mood change caused by the heat? Some scientists argue that trouble starts more Often in hot weather merely because there are more people in the street when the weather is good.Psychologists have also studied how being cold affects performance. Re- searchers compared divers working in icy cold water at 5~C with others in water at 20~C (about swimming pool temperature). The colder water made the divers worse at simple arithmetic and other mental tasks. But significantly, their performance was impaired as soon as they were put into the cold water - before their bodies had time to cool down. This suggests that the low temperature did not slow down mental functioning directly, but the feeling of cold distracted the divers from their tasks.Psychologists have conducted studies showing that people become less secptical and more optimistic when the weather is sunny. However, this apparently does not just depend on the temperature. An American psychologist studied customers in a temperature- controlled restaurant. They gave bigger tips when the sun was shining and smaller tips when it wasn't, even though the temperature in the restaurant was the same. Alink between weather and mood is made believable by the evidence for a connection between behaviour and the length of the daylight hours. This in turn might involve the level of a hormone called melatonin, produced in the pineal gland in the brain. The amount of melatonin falls with greater exposure to daylight. Research shows that melatonin plays an important part in the seasonal behaviour of certain animals. For example, food consumption of stags increases during the winter, reaching a peak in February/ March. It falls again to a low point in May, then rises to a peak in September, before dropping to another minimum in November. These changes seem to be triggered by varying melatonin levels.In the laboratory, hamsters put on more weight when the nights are getting shorter and their melatonin levels are falling. On the other hand, if they are given injections of melatonin, they will stop eating altogether. It seems that time cues provided by the changing lengths of day and night trigger changes in animals' behaviour - changes that are needed to cope with the cycle of the seasons. People's moods too, have been shown to react to the length of the day- light hours. Sceptics might say that longer exposure to sunshine puts people in a better mood because they associate it with the happy feelings of holidays and freedom from responsibility, However, the belief that rain and murky weather make people more unhappy is borne out by a study in Belgium, which showed that a telephone counselling service gets more telephone calls from people with suicidal feelings when it rains.When there is a thunderstorm brewing, some people complain of the air being 'heavy' and of feeling irritable, moody and on edge. They may be reacting to the fact that the air can become slightly positively c harged when large thunderclouds are generating the intense electrical fields that cause lightning flashes. The positive charge increases the levels of serotonin (a chemical involved in sending signals in the nervous system). High levels of serotonin in certain areas of the nervous system make people more active and reactive and, possibly, more aggressive. When certain winds are blowing, such as the Mistral in southern France and the Fshn in southern Germany, mood can be affected - and the number of traffic accidents rises. It may be significant that the concentration of positively charged particles is greater than normal in these winds. In the United Kingdom, 400,000 ionizers are sold every year. These small machines raise the number of negative ions in the air in a room. Many people claim they feel better in negatively charged air.Questions 26-28Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 26-28 on your answer sheet.26 Why did the divers perform less well in colder conditions?A They were less able to concentrate.B Their body temperature fell too quickly.C Their mental functions were immediately affected by the cold.D They were used to swimming pool conditions.27 The number of daylight hoursA affects the performance of workers in restaurants.B influences animal feeding habits.C makes animals like hamsters more active.D prepares humans for having greater leisure time.28 Human irritability may be influenced byA how nervous and aggressive people are.B reaction to certain weather phenomena.C the number of ions being generated by machines.D the attitude of people to thunderstorms.Questions 29-34Do the following statements agree with the information in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 29-34 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage29 Seasonal Affective Disorder is disrupting children's education in Russia.30 Serotonin is an essential cause of human aggression.31 Scientific evidence links 'happy associations with weather' to human mood.32 A link between depression and the time of year has been established.33 Melatonin levels increase at certain times of the year.34 Positively charged ions can influence eating habits.Questions 35-37According to the text which THREE of the following conditions have been scientifically proved to have a psychological effect on humans?Choose THREE letters A-G and write them in boxes 35-37 on your answer sheet,A lack of negative ionsB rainy weatherC food consumptionD high serotonin levelsE sunny weatherF freedom from worryG lack of counselling facilitiesQuestions 38-40Complete each of the following statements with the best ending from the box below.Write the appropriate letters A-G in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.38 It has been established that social tension increases significantly in the United States I during ...39 Research has shown that a hamster's bodyweight increases according to its exposure to...40 Animals cope with changing weather and food availability because they are influenced by...A daylightB hot weatherC melatoninD moderate temperaturesE poor co-ordinationF time cuesG impaired performanceWritingWRITING TASK1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in developing and industrialised countries in 1980 and 1990.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.You should write at least 150 words._________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________。
雅思入学测试卷
1.本分级测试主要检测学生英语水平和语言能力，为英语教学分班提供依据，也为教师教学提供参考，望同学们认真答题，体现自己真实水平。
2. 本测试时长共60分钟，测试对速度有一定要求，同学们可合理分配答题时间。
（单词：15分钟；语法：20分钟；听力：10分钟；阅读：15分钟）3.听力题目请用耳机收听，直接扫描二维码即可。
4. 请将所有答案（除单词题）写在最后一页答题纸上。
A1drive (v.) ________________ among (prep.) ________________ plant (n.) ________________ bottom (n.) ________________ doctor (n.) ________________A2appointment (n.) ________________ attractive (adj.) ________________ classical (adj.) ________________ prepare (v.) ________________ repair (v.) ________________B1ambition (n.) ________________ antique (adj.) ________________ complain (v.) ________________ decrease (v.) ________________ interrupt (v.) ________________B2abolish (v.) ________________ confusion (n.) ________________ indicate (v.) ________________ exotic (adj.) ________________ submit (v.) ________________C1declaration (n.) ________________ collaborate (v.) ________________ hospitality (n.) ________________ deteriorate (v.) ________________ discriminate (v.) ________________A1工厂(名) ________________博物馆（名）________________吸烟（动）________________年轻的（形）________________重要的（形）________________A2音乐会（名）________________沙漠（名）________________视频（名）________________秘书（名）________________对面的（介）________________B1申请（动）________________典型的（形）________________合同（名）________________文学（名）________________普通的（形）________________B2民主（名）________________无辜的（形）________________心理学（名）________________终点站（名）________________神秘的（形）________________C1保守的,守旧的（形）________________ 透支（名）________________ 分离的, 孤立的（形）________________ 征服, 战胜（动）________________ 业余爱好者（名）________________三．语法部分（共30个题，30分）A11. What is the superlative form of fat?A. fattiestB. the fattestC. fattest2. Which sentence is correct?A. This bread are delicious.B. These bread are delicious.C. This bread is delicious.3. Simon and Emma ____ going to get married.A. don’tB. isn’tC. aren’t4. Arnold Schwarzenegger was born ____ Austria.A in B. at C. from5. Which sentence is NOT correct?A. We went to Turkey in June.B. Let’s go the cinema in the weekend.C. I’ll finish the work in the morning.A26. Which sentence is NOT correct?A. They ran quickly.B. We worked hardly.C. The boys slept heavily.7. Which sentence is correct?A. I can’t to see you today.B. My parents can come to the party.C. We can visiting you at the weekend.8. If you ____ careful, you will have an accident.A. won'tB. won't beC. aren't9. I’ve decided to ____ up swimming.A. getB. takeC. look10. Which sentence is correct?A. I’ve seen that film before.B. I’ve see that film before.C. I’ve saw that film before.B111. What would you do if there _____ an earthquake?A. wereB. would beC. could be12. The mountain ____ we climbed yesterday was the highest mountain in Britain!A. whatB. whereC. which13. Which sentence is correct?A. I never use to like cabbage.B. I didn’t used to like cabbage.C. I didn’t use to like cabbage.14. The manager won’t give Kevin his job back, _____ he gets on his knees and begs!A. as long asB. in caseC. even if15. _____ the Internet is of great help, I do not think it is a good idea to spend too much time on it.A. IfB. WhileC. As16. On _______ of the school, I’d like to welcome you all.A. behalfB. chargeC. delight17. She failed to call the office to _______ her appointment.A.greetB. missC. cancel18. He would much ______ it if you could do him the favor.A. awardB. appreciateC. anticipate19. The manager has to be _________ because he could not keep his promise.A. replacedB. pastedC. frightened20. The tree, the branches _________ are almost bare, is a very old one.A. in whichB. of whichC. whichB221. I wish I ____ come to the zoo with you next weekend, but I’m going to be busy.A. willB. hadC. could22. Friendship is needed by all, ___________ plays an important role in people’s lives.A. whichB. thatC. who23. Great changes have taken place in the place __________ we are working since then.A. whereB. thatC. which24. _______ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.A. ThoseB. WhichC. What25. The company has the ______ right to print Mr. Dare’s books.A. virtualB. exclusiveC. flexible26. The bus ________ with the truck on the highway last night.A. unitedB. vanishedC. collided27. The street was ____________ by the police for fear that there was a bomb.A. deceivedB. damagedC. blocked28. At that time work was mainly ______ to slaves in that society.A. blamedB. restrictedC. expected29. It is believed that _______ spending will certainly lead to the bankrupt.A. naturalB. mysteriousC. excessive30. The guests are often very well _________ by the host in that city.A. recoveredB. refreshedC. entertained四．听力部分Listening （共10个题，10分）Questions 1-5Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDSAND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.HOTELBooking FormExample AnswerArrival date: 23rd AugustLength of stay: 1...........................Type of accommodation: 2..........................Name: Mr and Mrs 3 ........................ and children Address: 29 Tower Heights.Dunbar4.............................................Postcode: EH41 2GKContact telephone:5...........................................Purpose of trip:holidayQuestions 6-10Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Tourist BoardQuestions for holidaymakersFavourite activity: 6 ...............................Beaches: busy but 7 .........................Shop staff:are sometimes8 ..........................Waiters: 9......................... a nd quickSuggestions: need some 10 .........................for hire五．阅读部分Reading （共10个题，10分）William KamkwambaAt only 14 years old, William Kamkwamba built a series of windmills that could generate electricity in his African village, Masitala, in Makawi, south-eastern Africa.In 2002,William Kamkwamba had to drop out ofschool, as his father, a maize and tobacco farmer,could no longer afford his school fees. But despite thissetback, William was determined to get his education.He began visiting a local library that had just openedin his old primary school, where he discovered atattered science book. With only a rudimentary graspof English, he taught himself basic physics-mainly byStudying photos and diagrams. Another book hefound there featured windmills on the cover andinspired him to try and build his own.He started by constructing a small model. Then, with the help of a cousin and friend, he spent many weeks searching scrap yards and found old tractor fans, shock absorbers, plastic pipe and bicycle parts, which he used to build the real thing.For windmill blades, William cut some bath pipe in two lengthwise, then heated the pieces over hot coals to press the curled edges flat. To bore holes into the blades, he stuck a nail through half a corncob, heated the metal red and twisted it through the blades. It took three hours to repeatedly heat the nail and bore the holes. He attached the blades to a tractor fan using proper nuts and bolts and then to the back axle of a bicycle. Electricity was generated through the bicycle dynamo. When the wind blew the blades, the bike chain spun the bike wheel, which charged the dynamo and sent a current through wire to his house.What he had built was a crude machine that produced 12 volts and powered four lights. When it was all done, the windmill’s wingspan measured more than eight feet and sat on top of a ricketytower 15 feet tall that swayed violently in strong gales. He eventually replaced the tower with a sturdier one that stands 39 feet, and built a second machine that watered a family garden.The windmill brought William Kamkwamba instant local fame, but despite his accomplishment, he was still unable to return to school. However, news of his magetsi a mphepo -electric wind -spread beyond Malawi, and eventually things began to change. An education official, who had heard news of the windmill, came to visit his village and was amazed to learn that William had been out of school for five years. He arrayed for him to attend secondary school at the government's expense and brought journalists to the farm to see the windmill. Then a story published in the Malawi Daily Mail caught the attention of bloggers, which in tum caught the attention of organizers for the Technology Entertainment and Design conference.In 2007, William spoke at the TED Global conference in Tanzania and got a standing ovation. Businessmen stepped forward with offers to fund his education and projects, and with money donated by them, he was able to put his cousin and several friends back into school and pay for some medical needs of his family. With the donation, he also drilled a borehole for a well and water pump in his village and installed drip irrigation in his father's fields.The water pump has allowed his family to expand its crops. They have abandoned tobacco and new grow maize, beans, soybeans, potatoes and peanuts. The windmills have also brought big lifestyle and health changes to the other villagers. 'The village has changed a lot,1 William says. 'Now, the time that they would have spent going to fetch water, they are using for doing other things. And also the water they are drinking is dean water, so there is less disease. The villagers have also stopped using kerosene and can use the money previously spent on fuel to buy other things.William Kamkwamba's example has inspired other children in the village to pursue science. William says they now see that if they put their mind to something, they can achieve it. 'It has changed the way people think,’ he says.Questions 1-5Complete the flow chart below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Building the WindmillWilliam learned some 1 .......... from a library book.First, he built a 2 ............. of the windmill.Then he collected materials from 3.............. with a relative.He made the windmill blades from pieces of 4. .............He fixed the blades to a 5 .............. and then to part of a bicycle.He raised the blades on a tower.Questions 6-10Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? WriteTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this6 William used the electricity he created for village transport.7 At first, William's achievement was ignored by local people.8 Journalists from other countries visited William’ farm.9 William used money he received to improve water supplies in his village.10 The health of the villagers has improved since the windmill was built.Placement Test for IELTS答题卡语法部分阅读部分1. 21. 1.2. 22. 2.3. 23. 3.4. 24. 4.5. 25. 5.6. 26. 6.7. 27. 7.8. 28. 8.9. 29. 9.10. 30. 10.11. 听力部分12. 1.13. 2.14. 3.15. 4.16. 5.17. 6.18. 7.19. 8.20. 9.10.11。
雅思入学测试
Section 1：Grammar (5 Mins)__________________________________________________________ _In this section, you will be given 5mins to do a multiple choice about grammar.1.I ............ want to be a practising doctor but now I’m moreinterested in research.A. was used toB. used toC. would2.I finished my essay yesterday but ............ it in to the tutor yet.A. I've givenB. I haven't givenC. I didn't give3.When I arrived, the lecture ............, so I didn't find it easy tofollow.A. startedB. had startedC. had been starting4.The government has released some ............ data showing how schoolsare not providing an adequate education to our children.A. shockingB. shockC. shocked5.The bookshop ............ the end of the road is excellent.A. atB. onC. in6.There were millions of people around the world ............ thefootball match live on television.A. watchedB. watchingC. were watching7.When you write your essays you ............ copy ideas from bookswithout referencing them properly.A. mustn'tB. don't have toC. have to8.What will you do if you ............ get a good IELTS scoreA. don'tB. didn'tC. won't9.If I didn't have to work tonight, ............ able to relax now.A. I’d beB. I’mC. I’ll be10.I wish that man ............ tapping his fingers on the table. It'sreally annoying me.A. stoppedB. had stoppedC. would stopSection 2：Reading Comprehension (15 Mins)__________________________________________________________ _In this section, you will be given 15mins to do a reading comprehensive, first you read this passage and then answer those questions.Crop-growing skyscrapersBy the year 2050, nearly 80% of the Earth’s population will live in urban centres. Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends, the human population will increase by about three billion people by then. An estimated 109 hectares of new land (about 20% larger than Brazil) will be needed to grow enough food to feed them, if traditional farming methods continue as they are practised today. At present, throughout the world, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use. Historically, some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices. What can be done to ensure enough food for the world’s population to live onThe concept of indoor farming is not new, since hothouse production of tomatoes and other produce has been in vogue for some time. What is new is the urgent need to scale up this technology to accommodate another three billion people. Many believe an entirely new approach to indoor farming is required, employing cutting-edge technologies. One such proposal is for the ‘Vertical Farm’.The concept is of multi-storey buildings in which food crops are grown in environmentally controlled conditions. Situated in the heart of urban centres, they would drastically reduce the amount of transportationrequired to bring food to consumers. Vertical farms would need to be efficient, cheap to construct and safe to operate. If successfully implemented, proponents claim, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming.It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for granted. Along the way, we despoiled most of the land we worked, often turning verdant, natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts. Within that same time frame, we evolved into an urban species, in which 60% of the human population now lives vertically in cities. This means that, for the majority, we humans have shelter from the elements, yet we subject our food-bearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and can do no more than hope for a good weather year. However, more often than not now, due to a rapidly changing climate, that is not what happens. Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops.The supporters of vertical farming claim many potential advantages for the system. For instance, crops would be produced all year round, as they would be kept in artificially controlled, optimum growing conditions. There would be no weather-related crop failures due to droughts, floods or pests. All the food could be grown organically, eliminating the need for herbicides, pesticides and fertilisers. The system would greatly reduce the incidence of many infectious diseases that are acquired at theagricultural interface. Although the system would consume energy, it would return energy to the grid via methane generation from composting nonedible parts of plants. It would also dramatically reduce fossil fuel use, by cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and shipping.A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that the plants would require artificial light. Without it, those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight and grow more quickly, reducing the efficiency of the system. Singlestorey greenhouses have the benefit of natural overhead light: even so, many still need artificial lighting.A multi-storey facility with no natural overhead light would require far more. Generating enough light could be prohibitively expensive, unless cheap, renewable energy is available, and this appears to be rather a future aspiration than a likelihood for the near future.One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to grow plants in stacked trays that move on rails. Moving the trays allows the plants to get enough sunlight. This system is already in operation, and works well within a single-storey greenhouse with light reaching it from above: it is not certain, however, that it can be made to work without that overhead natural light.Vertical farming is an attempt to address the undoubted problems that we face in producing enough food for a growing population. At the moment,though, more needs to be done to reduce the detrimental impact it would have on the environment, particularly as regards the use of energy. While it is possible that much of our food will be grown in skyscrapers in future, most experts currently believe it is far more likely that we will simply use the space available on urban rooftops.Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Indoor farming1.Some food plants, including __________________, are already grownindoors.2.Vertical farms would be located in __________________, meaningthat there would be less need to take them long distances to customers.3.Vertical farms could use methane from plants and animals to produce__________________.4.The consumption of __________________ would be cut becauseagricultural vehicles would be unnecessary.5.The fact that vertical farms would need _______________ light isa disadvantage.6.One form of vertical farming involves planting in __________________which are not fixed.7.The most probable development is that food will be grown on_______________ in towns and cities.Section 3：Listening (15 Mins)__________________________________________________________ _Questions 1-6Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Questions 5 and 6Choose TWO letters A-E.Which two things are included of the tourA. fishing tripB. guided bushwalkC. reptile park entryD. table tennisE. tennisQuestions 7-10Complete the sentences belowWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.7. The tour costs $______8. Bookings must be made no late than __________ days in advance.9. A __________ deposit is required.10. The customer’s reference number is __________.Section 4：Writing (20 Mins)__________________________________________________________ _You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The government’s funds should be invested in teaching science rather than other subjects so as to help a country make progress and develop.To what extent do you agree or disagreeGive reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 150 words.____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________。
雅思入学测试试题
IELTS Entry Test Paper启德雅思部雅思入学测试试卷A.听力（满分9分）Task 1 Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Task 2SECTI0N 4(J5-T4-S4)Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.1During the first week of term, students are invited toA be shown round the library by the librarian.B listen to descriptions of library resources.C do an intensive course in the computer centre.2 The speaker warns the students thatA internet materials can be unreliable.B downloaded information must be acknowledged.C computer access may be limited at times.3The library is acquiring more CDs as a resource becauseA they are a cheap source of information.B they take up very little space.C they are more up to date than the reference books.4Students are encouraged to use journals online becauseA the articles do not need to be returned to the shelves.B reading online is cheaper than photocopying articles.C the stock of printed articles is to be reduced.5Why might some students continue to use reference books?A they can be taken away from the libraryB they provide information unavailable elsewhereC they can be borrowed for an extended loan period6 What is the responsibility of the Training Supervisor?A to supervise and support library staffB to provide orientation to the library facilitiesC to identify needs and inform section managersQuestions 7-10Which section of the university will help postgraduate students with their dissertations in thefollowing ways?A the postgraduate's own department or tutorB library staffC another section of the universityWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 37-40.7training in specialised computer programs ………………8 advising on bibliography presentation ………………9checking the draft of the dissertation ………………10providing language support ………………B. 阅读: （满分9分）Passage 1B For the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in precarious balance with one of the toughest environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct threat to their way of life. Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outside experts tell them what's happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are jealously guarding their hard-won autonomy in the country's newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. This is a challenge in itself.C The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert that's covered with snow for most of the year. V enture into this terrain and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home. Farming is out of the question and nature offers meagre pickings. Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish. The environment tested them to the limits: sometimes the colonists were successful, sometimes they failed and vanished. But around a thousand years ago one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing kayaks, sleds, dogs, pottery and iron tools. They are the ancestors of today's Inuit people.D Life for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh. Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometres of rock and ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole. It's currently home to 2,500 people, all but a handful of them indigenous Inuit. Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory's 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing. Provisions available in local shops have to be flown intoNunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the world, or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. It would cost a family around ￡7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat. Economic opportunities are scarce, and for many people state benefits are their only income. Questions1-6Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from paragraphs C and D for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 33-40 on your answer sheet.If you visit the Canadian Arctic, you immediately appreciate the problems faced by people for whom this is home. It would clearly be impossible for the people to engage in 1 ........................ as a means of supporting themselves. For thousands of years they have had to rely on catching 2........................ and 3 ........................ as a means of sustenance.The harsh surroundings saw many who tried to settle there pushed to their limits, although some were successful. The4 ........................ people were an example of the latter and for them the environment did not prove unmanageable. For the present inhabitants, life continues to be a struggle. The territory of Nunavut consists of little more than ice, rock and a few5 ......................... In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their6 ........................ lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on nature for their food and clothes imported produce is particularly expensive.Passage 2A Bullying can take a variety of forms, from the verbal-being taunted or called hurtful names-to the physical-being kicked or shoved as well as indirect forms, such as being excluded from social groups. A survey I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases was persistent. There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying, but these cases may be particularly recalcitrant.B Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare. Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.C Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. 'There is no bullying at this school' has been a common refrain, almost certainly untrue. Fortunately more schools are now saying: 'There is not much bullying here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it.'D Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain. For example the Scottish Council for Research in Education produced a package of materials, Action Against Bullying, circulated to all schools in England and Wales as well as in Scotland in summer 1992 with a second pack, Supporting Schools Against Bullying, produced the following year. InIreland, Guidelines on Countering Bullying Behaviour in Post-Primary Schools was published in 1993. Third there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something. This comes from carefully conducted 'before and after' evaluations of interventions in schools, monitored by a research team. In Norway, after an intervention campaign was introduced nationally, an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that, over a two-year period, bullying was halved. The Sheffield investigation, which involved sixteen primary schools and seven secondary schools, found that most school s succeeded in reducing bullying.Questions 7-10Choose the correct letter,A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 31-34 on your answer sheet.7 A recent survey found that in British secondary schoolsA there was more bullying than had previously been the case.B there was less bullying than in primary schools.C cases of persistent bullying were very common.D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.8 Children who are bulliedA are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average person.B find it more difficult to relate to adults.C are less likely to be violent in later life.D may have difficulty forming relationships in later life.9 The writer thinks that the declaration 'There is no bullying at this school'A is no longer true in many schools.B was not in fact made by many schools.C reflected the school's lack of concern.D reflected a lack of knowledge and resources.10 What were the findings of research carried out in Norway?A Bullying declined by 50% after an anti-bullying campaign.B Twenty-one schools reduced bullying as a result of an anti-bullying campaign.C Two years is the optimum length for an anti-bullying campaign.D Bullying is a less serious problem in Norway than in the UK.C. 简要观点写作（60-100 words，满分9分）How can each individual take some actions to solve environmental problems?D.口语（满分9分）（内容略）。
雅思40分钟入学试卷
环球雅思入学测试题词汇与语法知识（共 20 小题，每小题 2 分）1 ．Paris is_A___ very beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel T ower.A ．a; theB ．a; 不填C ．the; aD ．不填;the2 ．----Are you familiar with the music?----Y es.There was a time_B___this kindof music was quite popular.A．thatB．whenC ．with whichD ．about which3 ．They are good friends ._D___is no wonder that they know each other so well.A ．ThisB ．ThatC ．ThereD ．It4 ．----Was Tomthere whenyouarrived?----Yes, but he _D___home soon afterwards.A ．had goneB ．has goneC ．is goingD ． went5 ．---- You must phone us every week.----Yes , I_C___.A ．mustB ．have toC ．willD ．should6 ．----What are you going to do this afternoon?----I'll probably go for a walk _A___it stays fine.A ．as far asB ． so long asC ． even ifD ． as if7 ．I had to __C__because someone else wanted to use the phone.A ．give upB ． put upC ． hang upD ． ring up8 ．A terrible thought suddenly_A___ me----had anyone broken into the house?A ．struckB ．beatC．knockedD．a t acked9 ．Maria has to baby-sit ． That's _A___she can't come out with us.A ．whyB ．howC ． whenD ． what10 ．You can buy these maps at __B__railway station. They all have them.A ．allB ．anyC ．everyD ．each11．The Yellow River,_C___to be t“he mother river”,runs across China like ahuge dragon.A ．sayingB ． to sayC ． saidD ． being said12 ．What color is it _D___you have painted your house?A ． whatB ． whereC ． whichD ． that13 ． ---- __B__your car here, or you've got to be fined.----But where on earth can I park?A ．ParkB ．Don'tparkC ．ParkingD ． Not parking14 ．---- Shall I buy this book for Tim?----__D__. He might already have it.A．I don'tagreeB ．NoproblemC ．Youcan'tdothatD．You'dbe t er not15. Nobody knew __A_____ there.A. how long time I had beenB. how long had I beenC. how long time had I beenD.how longI hadbeen16. ___C____, I am sure that he is honest.A. No matter people sayB. What people sayC. Whatever people sayD. It doesn’t matter people say17. Eat less food ____B___ you want to put on weight .A. ifB. unlessC. untilD. as soonas18. I shall be surprised if he does this the same way ___A____ I do .A. asB. likeC. whichD. what19. He always talks ___B____ he had been to outer space.A. likeB. as if /thoughC. because ofD. as20. __A____ he finished his work , he left hurriedly.A. As soon asB. As ifC. UnlessD. Inorder that短文改错（共10小题,每小题2分）此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。
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雅思入学测试笔试试卷Vocabulary IChoose the most suitable answer to complete the following sentences.1 It was not a serious accident; the car needs only some ________ repairs.A majorB secondaryC minorD primary2 With the population explosion, scientists will have to ________ new methods of increasing theworld’s food supply.A lead toB carry outC come up withD stick to3 The airplane arrived one hour behind ________.A timetableB planC dateD schedule4 Television keeps us informed about ________ events and the latest developments in scienceand politics.A currentB fashionableC brand-newD previous5 At the beginning of this semester, our history professor ________ a list of books for us toread.A singled outB fished outC passed outD made out6 The police investigation discovered that three young men were ________ in the armed robbery.A caughtB involvedC connectedD tightened7 Only guests of the hotel enjoy the ________ of using the private beach.A privilegeB possibilityC favorD advantage8 The ________ power in this town has been decreasing because most young people have leftfor the bigger cities in the country.A shoppingB purchasingC enduringD spending9 I received a ________ parcel yesterday and I am still wondering who may have sent it.A sincereB dullC complicatedD mysterious10 It is the boy’s laziness that ________ his failure in the exams.A resulted fromB brought inC resulted inD led into11 At the conference he expressed some personal views which later brought him into ________with the party leadership.A actionB crisisC conflictD power12 Don’t ________ to let me know if there is anything I can do for you.A rejectB preventC hesitateD refuse13 Unfortunately, very few sheep ________ the severe winter last year.A survivedB enduredC spentD remained alive14 They discussed the problem three times, but could come to no ________.A endB conclusionC resultD judgment15 No one has yet succeeded in explaining the ________ of how life began.A problemB causeC puzzleD logicVocabulary IIChoose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined part.16 Living on an isolated farm, they have not seen anybody for weeks on end.A in the endB continuouslyC off and onD endlessly17 He claimed that he could create live fish out of chemicals.A assertedB demandedC disagreedD thought18 That way of speaking is peculiar to people in this part of the country.A strange toB odd toC characteristic ofD particular about19 Mrs. Jones identified the suspect by the scar on his face.A recognizedB found outC discoveredD coincided20 What he is after is neither money nor fame, but the satisfactions of seeing his students grow up into useful builders of the society.A in pursuit ofB looking afterC trying to doD advocating21 Foreigners can change their money into the local currency at this bank.A transformB alterC varyD convert22 Do you really think that he is justified in receiving kickbacks in business dealings?A has good reasons forB is inexcusable inC is privileged toD has legal protection in23 The company wanted to close down the railway line, but the local residents objected.A rejectedB opposedC disregardedD defied24 Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.A of little importanceB of critical importanceC necessaryD unnecessary25 We won the contract, but only through a lot of tough negotiations.A violentB uncompromisingC roughD hardeningReading Passage 1Welcome to Australia!Essential Information for TravelersThe Great OutdoorsAustralia is the world’s oldest continent and indigenous Australians have one of the world’s oldest cultures.In Australia you will see unique plants and animals and some of the most beautiful scenery in the world. Many parks have information centers offering advice on where to go, what to see and how to see it – for both your personal safety and to protect our sensitive, natural environment.Banks and money mattersBanks are generally open between 9.30 and4.00pm on Monday to Thursday and 9.30 and5.00pm on Friday.Foreign currency or traveller’s cheques can be changed at all banks and some of the larger hotels. There are currency exchange facilities at all international airports. The SunTake care! Our sunlight is very strong and you can get sunburnt.For best sun protection, it is advisable to wear: ●broad brimmed hat●shirt with collar and sleeves●sun screen with high protection factor SwimmingWe have so many beautiful places to swim –beaches, lakes, rivers and creeks.●Many of our waters are safe for swimming,but if you have any doubts, ask beforeentering the water.●Most of our popular ocean beaches havepatrols with lifesaving service. Red andyellow flags mark the area that you areadvised to swim within.●If there are no flags and no lifeguards onthe beach, talk to local people about thebest areas to swim.Staying safe on the roads●Australians drive on the LEFT hand sideof the road.●For safety, everyone in the car, includingchildren, must wear a seatbelt.●Motorcyclists and bicyclists are requiredto wear a helmet.●Watch out for native animals crossing theroads, especially at night. Road signs are erected in places where animals are commonly seen.Have a wonderful time in Australia!Read the leaflet above and look at the statements below.Write:26 You are asked to take care of the fragile Australian environment. __________27 You can always change money at the hotels. __________28 You run the greatest risk of sunburn at the beach. __________29 You can only swim if there are lifeguards on the beach. __________30 Many native animals are killed on the roads at night. __________31 It is illegal to ride a bicycle without wearing a helmet. __________ Reading Passage 2UNIVERSITY SERVICESEssential information for studentsFor many courses in the University, the majority of your marks will be based on your written work. It is essential that you develop yourskills as a writer for the different disciplines in which you study. Most departments offer advice and guidelines onhow to present your written assignments but you should be aware that the requirements may vary from one department to another.There are two formal examination periods each year: first semester period beginning in June and the second semester period beginning in November. Additionally, individual departments may examine at other times and by various methods such as “ta ke-home” exams, assignments, oral and practical work, and so on.If you feel your performance in an examination has been adversely affected by illness or misadventure, you should talk to the course Co-ordinator in your department andcomplete an appropriate form. Eachcase isThe University has arrangements with universities throughout the United States, Canada, Europe and Asia. The schemes are open to undergraduate and postgraduate students and allow you to complete a semester or a year of your degree overseas. The results you gain are credited towards your degree at this university. This offers an exciting and challenging way of broadening your horizons and enriching your academic experience in a different environment andculture.Youth Allowance may be available to full-time students. Reimbursements of travel costs may also be available in some cases. Postgraduate research funds are offered for full-time study towards Masters by Research or PhD degrees. Theseare competitive and the closing date for applications is 31 October in the year prior to the one for which the funds are sought.Your student card, obtained on completion of enrolment, is proof that you are enrolled. Please take special care of it and carry it with you when you’re at the university. You may be asked to show it to staff at any time. This card is also your discount card and access card for the Students’ Union as well as allowing youaccess to the library.The Union provides opportunities for a wide range of activities, from the production of films and plays, to concerts and magazines, and even art and photo exhibitions. If you have a creative idea in mind, pick up a form ACCESS on Level 3, Wandsworth Building.Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs A ~ F.From the list of headings below choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph.32 Paragraph B ________33 Paragraph C ________34 Paragraph D ________ 35 Paragraph E ________36 Paragraph F ________37 Paragraph G ________Rearrange the words below to make a sentence. (连词成句)38 mistakenly, Medicare, long-term chronic care, many people, believe, that, covers39 economic recession, Australia, has, experienced, unemployed, many people, making, a,serious40 exercise, steady and regular, beneficial, is, very。