第2章 合同(Contract)【国际工程实务英语】
合同翻译
3. 本文（Body)
定义条款 （Definition clause) 基本条款（Basic conditions) 一般条款（General terms and conditions) 合同有效期限 （Duration) 终止 (Termination) 不可抗力 （Force Majeure) 合同的让与 （Assignment) 仲裁 （Arbitration) 适用法律 （governing law) 诉讼管辖 （Jurisdiction) 通知手续 （Notice) 合同的修改 （Amendment) 其他 （Others)
c. Should：在合同中通常只用来表示语气较弱的假设， 多翻译成“万一”或“如果”，极少译成“应该”。
返回章重点 退出
多用专业词汇
Translate the following terms into Chinese.
1. joint venture 合资企业 2． competitive advantage 竞争优势 3． bid project 竞投项目 4． fulfill obligation 履行义务 5. 50/50 split 平摊
2）Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Beijing. 甲方应将病人遣返中国，负责病人回到北京的旅费 （send back)。
国际工程合同英汉范本
国际工程合同英汉范本【合同标题】International Engineering Contract (IEC) / 国际工程合同【合同】第一部分：合同当事人甲方（arty A）： [公司名称]地址（Address）： [公司地址]代表人（Reresentative）： [法定代表人姓名]乙方（arty ）： [公司名称]地址（Address）： [公司地址]代表人（Reresentative）： [法定代表人姓名]第二部分：合同项目描述1. 项目名称（roject Name）： [具体项目名称]2. 项目地点（roject Location）： [项目实施的具体地点]3. 项目内容（Scoe of Work）： [详细描述项目的工作范围、目标和要求]4. 项目期限（Duration of roject）： [项目开始日期] 至 [项目结束日期]第三部分：合同金额合同总金额（Total Contract rice）： [货币单位及金额]支付方式（ayment Method）： [详细描述支付条件、方式及时限]第四部分：质量保证甲乙双方应确保所有工作符合[具体标准]的质量要求。
如发生质量问题，应按照合同约定进行处理。
第五部分：违约责任任何一方未能履行合同义务，应承担违约责任，并赔偿对方因此遭受的损失。
第六部分：争议解决合同执行过程中发生的任何争议，应首先通过友好协商解决；协商不成时，可提交至[指定仲裁机构]进行仲裁。
第七部分：其他条款包括但不限于保密协议、知识产权、法律适用等其他相关条款。
第八部分：签字页本合同一式两份，甲乙双方各执一份，自双方代表签字盖章之日起生效。
甲方代表（Reresentative of arty A）： __________签字日期（Date）： __________乙方代表（Reresentative of arty ）： __________签字日期（Date）： __________【结语】。
国际工程实务英语
国际工程实务英语国际工程实务英语（International Engineering Prac tice English）是专门用于国际工程项目管理与实施领域的英语应用技能。
它涵盖了从工程项目的规划、设计、建设、运营到维护等各个阶段的英语交流和沟通技能。
在国际工程项目中，英语通常是主要的沟通语言，因为它是一种国际通用语言，能够连接来自不同国家和地区的人员。
因此，对于从事国际工程领域的人员来说，掌握国际工程实务英语是非常重要的。
国际工程实务英语涉及的主要内容有：1.项目规划与策划：包括项目建议书、可行性研究报告、项目申请书等的撰写和沟通。
2.合同与招标：涉及合同谈判、招标文件编制、投标文件的撰写和评审等。
3.设计与施工：包括设计文件的审阅、技术规范的翻译、施工过程中的现场指导和交流等。
4.质量管理：包括质量标准的理解、质量检查报告的撰写、不合格品的处理等。
5.进度与成本管理：涉及工程进度报告的编写、成本预算和控制的沟通等。
6.风险管理：包括风险识别、评估、应对和监控的英语交流技能。
7.采购与供应链管理：涉及采购合同的谈判、供应商沟通、物流协调等。
8.健康、安全与环境管理：包括安全操作规程的编写、环保要求的沟通、健康监测等。
9.争议解决与索赔：涉及合同纠纷的解决、索赔文件的撰写和谈判等。
10.项目收尾与后评价：包括项目竣工报告的编写、项目后评价的英语沟通等。
为了提高国际工程实务英语水平，从事国际工程领域的人员可以通过以下途径进行学习和实践：学习专门的国际工程英语教材或课程，了解行业术语和表达方式。
参与国际工程项目，积累实际工作经验，锻炼英语沟通能力。
参加行业内的国际会议或研讨会，与国际同行交流，提高英语水平。
定期进行英语听、说、读、写的训练，提高整体英语水平。
总之，国际工程实务英语是国际工程领域从业人员必备的技能之一，通过不断的学习和实践，可以提高自己的英语水平，更好地适应国际工程环境。
2024版国际贸易合同完整英文
2024版国际贸易合同完整英文Contract Table of ContentsChapter 1: Preliminary1.1 Contract Introduction1.2 Purpose and Scope of the Contract1.3 Definitions and InterpretationsChapter 2: Contracting Parties2.1 Details of Party A2.2 Details of Party B2.3 Qualifications and Capacities of the Parties Chapter 3: Subject Matter of the Contract3.1 Description of Goods3.2 Scope of Services3.3 Delivery StandardsChapter 4: Price Terms4.1 Composition of Price4.2 Payment Conditions4.3 Price Adjustment MechanismChapter 5: Delivery and Transportation5.1 Delivery Schedule5.2 Transportation Arrangements5.3 Risk and Transfer of OwnershipChapter 6: Quality Assurance and Acceptance6.1 Quality Standards6.2 Acceptance Procedures6.3 Warranty PeriodChapter 7: Liability for Breach of Contract7.1 Definition of Breach7.2 Remedial Measures for Breach7.3 Compensation for BreachChapter 8: Force Majeure8.1 Events of Force Majeure8.2 Notification Obligation8.3 Consequences of Force MajeureChapter 9: Contract Modification and Termination 9.1 Procedures for Contract Modification9.2 Conditions for Contract Termination9.3 Rights and Obligations after Termination Chapter 10: Dispute Resolution10.1 Methods of Dispute Resolution10.2 Applicable Law10.3 Jurisdiction for Dispute ResolutionChapter 11: Intellectual Property11.1 Ownership of Intellectual Property11.2 Restrictions on the Use of Intellectual Property 11.3 Liability for Intellectual Property Infringement Chapter 12: Confidentiality Agreement12.1 Scope of Confidential Information12.2 Obligations of Confidentiality12.3 Duration of ConfidentialityChapter 13: Additional Provisions13.1 Introduction of Additional Provisions13.2 Legal Effect of Additional Provisions13.3 Modification of Additional ProvisionsChapter 14: Signature Page14.1 Signature of Party A14.2 Signature of Party B14.3 Date of Signature14.4 Place of SignatureChapter 15: Miscellaneous15.1 Changes in Law15.2 Effectiveness of the Contract15.3 Integrity of the Contract合同编号______第一章：Preliminary1.1 Contract IntroductionThis contract is entered into by and between Party A, hereinafter referred to as "", and Party B, hereinafter referred to as "", collectively referred to as "the Parties".1.2 Purpose and Scope of the ContractThe purpose of this contract is to stipulate the terms of cooperation between the Parties in international trade, including but not limited to the delivery of goods, provision of services, and payment of prices.1.3 Definitions and InterpretationsKey terms used in this contract are defined in Appendix A. The interpretation of the contract terms shall follow the principles of fairness and good faith.第二章：Contracting Parties2.1 Details of Party AName of Party A: ______, Address: ______, Legal Representative:______.2.2 Details of Party BName of Party B: ______, Address: ______, Legal Representative:______.2.3 Qualifications and Capacities of the PartiesBoth Parties hereby declare and guarantee that they possess the legal qualifications and capabilities necessary for the execution and fulfillment of this contract.第三章：Subject Matter of the Contract3.1 Description of GoodsA detailed description of the product specifications, models, quantities, etc., is provided in Appendix B.3.2 Scope of ServicesIf the contract includes services, the content, standards, and requirements of the services are detailed in Appendix C.3.3 Delivery StandardsThe quality standards and delivery conditions that the goods or services should meet are specified in Appendix D.第四章：Price Terms4.1 Composition of PriceThe total contract price, unit price, taxes, transportation costs, etc., are detailed in Appendix E.4.2 Payment ConditionsThe method of payment, payment timelines, and interest on delayed payments are specified in Appendix F.4.3 Price Adjustment MechanismThe conditions, procedures, and calculation methods for price adjustments are detailed in Appendix G.第五章：Delivery and Transportation5.1 Delivery ScheduleThe specific delivery timelines and progress schedule for goods or services are detailed in Appendix H.5.2 Transportation ArrangementsThe mode of transportation, cost bearing, and transportation insurance are specified in Appendix I.5.3 Risk and Transfer of OwnershipThe point of risk transfer, conditions, and timing for the transfer of ownership are detailed in Appendix J.第六章：Quality Assurance and Acceptance6.1 Quality StandardsThe quality standards and specifications that goods or services should comply with are specified in Appendix K.6.2 Acceptance ProceduresThe acceptance process, timelines, and acceptance criteria are detailed in Appendix L.6.3 Warranty PeriodThe start and end times of the quality warranty period, conditions, and responsibilities are specified in Appendix M.第七章：Liability for Breach of Contract7.1 Definition of BreachActs or omissions that violate the contract terms or fail tofulfill obligations are detailed in Appendix N.7.2 Remedial Measures for BreachRemedial measures for breach, including but not limited to liquidated damages and compensation, are specified in Appendix O.7.3 Compensation for BreachThe scope, calculation method, and payment conditions for compensation for breach are detailed in Appendix P.第八章：Force Majeure8.1 Events of Force MajeureThe definition, scope, and types of force majeure events are specified in Appendix Q.8.2 Notification ObligationThe notification procedures and time requirements in the event of force majeure are detailed in Appendix R.8.3 Consequences of Force MajeureThe impact of force majeure on the performance of the contract and the rights and obligations of both Parties are specified in Appendix S.第九章：Contract Modification and Termination9.1 Procedures for Contract ModificationThe conditions, procedures, and effectiveness requirements for contract modifications are detailed in Appendix T.9.2 Conditions for Contract TerminationThe circumstances, procedures, and conditions for contract termination are specified in Appendix U.9.3 Rights and Obligations after TerminationThe rights, obligations, and responsibilities of both Parties after contract termination are detailed in Appendix V.第十章：Dispute Resolution10.1 Methods of Dispute ResolutionThe preferred method of dispute resolution is negotiation, with alternative methods specified in Appendix W.10.2 Applicable LawThe law applicable to the resolution of contract disputes is specified in Appendix X.10.3 Jurisdiction for Dispute ResolutionThe location and jurisdictional body for dispute resolution are detailed in Appendix Y.第十一章：Intellectual Property11.1 Ownership of Intellectual PropertyThe ownership and scope of rights of intellectual property involved in the contract are specified in Appendix Z.11.2 Restrictions on the Use of Intellectual PropertyThe conditions, restrictions, and authorization scope for the use of intellectual property are detailed in Appendix AA.11.3 Liability for Intellectual Property InfringementThe determination, responsibility, and relief measures for intellectual property infringement are specified in Appendix AB.Chapter 12: Confidentiality Agreement12.1 Scope of Confidential InformationThe definition, scope, and types of confidential information are detailed in Appendix AC.12.2 Obligations of ConfidentialityThe obligations, measures, and duration of confidentiality of both Parties are specified in Appendix AD.12.3 Duration of ConfidentialityThe start and end times of the confidentiality period and the handling of confidential information are detailed in Appendix AE.12.4 Breach of ConfidentialityThe consequences and responsibilities in the event of a breach of confidentiality are specified in Appendix AF.Chapter 13: Additional Provisions13.1 Introduction of Additional ProvisionsThe conditions, procedures, and requirements for the introduction of additional provisions are detailed in Appendix AG.13.2 Legal Effect of Additional ProvisionsThe relationship and legal effect of additional provisions with this contract are specified in Appendix AH.13.3 Modification of Additional ProvisionsThe conditions, procedures, and effectiveness requirements for the modification of additional provisions are detailed in Appendix AI.Chapter 14: Signature Page14.1 Signature of Party ASignature of the representative of Party A: ______, Date: ______, Place: ______.14.2 Signature of Party BSignature of the representative of Party B: ______, Date: ______, Place: ______.14.3 Contract Originals and CopiesThis contract is made out in two originals, each Party holds one copy, with equal legal effect.14.4 Attachments EffectivenessThe attachments to the contract have the same legal effect as the contract itself, and the list of attachments is detailed in Appendix AJ.Chapter 15: Miscellaneous15.1 Changes in LawShould there be any changes in the law after the signing of the contract that affect the execution of the contract, both Parties shall negotiate to amend the contract.15.2 Effectiveness of the ContractThis contract shall take effect from the date both Parties sign and seal it.15.3 Integrity of the ContractThis contract and its annexes constitute the entire agreement between both Parties regarding this transaction, replacing all previous oral or written agreements.15.4 Method of NoticeBoth Parties shall give notice in writing, including but notlimited to letters, emails, etc.Chapter 16: Assignment of Contract16.1 Restrictions on AssignmentWithout the written consent of the other Party, neither Party may assign its rights or obligations under this contract.16.2 Procedures for AssignmentIf assignment is required, the assigning Party shall give prior written notice to the other Party and obtain the written consent, as detailed in Appendix AK.16.3 Effectiveness of AssignmentAfter assignment is agreed upon by both Parties, the assignee shall comply with all the terms of this contract and assume the corresponding obligations.16.4 Notice of AssignmentThe assigning Party shall give written notice to the other Party within ______ days after the completion of the assignment.Chapter 17: Modification and Supplement of the Contract17.1 Principle of ModificationOnce the contract is signed, neither Party may unilaterally modify it without the consent of both Parties.17.2 Procedures for ModificationBoth Parties may modify the content of the contract, and any modification shall be made in writing and take effect after being signed and sealed by both Parties, as detailed in Appendix AL.17.3 Supplementary AgreementsBoth Parties may enter into a supplementary agreement regarding matters not fully covered in the contract. Supplementary agreements have the same legal effect as this contract.Chapter 18: Interpretation of the Contract18.1 Principles of InterpretationThe interpretation of the contract terms shall follow theprinciples of fairness, good faith, and in accordance with the purpose of the contract and trade practices.18.2 Professional TerminologyProfessional terms used in the contract shall be interpreted according to relevant industry standards or as agreed by both Parties.18.3 Conflicts in InterpretationIn case of different interpretations of the contract terms, the interpretation that does not violate the purpose of the contract and legal provisions shall prevail.Chapter 19: Record Filing of the Contract19.1 Obligation of Record FilingAccording to relevant legal provisions, this contract shall befiled with ______.19.2 Procedures for Record FilingThe contract shall be filed in accordance with the relevant procedures and shall be the responsibility of ______, as detailed in Appendix AM.19.3 Effectiveness of Record FilingAfter the contract is filed, it has the legal effect of being binding on third parties.19.4 Changes in Record FilingIf there are any changes after the contract is filed, it shall promptly apply for changes with the filing authority.Chapter 20: Termination of the Contract20.1 Conditions for TerminationThe contract shall be terminated after the performance is completed or when both Parties agree to terminate.20.2 Procedures for TerminationBoth Parties shall go through the agreed procedures to handle the termination of the contract.20.3 Rights and Obligations after TerminationAfter the termination of the contract, both Parties shall fulfill their respective obligations as agreed in the contract.20.4 Notice of TerminationThe terminating Party shall give written notice to the other Party within ______ days after the satisfaction of the termination conditions.Chapter 21: Renewal of the Contract21.1 Conditions for RenewalBefore the expiration of the contract, both Parties may negotiate for the renewal.21.2 Procedures for RenewalBoth Parties shall go through the agreed procedures to handle the renewal of the contract.21.3 Effectiveness of RenewalThe contract after renewal has the same legal effect as theoriginal contract.21.4 Notice of RenewalThe renewing Party shall give written notice to the other Party within ______ days before the expiration of the contract.Chapter 22: Confidentiality of the Contract22.1 Confidential InformationBoth Parties shall keep confidential the trade secrets, technical secrets, and other information learned during the performance of the contract.22.2 Duration of ConfidentialityThe confidentiality period is effective from the date of signing the contract until ______ years after the termination of the contract.22.3 Liability for Breach of ConfidentialityThe Party that breaches the obligation of confidentiality shall compensate the other Party for the losses suffered as a result.22.4 Disclosure of Confidential InformationConfidential information may be disclosed when required by law or agreed upon by both Parties.Chapter 23: Additional Terms23.1 Definition of Additional TermsBoth Parties may supplement matters not fully covered in the contract by mutual agreement in the form of additional terms.23.2 Legal Effect of Additional TermsAdditional terms have the same legal effect as this contract.23.3 Modification of Additional TermsThe modification of additional terms shall be agreed upon by both Parties and confirmed in writing.23.4 Notice of Modification of Additional TermsAfter the modification of additional terms, both Parties shall give written notice to each other within ______ days.Chapter 24: Effectiveness of the Contract24.1 Conditions for EffectivenessThis contract shall take effect from the date both Parties sign and seal it and Party B pays the deposit.24.2 Effective DateThe signing date of this contract is: ______.24.3 Place of EffectivenessThe signing place of this contract is: ______.24.4 Performance After EffectivenessAfter the contract takes effect, both Parties shall perform their respective rights and obligations as agreed in the contract.Chapter 25: Supplementary Provisions25.1 Applicable LawThis contract is governed by the laws of ______.25.2 Right to Interpret the ContractThe final right to interpret this contract belongs to ______.25.3 Other MattersMatters not covered in this contract shall be resolved amicably through negotiation between both Parties.。
国际工程合同英汉对照阅读
国际工程合同英汉对照阅读篇一：xxx 工程合同中英文版xxx engineering contractxxx 工程合同Contract No.: 合同编号：Party A: xxxCompany Limited甲方：xxx 有限公司Party B:xxx Company Limited乙方：xxx 有限公司This contract is made and entered into on the day of , XX by the following Parties in . 本合同于XX 年月日由以下当事方在签署。
Party A: xxx Company Limited, 甲方：xxx 有限公司，xxx 经营的公司，住所地为xxx ，（下称“甲方” ），法定代表人：xxx Party B: xxx Company Limited, 乙方：xxx 有限公司，一家xxx 经营的公司，注册地址是：xxx ，（下称“乙方” ），法定代表人：xxx Party A and Party B are called by a joint name of Both Parties under this contract, each of which is called as A Party.甲方和乙方在本合同项下统称为“双方”，单独称为“一方”。
1. 1.In accordance with the items stipulated in this Contract,Party B shall conduct the project as per the Projectstandard and quality standard stipulated by Ministry of Engineering of the Union of xx. 依据本合同所限定的条款，乙方应以xx 工程部规定的建筑标准和质量要求执行本工程。
国际工程承包和管理实务英语
Aabound 大量存在，充满acquisition 获得authentication 鉴定，认证administer 管理，支配allocation 配给，分配alternatively 二择其一Asian/African Development Bank 亚洲/非洲开发银行annual turnover 年营业额anticipatory 期待会发生的，预计会发生的arise 出现，发生Assumption of Superiority 文化中心论（我族中心论）Assumption of Universality 文化大同论（以己推人，天下一家）acknowledge 收妥，肯定，确认，证实，致谢alteration 改动，更改，改变appraisal 估计，估量，评价architect 建筑师，设计师arithmetic 算术，计量ascertain 确定，查明authorized 权威认可的，审定的，经授权的affidavit 宣誓书、书面保证alternative tender 相对于规定投标报价提交的按其他方案和设想作出的投标报价a proforma version of such bond 类此保函的格式（范本）award of contract 援标adjudication 裁定，认定aggregate 总计，合计approximate 近似，大约，接近的attendance 照管，维护，值班allow for 留出AIA Standard From of Agreement between Employer and Contractor 美国建筑师协会业主和承包商标准合同acquaint 使熟悉，使了解adequately 足够的，恰当的apprise 告知，通知arbitration 仲裁，调停assign 分配，指派，指定advance payment 预付款amenity 公共设施asbestos 石棉aviation 航空as a result of 由......引起arise from/out of 产生于，源自于appendix to tender 标书附录advance payment bong 预付款保函award of a tender 授标abnormal 翻唱的，异常的，变态的accelerate 加速，加快，赶工accumulate 堆积，积累adverse 不利的，有害的，相反的allegedly 被说成的，声称的，有嫌疑的，作为理由的ambiguity 歧义，意义不明确，含糊不清amend 改正，改良，正式地修正（议案等）amplify 放大，扩大abide by 遵守adverse physical conditions 不利现场条件address 解决问题adversarial 敌手的，对手的，对抗（性）的arsenal 为了达到某个目的使用的工具或方法attribute 属性，特征alternative dispute resolution (ADR) 非法律手段解决争端的方式amicable settlement 和解arbitration tribunal 仲裁委员会appeal 上诉American Arbitration Association (AAA) 美国商务仲裁协会American Institute of Architect 美国建筑师协会account 记述，描述，报到accusation 指责，指控，控告Bbring about 引起，导致be keen on 渴望，热衷于backpack 背包be prone to 倾向于，易于be attributable to 原因是......bill of quantities 工程量清单be borne by/on 由......承担（费用、后果）be subject to 附属，从属于，遵守be confined to 限定于be liable for 对......负有责任be bound to 一定会，一定要be associated with 和......相关bias 偏见，偏心，偏袒，倾向breakdown 分析，分解，分类，分成细目be attributed to 归因于，由于binding ADR 具有法律约束力的仲裁binding decision 有约束力的决策Ccountry of origin 原产国，来源国contractor 工程项目的承建人，承包商consultant 项目实施的监理人，监理工程师，工程师Conditions of Contract 合同条件，合同文件commence 正式开始constitute 构成，组成cumulative 累积的，渐增的civil engineering works 土木工程decision-making 决策coherent 条理清楚的，连贯的collective 集体的，共同的，共有的complacently 自满的condemnation 谴责consequence 结果，后果counsel 安抚，宽慰conform to 符合，遵照（合同、法规）Chinese expatriates 中国海外人员claim for cost or time 索赔时间或工期cross-culture communication 跨文化交际culture adjustment/adaptation 文化适应cultural diversity 文化多元性culture integration 文化融合culture shock 文化冲击competence 能力，技能commitment 承诺，责任，义务comprehensive strength of a contractor 承包商的综合实力conditions of contract 合同条件conception 观念，看法，构想coordinate 协调，协同，配合come into existence 成立，建立commissioning operation 试运转，试运行consortia consortium 的复数形式，指两家以上公司构成的投标或承包的联营体contingency sum 不可预见费certification of payment 付款凭证consent 同意，赞成corporate 公司的，社团的，法人的comply with 服从，遵守CV curriculum vitae 简写commencement of the works 开工compulsory 必须做的，强制性的，必修的confiscation 没收，充公constitute 构成，组成CAR 工程全险creditor 债权人cash flow 现金流counter-indemnity 反担保clarity 清澈，透明，明了collate 校对，整理contemporary 当代的，同时代的，同属一个时期的contractual claim 合同内索赔critical path 施工关键线路circumspect 谨慎小心的，周到的coerce 迫使做，强迫，强制constructive 建设的，建设性的confrontational 挑衅的，对抗的counsel 忠告，劝告，辩护律师，法律顾问counterproductive 反生产的，使达不到预期目标的cripple 严重削弱，使陷于瘫痪conflict intervention system 解决争端的体系counsel 辩护律师cross examine 盘问对方证人cost overruns 超限成本cite 引用，举例component 成分，组成部分，部分，元件consignment 所托运的货物courier 信使，急件递送人courtesy 谦恭有礼counterpart 与对方地位相当的人compressive strength 抗压强度curing method 养护方法（混凝土）carbon copy notation （信件末尾）抄送Ddefect 缺点，过失diversification 多元化demand for 要求domestic/international market 国内/国际市场Defects Notification Period 缺陷通知期限detrimental 有害的，不利的dominate 控制，支配统治，占主要地位debilitate 使人虚弱dictate 控制，影响dislocation 移位disrupt 扰乱，打断daily necessity 日常必须distinguish...from... 分辨，区分direct confrontation 直接冲突deviation from the stipulation of the contract 偏离合同规定的条款，不符合合同规定discrepancy 差异，不符合（之处），不一致（之处）dispatch 派遣，派出，（火速）发送（信件，公文等）discipline 学科daywork 计日工decline 拒绝，推辞，谢绝default 违约，违背discharge 执行，履行duly 正确地，适当地determining an amount to be added to or deducted from the contract price or granting an extension of time 确定应该从合同总价中增加或者扣减的数额或者给予工程延期defects notification period 缺陷通知期限domestic subcontractor 自选（内部）分包商disposal of rubbish 垃圾处理deposit 存款，交与保管deterioration 恶化，变坏，退化，堕落detriment 损害，伤害disclose 表明，揭露，揭开divulge 泄露，揭穿designated account 指定银行账户deploy 调度，使用，部署disruption 中断，分裂，破坏documentary 文件的，文书的drawing register 图纸登记记录decide upon 对......作出决定defendant 被告deem 认为，相信depiction 描写，叙述dock 船停靠码头decision memoranda 会议纪要Eenact 制定法律，通过发法律entity 实体，组织机构employer/owner 项目的业主雇主empirical 以经验为依据的execution 执行，实施，履行economic and technical aid 经济援助Engineering News Record 《工程新闻》杂志entail 使......成为必要部分euphoria 极度愉快兴奋的心情encounter with 遭遇，碰到，面对enclose 把......装入信封，符入ensure 确保entrust 委托，托付entitle to 拥有......的权利end up in 以......结束，最终成为evaluation of tenders 评标embody 包括，包含endeavour 努力，尝试enforceable 可实施的，可强迫的enquiry 询问，查询，调查equitable 合理的，公平的escalation 增加essential 本质的，必须的eventuality 可能发生的事情，坏事expertise 专门知识或技能extraneous 外部的，外来的enter into 签署合同，协议，输入数据E&M electrical and mechanical 的简写，指电气和机械方面的工作内容external interference 外部干扰eliminate 消除，排除envisage 想象，设想extension of time 工程延期expressly 明显地，明确地excess/deductible 免赔额endorsement 签字，认可empower 授权，准许enhance 提高，增加，增强exceptional 例外的，独特的，异常的extra-contractual claim 合同外索赔ex-gratia payments/claim 同情性付款/索赔extension of time 工程延期elusive 难以捉摸的，难以找到的，不易记住的equitable 公正的，合理的expedite 加快发展equitable allocation of responsibilities and risks 公平分配责任和风险emotion-laden dispute 受感情情绪左右的争端enclosure 附件en-route 在途Fformulate 规划，构想，阐述formality 手续，程序，礼节furnish 提供，供应form of tender 投标书foregoing 在前的，先前提到的fixed-price/lump sum contract 固定总价合同facilitate 使容易，使不费力，帮助，促进feasibility study report 可行性研究报告fees payable 应付款force majeure 不可抗拒力fortuitous 偶然发生的fair wear and tear （机械、设备等）正常磨损framework 结构，构架fester （伤口）化脓，情况恶化fractious 易怒的，急躁的fraught 充满着不愉快的事情的fact-finding 调查实情的finalize 使完成，把......最后确定下来follow suit 跟着做，照着做from time to time 不时Gglobalization 全球化ground rules 基本规则gear 使适合govern 控制，支配give rise to 导致，引起ground 理由give/take possession of site 交出/接收现场grace period 宽缓期，也指工程项目中业主用于征地赔偿的时间gain increasing popularity 越来越受到欢迎，越来越流行Hhence 由此，因此hire schedule 机械租赁费率表hydrographical 水文地理hoisting 起重，吊升hypothesize 假设，假定，猜测have confidence in 对......有信心hearing 听证（法庭）Iinitiate 开始，发动in accordance with 依据，按照International Standard Organization 国际标准化机构Invitation for Bids 招标邀请书implementation 贯彻，执行international competitive bidding 国际招标incur 招致，引起inquire into 调查interact with 相互影响，相互作用，配合in the face of 面对inconsistency 不一致，易变，前后矛盾insolvent 无力偿付债务的，破产的in due course 适当时机，恰当时候invitation to tender 招标邀请inception 开始，开头，初期infrastructure 基本设施ingredient 组成部分inter alia 和其他的事物，此外......还in-house capability 自身能力issurance/issue of payment 签发变更指令International Federation of Consulting Engineers 国际监理工程师联合会interpretation 解释，说明，诠释insurance payment 保单，保险单据in default 违约，失职incorporate 把......合并，使并入indemnity 保障，赔偿，补偿interchangeable 可交换的，可互换的，可交替的indemnify somebody against 保证某人不受损害in such a manner 以这样的方式in consequence of 由于.....irrespective of 不管，不论insurance 保险insurer 保险人，保险公司insured 被保险人，投保人insurance policy 保单insurance cover 保险责任insurance broker 保险代理，保险经纪人identifiable 可以确认的impact 影响，作用impartial 不偏不倚的，公正的，中立的initial 最初的，开头的interim 暂时的，临时的，中期的interval 间歇，间隔invariably 始终不变地in the light of 鉴于，由于，按照ideology 思想（体系），思想意识inevitable 不可避免的，必然发生的institute 建立，开始，制定，着手inasmuch 由于，就此程度而言integrity 正直，诚实，诚恳immaterial 不重要的，不相干的impede 阻碍，妨碍，阻止in possession of 拥有，持有International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) 国际商会imperative 绝对必要的，紧急的，迫切的intolerable 不能忍受的，无法忍受的irrelevant 不相干的，不相关的interpersonal communication 人际交流JJoint Contracts Tribunal and Institution Engineers 英国联合合同审定委员会和土木工程师协会joint and several liability 连带责任justify 证明......有理，为......辩护Kkey project personnel 项目关键人物LLetter of Acceptance 中标函list in the stock market 在股票交易所上市literally 字面的，确实的，真正的letter of acceptance 正式授标函letter of intent 授标意向函legal capacity 法定资格，法定身份liquidated damages 工程延期罚款law applicable 适用法律line of communication 交流渠道liability 责任，义务，倾向，债务liquidation 清偿，结算，清算，清除litigation 诉讼，起诉line of credit 授信额度likewise 同样地，照样地litigation of construction disputes 将工程争端诉诸法律手段liaise with 和......联系/联络Mmulti-dimensional 多维度的mobilization 开工动员/进场mechanism 机制，构造modification 更改，改变，修改management contract 管理合同minutes of meeting 会议纪要magnitude 大小，积，量，重要性marine 海的，海产的，海生的merely 仅仅，只不过meteorological 与气象学有关的，气象的moral obligation 道义的责任manifest 清楚表示，显露mainstream （思想或行为的）主流mediate the dispute 协调争端mediation 协调miscellaneous 不同种类的，多种多样的，混杂的misinterpretation 误解，曲解minutes for site meeting 现场会议纪要NNotice for Commencement of Works 开工令navigate 认识了解或处理复杂的事情negligence 疏忽，玩忽，失职notify 通知，告知，报告nominated subcontractor 业主指定分包商named subcontractor 监理指定分包商non-compliance with the contract 不履行合同neutral forum to resolve disputes 解决争端的中立平台necessity 必要（性），（迫切）需要Ooverhead expense 管理费用，管理开支/成本overhead charges 向下级单位收取的管理费overseas contract 海外合同orient this balance to the direction beneficial to the contractor 调整控制这一平衡，使之朝着有利于承包商的方向发展outside the scope of contract 超越合同范围omission 省略，删节，遗漏on the part of 在......方面occurrence of unforeseen events 出现不可预见的（事件）情况office block 办公楼obstruction 障碍物，阻碍物，阻碍，阻挠oblige 迫使做，使负义务occurrence 遭遇，事件，事故optimum 最适宜的，最有利的obligatory 必须的，必要的，要求的，应尽的optimal 最佳的，最优的outstanding 未偿付的，未解决的Ppreparatory 预备的，准备的pursuant 依据，按照project delivery process 项目实施过程Performance Certificate 履约证书prequalification 投标资格审查procurement 采购，也指项目实施pillar 支柱，柱石prior 在......之前profit-driven 以谋利为目的的，受利润驱动的paternalistic concern for the employee's plight 对雇员的困境和难处表达父辈一样的关切project procurement method 项目实施方式pertinent 有关的，中肯的，恰当的prevail 获胜，流行，盛行prospective 预期的，未来的，可能的performance security 履约保函permanent works 永久工程pre-printed formal offer 按预先确定格式提交的正式报价parameter 因素，界限，参数provisional sum 暂定费preliminaries 前期费，基本费prerequisite 先决条件，前提provision 规定，条款，条件plate-bearing 平台负荷prime cost item 主要分项费用penalize 予以惩罚premium 保费public liability insurance 公共责任险proposer 投保人performance bond 履约保函performance certificate 履约证书particular 详情，细目prudent 慎重的，智慧的，稳健的public utilities 公共设施progress payment applications and certificates 进度付款申请和付款凭证perception 认识，看法，观念plague 折磨，烦扰，使苦恼preceding （时间或地点上）在先的，在前的，前面的precipitately 猛进地preclude 阻止，排除，妨碍，使......行不通preliminary 初步的，预备的，开端的prevalent 普遍的，盛行的，流行的privilege 给......特权，特许，特免prompt 促使，推动，引起partnering 结成伙伴关系plaintiff 原告pleading 诉状，辩护，答辩parol award 口头判决（仲裁）principal 最重要的，主要的provide for 规定project report 项目报告presentation skill 陈述技巧progress report 进度报告proforma invoice 形式发票Qqualitative and quantitative description 本质和数量上的描述qualification/prequalification/postqualification 资审/前资审/后资审quantified claim 量化索赔Rradically 根本，彻底，完全的rectify 更正，矫正random 任意的，无计划的rank 排序，排名rational 理性的，合理的reciprocal 互惠的，互相给予的raging hangover 非常痛苦的宿醉resort to 诉诸，采取ratification 正式批准，认可rehabilitation 恢复，复兴，改善reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土responsive tender 响应标，指符合投标邀请和投标人须知中列出的条件和要求的标书文件reimbursement 偿还，付还retention 保留金remedy 补救，修理，纠正render 提供，给予route 由某一路线发送rectification 矫正，改正retention bond 保留金保函rights of way 路权，道路红线范围内的土地使用权radioactive contamination 核辐射污染recompense 赔偿，补偿register of submittals 提交资料记录remit 免除（债务），宽恕retain 保持，保留resort to 诉诸，采取resolution of conflict 解决争端reference to arbitration 提交仲裁respondent 被告randomly 随便地，未加计划地remainder 剩余物，残余部分resident engineer （现场）总监reference number （文件、信件）编号Sstagnant 停滞，毫无生气的subsequent 随后，后来shape up 改进，顺利发展scenario 可能出现的情况superior 上级，领导SOE State-owned Enterprise的缩写，国有企业strict evaluation exercise 严格的评审程序subcontract 分包set out 列出，规定specification 规范，也作为技术规范surety 担保方，为保函提供担保的机构或个人sustain 支持，支撑scope of work 工作范围specialty/specialist contractor 专业承包商schedule of retes 单价表sue 起诉，控告superintendence 指挥，主管，监督specialize in 专门从事，专攻suspension of contract 暂停施工substantial completion 主体完工scaffolding 脚手架settlement of disputes 解决争议subsidence 沉淀，陷没，下沉suffice 足够，满足要求syndicate 辛佳迪，企业联合组织，财团surety undertaking 担保承诺security 担保，保证金，抵押品sequence 先后次序，顺序，连续severe 严厉的，严肃的substantiate 用事实支持（某主张。
国际土木工程合同英文
国际土木工程合同英文The contract egins with a clear statement of its urose: to define the agreement etween the arties involved in a secific civil engineering roject, including the scoe of work, resonsiilities, timelines, ayment terms, and other essential conditions.Article 1: arties InvolvedThis section identifies the contracting arties, tyically including the emloyer (client), contractor, and ossily sucontractors or consultants. Each arty's legal name, address, and role in the roject are outlined for transarency and accountaility.Article 2: roject DescritionA comrehensive descrition of the civil engineering roject is rovided, detailing the nature of the work, location, and exected outcomes. This section may also include reference documents such as roject lans, secifications, and any relevant environmental imact assessments.Article 3: Scoe of WorkHere, the full extent of the contractor's oligations is defined, including the secific tasks to e erformed, standards of quality, and any exclusions or limitations to the scoe. This is crucial for managing exectations and avoiding disutes due to misunderstandings.Article 4: Timeline and ScheduleThe contract delineates a detailed timeline for the roject, including milestone dates, deadlines for comletion of secific hases, and consequences for delays. A schedule that is realistic and achievale is vital for the smooth rogress of the roject.Article 5: ayment TermsFinancial arrangements are meticulously detailed, outlining the ayment structure, invoice sumission rocess, and the timing and method of ayments. This includes rovisions for advances, rogress ayments, final settlement, and handling of retention or erformance onds if alicale.Article 6: Quality Assurance and Safety StandardsThe contract emhasizes comliance with international quality assurance standards and safety regulations. It secifies the measures to e taken to ensure worker safety, environmental rotection, and adherence to uilding codes and industry est ractices.Article 7: Change Orders and Variationsrovisions for handling changes in the work scoe or roject requirements are included. This section details the rocess for requesting and aroving changes, along with how these changes will affect the timeline, costs, and overall roject delivery.Article 8: Disute ResolutionA mechanism for resolving disutes is estalished, referaly through mediation or aritration efore resorting to legal action. This fosters a collaorative environment and hels maintain the integrity of the roject timeline and udget.Article 9: Termination ClauseConditions under which the contract can e terminated are clearly stated, including reach of contract, force majeure events, or mutual agreement. The consequences of termination, such as notice eriods and financial enalties, are also outlined.Article 10: Governing Law and JurisdictionThe contract secifies the law governing the interretation of the contract and the jurisdiction in which any disutes will e resolved. This is articularly imortant in international rojects where multile legal systems may e involved.Article 11: Signature lockFinally, the contract concludes with a signature lock where oth arties acknowledge their understanding and agreement to the terms y signing and dating the document. This formalizes the contract and gives it legal standing.。
外贸英语：合同.Contract
外贸英语：合同.Contract|We'll have the contract ready for signature.我们应准备好合同待签字。
We signed a contract for medicines.我们签订了一份药品合同。
Mr. Zhang sings the contract on behalf of the China National Silk Import & Export Corporation. 张先生代表中国丝绸进出口总公司在合同上签了字。
A Japanese company and SINOCHEM have entered into a new contract.中国化工进出口总公司已经和日本一家公司签订了一份新合同。
It was because of you that we landed the contract.因为有了你，我们才签了那份合同。
We offered a much lower price, so they got the contract.由于我们报价低，他们和我们签了合同。
Are we anywhere near a contract yet?我们可以（接近于）签合同了吗？We sign a contract when we are acting as principals.("principals" refers to the "seller" and the "buyer")当我们作为货主时都要签订合同。
（这里的“货主”指合同中的卖方和买方）I know we (the seller) should draw up a contract and the buyer has to sign it.我们知道我们（卖方）应该拟出一份合同，买方必须签署合同。
We should simultaneously sign two contracts, one sales contract for beef and mutton, and the other contract of equal value for the purchase of cotton.我们同时签两个合同，一是牛羊肉的销售（出口）合同，另一个是等额的棉花购买（进口）合同。
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Chapterc2 合同Contract第一节建筑合同的种类Types of Construction Contract一、按计价机制分类的合同(Contracts according to Pricing Mechanism) （一）总价合同/ 包干合同/ 总包合同(Lump Sum Contract)承包商同意实施全部指定的工程，以获得一笔预先规定的总款项。
[kən'sent]The contractor consents to execute the entire specified work for a stated total sum.（二）成本补偿合同(Cost Reimbursement Contract)雇主承诺支付承包商主要成本/直接成本，也就是施工中使用到的实际人工费、设备费、材料费。
The client undertakes to pay the contractor the prime cost: that is, the actual cost of labor, plant and materials utilized in the execution of the works.除了直接成本外，承包商还被付有代替开办费和利润的一笔约定款额。
In addition to the prime cost, the contractor is paid an agreed sum to cover establishment charges and profit.（三）单价合同(Unit Price Contract)即使没有给出合同价，但由于双方就适用于该工程的费率达成一致，因此对于成本是有一定控制的。
There is some control over cost because the parties agree on the rates which will apply to the work even though there is no contract sum. （四）计量合同(Measurement Contract)在本合同协定下，工程的单价是可提前预算的，但总价只能到工程完工时估量、估价来确定。
Price of units of work under this contractual arrangement is pre-estimated but the total price cannot be ascertained until the work is measured and valued on completion. [æsə'teind] 计量合同协定可以通过近似工程量清单或单价表获得。
Measurement contractual arrangement can be procured on an approximate bill of quantities or schedules of rates.施工中实际发生的费用the actual cost incurred in the execution of the works总价合同的价格可能是固定的也可能是浮动的。
The price for lump sum contracts may be fixed or fluctuating. ['flʌktʃueitiŋ]由于时间或其他方面的原因for reasons of time or otherwise从业主的角度看from the employer’s point of view费用超支cost overrun二、按工程范围或承包方式分类的合同(Contracts According To Scope of Work or Way of Contracting)（一）管理合同(Management Contract)在这种合同协定下，雇主委任一个组织或一家公司（称之为管理承包商）来管理和协调工程的设计和建设阶段。
Under this contractual arrangement, the client appoints an organization or a firm termed as the management contractor to manage and co-ordinate the design and construction phases of the project.服务设施service facilities永久工程permanent works塔式起重机tower crane脚手架scaffolding以各分包合同包的形式in subcontract packages（二）设计-施工合同(Contract for Design and Build)这种合同协定使得一家公司或一个组织能够对某一建筑物的设计与施工负全部责任，承担全部义务。
This contractual arrangement enables a firm or an organization to take full responsibility and carry sole liability for both the design and construction of a building.在雇主确定他/她对某一建筑物的需求之后，他/她将根据实体设计需求及预期的实体使用充分声明其要求。
After the client identified his or her need for a building, he or she states the requirement adequately in terms of physical design need as well as intended physical use.这种合同适合于标准的建筑物及工业系统（如工厂和仓库）。
This contract is suitable for standard buildings and industrialized system (e.g. factories and warehouses) .（三）一揽子交易/交钥匙合同[ri'petətiv] (Package Deals/Turnkey Contract)“总承包合同，整套承包合同，全包式合同”这种系统使用于工业、商业和重复建设的采购。
This system is employed in the procurement of industrial, commercial and repetitive buildings.专用系统proprietary system [prəu'praiətəri]报刊广告press advertisement规划许可planning permission价格谈判，价格协商price negotiation （四）分项分包合同(Separate Contract)建筑师在雇主批准他/她的设计解决方案后执行工程的管理。
The architect carries out the management of the project after the client has approved his or her design solution.建筑师代表雇主与一些被选定的工程承包商为各工程分项约定一些分项合同。
The architect arranges on behalf of the client a number of separate contracts with a selected number of works contractors for subdivisional work. ['sʌbdi,viʒənəl]分项工程验收acceptance of subdivisional work 雇主直接与每个被选定的承包商签订合同。
The client enters into direct contract with each of the selected contractors.第二节建筑工程承包商Construction Contractors监管建设项目执行的建筑商传统上被称为承包商，或更似施工人员。
Builders who supervise the execution of construction projects are traditionally referred to as contractors, or more approximately called constructors.总承包商协调一项工程各种各样的任务，专业承包商如机械、电力承包商履行他们专业上的工作。
The general contractor coordinates various tasks for a project while the specialty contractors such as mechanical or electrical contractors perform the work in their specialties.材料和设备供应商经常作为安装承包商，他们在建设项目中担任重要的角色因为材料和设备的交货条件影响着工程的质量、成本和及时完工。
Material and equipment suppliers often act as installation contractors: they play a significant role in a construction project since the conditions of delivery of material and equipment affect the quality, cost and timely completion of the project.（一）总承包商(General Contractors)一个在过去已经与主管、专业承包商或分包商团队合作过一些工程的好的总承包商在鼓励忠诚和协作方面最为有效。
[,sju:pərin'tendənt]A good general contractor who has worked with a team of superintendents, specialty contractors or subcontractors for a number of projects in the past is efficient in inspiring loyalty and cooperation.总承包商也对施工中使用的劳动力也很在行。