英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)
基础英语之句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习(含答案)

英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习(含答案)主语(subject): 位在句首,动作发出者,指人/物/行为/事情,可以是名词/代词/数字/动名词doing形式/to do不定式/主语从句来做主语The sun rises in the east.He likes dancing.Twenty years is a short time.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (it做形式主语,that引导真正的主语从句)谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征, 由谓语动词的形态体现时态We study English.We can swim.We wanted to buy a book yesterday.We will go to Beijing.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
可以是名词/代词/数字/形容词/介词(短语)/动名词doing形式/to do 不定式/从句He is a teacher.It is you, who broke the window.Five and five is ten.He is asleep.The picture is on the wall.My duty is looking after this boy.To see is to believe.The question is whether they will come.主语和表语需要用连系动词连接注意:连系动词It is a book. I am at home.It sounds a good idea. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I am feeling tired.常见系动词:be动词,感官系动词(look,sound,smell,taste,feel),补充其他系动词:保持类系动词(remain,keep),变化类系动词(become,go,turn,get),似乎(seem,appear),证明是(prove)宾语:位于动词或者介词后,主语发出动作后的接受者,可以是名词/代词/数字/动名词doing 形式/to do 不定式/宾语从句I like China.Are you afraid of the dog?Why are you looking at him?He likes you.How many books do you need? We need two.I enjoy working with you.I hope to see you again.Did you write down what he said?宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑,句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料,而句子结构则是建筑的框架。
理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。
接下来,让我们一起深入探讨。
一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体,通常是某人、某事或某物。
它是句子的核心,决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。
比如,“The dog is cute” (这只狗很可爱。
)中,“The dog”就是主语。
2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。
它通常由动词构成。
例如,“She sings beautifully” (她唱歌很好听。
)中的“sings”就是谓语。
3、宾语宾语是动作的对象,通常是接受动作的人或物。
比如,“He bought a book” (他买了一本书。
)中的“a book”就是宾语。
4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。
常见的系动词有 be (am/is/are)、seem、look 等,其后的成分就是表语。
例如,“She is happy” (她很开心。
)中的“happy”就是表语。
5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。
它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。
例如,“The red car is mine” (那辆红色的车是我的。
)中的“red”就是定语。
6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。
比如,“He runs fast” (他跑得很快。
)中的“fast”就是状语。
7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
例如,“We made him our monitor” (我们选他当班长。
)中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。
二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构,是最基本的句子类型。
例如,“I love you” (我爱你。
)2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词(and, but, or 等)连接而成。
英语句子成分划分习题及答案精选全文完整版

可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语句子成分划分习题及答案句子成分划分习题及答案1. They are all hard working.2. It puts me under pressure.3. We lead a more colorful campus life.4. It is different from that of my junior high.5. Summer is my favorite season of the year.6. The students and teachers shared a great time.7. The women are talking aloud in the next room.8. I will buy my sister a lovely doll on her birthday.9. The scientist will offer some good advice to you.10. The internet makes shopping easy and convenient.11. People all over the world speak English.12. The old man is feeling very tired.13. My father bought me a new bike last week.14. She likes the children to read books in the reading room.15. They use Mr /Mrs with the family name.16. I was a little nervous.17. The teacher asked us to introduce ourselves to each other.18. We discussed some hot topics.19. I wake up early every day.20. My sister told me a secret.答案:1. 主系表2. 主谓宾宾补3. 主谓宾4. 主系表5. 主系表6. 主谓宾7. 主谓8. 主谓间宾直宾9. 主谓直宾间宾10.主谓宾宾补11.主谓宾12.主系表13.主谓间宾直宾14.主谓宾宾补15.主谓宾宾补16.主系表17.主谓宾宾补18.主谓宾19.主谓20.主谓间宾直宾。
初中英语句子成分讲解简单明了附练习答案(精品)

初中英语句子成分一.句子的成分:句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分,即:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、补足语、定语、状语等。
主要成分:主语和谓语句子的成分次要成分:表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等(一)主语:主语是一个句子的主要成分,也是句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。
一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。
注意:在there be结构、疑问(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语动词、助动词例如:Tom is a good boy. (名词)We often speak English in class. (代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式)Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词)The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语,真正的主语是不定式)(二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
说明主语“做什么”、Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”,一般由动词或动词短语来充当,一般放在主语之后。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
谓语的构成如下:1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
例如:I like apples. ( 动词)He practices running every morning. (动词短语)2.复合谓语:(1)由(情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形)构成;例如:You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.(2)由(系动词+表语)构成。
初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案

初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案句子成分是指句子中各个部分的语法作用和关系。
英语句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
下面是一些初中英语句子成分的练习及答案。
练习一:1. The cat chased the mouse.2. My sister is a doctor.3. The boy with the red hat is my friend.4. She sings beautifully.5. The teacher gave us a lot of homework.请判断每个句子中的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
答案:1. 主语:The cat;谓语:chased;宾语:the mouse。
2. 主语:My sister;谓语:is;宾语:a doctor。
3. 主语:The boy;谓语:is;定语:with the red hat;宾语:my friend。
4. 主语:She;谓语:sings;状语:beautifully。
5. 主语:The teacher;谓语:gave;宾语:us;定语:a lot of;宾语补足语:homework。
练习二:1. The tall man in the blue shirt is my father.2. The dog barked loudly at the mailman.3. My mother cooked a delicious dinner for us.4. The students are studying hard for the exam.5. The sun sets in the west.请在每个句子中找出主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
答案:1. 主语:The tall man in the blue shirt;谓语:is;宾语:my father。
2. 主语:The dog;谓语:barked;状语:loudly;宾语:at the mailman。
【英语】初中英语句子结构与成分的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)及解析

【英语】初中英语句子结构与成分的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1.The sentence structure of "They talked for an hour." is " ".A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+A【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意:句子"They talked for an hour."的结构是什么?A.主语+谓语+宾语;B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;C.主语+谓语+状语。
they是主语;talked是谓语;for an hour是状语,故选C。
【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记其分类。
2.The young man ________ glasses is my teacher.A. wearB. wearsC. put onD. with【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意:带着眼镜的年轻人是我的老师。
这个句子是简单句,根据is可知句子结构是系表结构,wear穿着,戴着,动词,put on穿上,戴上,动词短语,所以A,B,C三个选项都不正确,故选D。
【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。
注意句子成分结构。
3.The boy_______ black hair_______ a blue coat.A. has; hasB. with; inC. has; wearsD. with; wears【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意:留着黑头发的男孩穿着一件蓝色大衣。
一个句子中不能出现两个谓语动词故选项A和C错误,B选项两个介词,放在句中缺少谓语动词,with具有,with black hair留着黑头发,介词短语修饰主语the boy, wear穿着,谓语动词,根据主语the boy,wear用第三人称单数结构,故选D。
【点评】此题考查句子结构成分。
注意句子的成分和句子的结构。
4.Dora's dream is ________ an English teacher when she grows up.A. for beingB. to beingC. to beD. be【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意:Dora的梦想是当她长大时成为一名英语老师。
英语句子的基本句型和成分(含例题及答案解析)
句子基本结构和成分1句子基本句型英语基本句型分为五种:主谓SV、主谓宾SVO、主系表SLP、主谓双宾SVOO、主谓宾宾补SVOC。
五种句型概述:句型主语谓语/系动词宾语/表语备注主谓SV Everybody laughed.主系表SLP She is a teacher.主谓宾SVO I love you.主谓双宾SVOO David asked me a question.其中‘me’和‘a question’两个宾语。
主谓宾宾补SVOC They painted the wall white.其中,white 为宾补修饰宾语the wall。
1.1主谓句型(Subject Predicate Verb-SV)1.1.1解析主谓句型与主谓宾句型最大的区别在于谓语动词的及物与不及物。
英语把及物动词叫做transitive verb,不及物动词叫做intransitive verb.”transitive”在英语中是传递的意思,所以,如果动词表示的动作可以直接传递到某个事物,则称为及物动词,反之称为不及物动词。
及物动词与不及物动词又可以称为外动作词和内动作词。
外动作词是动作涉及或(达到)别的事物的动词,内动作词是动作凝于或止于主体本身的动词。
1.1.2基本结构:主语+不及物动词1.1.3主语可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家。
1.1.4谓语谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后,后接宾语。
但谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.),没有宾语,形成主谓结构。
1.1.5例句分析:(1)The sun is rising. 太阳正在升起。
(2)Tim is sleeping. 蒂姆正在睡觉。
(3)The train is arriving.火车要到站了。
(4)We waited and waited. 我们等了又等。
(完整版)英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
考点7.The girls are singing over there are my classmates.
在那边唱歌的那些女孩是我的同学。
考点8.My parents wanted him work hard.
我父母亲想让他努力学习。
考点9.I remember saw him that day.
先找出句中的谓语,然后改正句中的错误,并说明原因。
考点1.Get up early is good for our health.
早起有利于我们的身体健康。
考点2.I want go home now.我现在想回家。
考点3.My favorite sport is play football.
我最喜爱的运动是踢足球。
Hehas hadbreakfast. (has是助动词,帮助构成现在完成时,(答疑qq 329950885)had是实义动词,意为“吃”。has had一起构成了句子的谓语。)
指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。
i.Does( ) helike( ) swimming?
ii.Hedoes( )like( ) swimming.
考点8.Shebeganworking as a teacher after sheleftschool.()()
考点9.When did theyleaveBeijing?()
考点10.Theyleftlast week.()
3.实义动词、助动词与情态动词
实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。
conjconjunction连词
2.及物动词和不及物动词
实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
初中英语句子成分讲解---综合练习有答案
句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如:(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)(2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语)(3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)(二)谓语:说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)We study hard. (行为动词作谓语)We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(三)宾语:宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)We often help him.(代词作宾语)He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
【英语】英语句子结构与成分练习题及答案含解析
【英语】英语句子结构与成分练习题及答案含解析一、句子结构与成分1.Which structure is right?A. Your father is ill in bed.(S+V)B. Your friend fell down.(S+V+O)C. Your team won the match.(S+V+O+OC)D. He seems ill.(S+V+P)【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意:哪个结构是正确的? A is 是系动词,故是主系表结构形式,S+V 表示主谓,B fell 是不及物动词,故是主谓形式,S+V+O 表示主谓宾,C the match是宾语,故是主谓宾形式,S+V+O+O表示主谓双宾,Dseem是系动词,故是主系表形式, S+V+P 表示主系表,故选D。
【点评】考查句子结构,注意seem是系动词的用法。
2.Choose the correct structure(结构) of this sentence "He lent me a book."A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+PD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。
he为主语S;lent为谓语V;me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。
故结构为S+V+IO+DO。
故选B。
【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。
3.What is the sentence pattern(句型)of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."?A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V +IO +DO D. S+V+O+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意:"Linda bought a book yesterday."属于哪种句型。
A是主谓结构;B 是主谓宾结构;C是主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语;D是主谓+宾语+宾补。
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主
谓
宾
weeds by the roots.
(4) the weeds will stay away for a longer time.
主
谓
时间状语
(5) The first solution appeared easy,
主
谓
表/主补
(6) the problem remained.
主
谓
(7) The key is to get the root of the problem.
The same thing is true of our attitude in life. The problem with people today is that (8) they want instant answer. (9) They are looking for one-minute solutions to everything. Just like instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. (10) This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.
主
谓
宾
主语 – 谓语动作的执行者
✓ 主语可以省略。
✓ 主语的形式结构:
– The sun rises in the east. (名词)
– He likes dancing. (代词)
– Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
– Seeing is believing. (动名词)
主谓Leabharlann 表/主补定(8) they want instant answer.
主谓
宾
(9) They are looking for one-minute solutions (to everything).
主
谓
宾
宾补
(10)This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.
给下列短文划分句子成分。
Losers Look for Quick Fixes
There are two ways of getting rid of weeds in your yard: the easy way and the not-so-easy way. (1) The easy way may be to run a lawnmower and (2) the yard looks fine for a while, but that is a temporary answer. Soon the weeds are back. But (3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. It is timeconsuming and painful, but (4) the weeds will stay away for a longer time. (5) The first solution appeared easy, but (6) the problem remained. The second solution was not so easy, but took care of the problem from the roots. (7) The key is to get the root of the problem.
(1) The easy way may be to run a lawnmower
主
谓
表/主补
(2) the yard looks fine for a while
主
谓 表/主补 时间状语
(3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the
宾语补足语
定语 (修饰名词)
状语(修饰动词)
句子成分
主语、宾语 谓语 补足语 状语 定语
属性
名词性的 动词性的 名词性的或形容词性的 副词性的 形容词性的
5 种基本句型 - 动词决定句型
不及物动词 及物动词
系动词
动词类型
1. 不带宾语 2. 带一个宾语 3. 带两个宾语 4. 带宾语和宾语补足语 5. 带主语补足语
– To see is to believe.
(不定式)
– What he needs is a book. (主语从句)
– It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– I like China. (名词) – He hates you. (代词) – How many do you need? We need two. (数词) – We should help the old and the poor. – I enjoy working with you. (动名词) – I hope to see you again. (不定式) – Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
5种基本句型
主+谓 主+谓+直宾 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓+直宾+宾补 主+谓(系)+表
1. Her love died. 2. She loved me. 3. She gave me a kiss. 4. She made me happy. 5. She is lovable.
动词决定句型,但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否,或者说,状语 和定语填补动词的语义空缺。
英语句子成分
4 2 种基本成分+ 种修饰成分
• 基本成分
– 主语 – 谓语动词 – 宾语 – 补足语
• 修饰成分
– 状语 (用来修饰动词 [状语修饰对象不限于动词]) – 定语(用来修饰名词)
关系图
句子成分
核心成分
主语 谓语
基本成分
修饰成分
直接宾语
谓语成分
宾语 补语
间接宾语 主语补足语 (表语)