中医四大名著的英文名
四大名著英文简介
四大名著英文简介第一篇：四大名著英文简介《三国演义》----《The Romance of the Three Kindoms》《水浒传》----《The Story by the Water Margin》《红楼梦》----《The Dream of the Red Chamber 》《西游记》----《Journey to the West》Chinese LiteratureIf they had been stolen by someone, who could it be? Where could he hide them? If they had made the escape themselves, then where could they stay at the moment?燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。
但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？——是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁？又藏在何处呢？是他们自己逃走了：现在又到了哪里呢？I don't know how many days I have been given to spend, but I do feel my hands are getting empty.Taking stock silently, I find that more than eight thousand days have already slid away from me.Like a drop of water from the point of a needle disappearing into the ocean, my days are dripping into the stream of time, soundless, traceless.Already sweat is starting on my forehead, and tears welling up in my eyes.我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。
四大名著的英文介绍
四大名著的英文介绍中国四大名著英文简介Chinese Literature - Novels and fiction Hongloumeng 红楼梦"The Dream of the Red Chamber"Also called "The story of the Stone (Shitouji 石头记)", this novel written by Cao Xueqin 曹雪芹(d. 1763) is said to be the greatest masterpiece of Chinese fiction. A wide branched scholarship does not consent about the main theme of this novel, should it be a novel of sentiment, of Daoist-Buddhist enlightenment, of social observation, of the decay of an aristocratic familiy, or even a veiled attack on Manchu rule. The frame of the novel is the contest of a Buddhist and a Daoist priest who make be born a young noble boy called Jia Baoyu 贾宝玉and his girl cousin Lin Daiyu 林黛玉. With a loving detaildescribing the life of the two cousins in a huge noble mansion, between gardens and palaces, the red thread is the triangular love between Baoyu, Daiyu and a second girl cousin called Xue Baochai 薛宝钗that is of more plumper character than the ever sick Daiyu. Switching between their life, the divine world and dreams, Baoyu becomes deranged after the disappearance of a stone (the origin of the second title) he had in his mouth when he was born. Not knowing, his love Daiyu died, he is tricked to marrying Baochai. Becoming aware of being tricked, Baoyu leaves the world of the "red dust" and becomes a monk. With hundreds of persons and their stories, paralleling the life and feelings of servants to the life of the main persons, the story is very complex and full of symbolisms, but very interestingand convincing for its encyclopedic character, depicting the life of a noble familiy in the 18th century Qing China 清.三国演义Romance of The Three KingdomsRomance of The Three Kingdoms isone of the great chinese classics and is compiled into a semi-fictional literary masterpiece during the Ming Dynastyby Luo Guanzhong. The novel comprises around 70+% fact and 20+% fiction. Some issues such as Guan Yu's weapon weighing around 40+ kilograms, the capabilties of Lu Bu, Liu Bei's horses as well as the existence of the Hill of the Fallen Phoenix and some others are probably fictional.That period in history can be said as the golden age of chivalry and although it happened more than 1700 years ago, characters such as Liu Bei, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang have become household names among the chinese. Tales of their exploits, courage, adventures and many more are told in the novel "Romance of The Three Kingdoms".It is one of the most turbulent periods in China's history taking place toward the end of the Han Dynasty where corruption is rampant in the imperial court due to eunuches holding power. Coupled with natural disasters such as floods, plague and locust swarms devouring the crops grown by the peasants, hunger and disatisfaction among the peasants soon escalated rapidly until a major rebellion known asthe "Yellow Scarves Rebellion" led by Zhang Jiao broke out. (It was dubbed "Yellow Scarves" because the rebels tied a yellow scarf on their head). Initially just a small band of rebels, due to widespread hunger and ill-sentiment among the populace, swarms of common folks joined in the rebellion across many parts of the country.三国演义人物介绍刘备Liu Bei (161–223 AD), styled Xuándé (玄徳), was a general, warlord, and later the founding emperor of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Although having a later start than his rivals, also lacking both the material resources and social status they commanded, Liu Bei overcame his many defeats to carve out his own realm, that at its peak spanned modernday Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, part of Hubei, and part of Gansu.Culturally, due to the tremendously popular novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong, Liu Bei is widely known as the ideal benevolent, humane ruler who cared for his people and picked good advisors. His character was to advocate the Confucian set of moral values, such as loyalty and compassion.张飞Zhang Fei (?-221 AD) was a military general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China.Zhang Fei was shown to have been a masterful general rather than simply a warrior. He treated his superiors with respect, but had little respect for his underlings. He was often warned by LiuBei that his habit of over-punishing his own soldiers by lashing and killing would eventually bring himself disaster.Zhang Fei married Xiahou Yuan's daughter, who was captured by Zhang Fei's troops as she was out gathering firewood. They had a total of two daughters, and the older daughter became the empress of Shu Han after marrying Liu Shan, with Zhuge Liang as the matchmaker. After Zhang Fei's eldest daughter had passed away due to natural causes, Zhuge Liang once again played the role of matchmaker, and Liu Shan married Zhang Fei's younger daughter, who thus succeeded her older sister to become the empress of Shu Han.Zhang Fei is best portrayed through his description and actions depicted in Records of Three Kingdoms biography by Chen Shou. Some claim that Zhang Fei was also an excellent painter.Zhang Fei was killed by his own men Zhang Da and Fan Jiang, while preparing his troops to attack the rival Eastern Wu to avenge the death of Guan Yu. Zhang Da and Fan Jiang went on to defect to Wu.水浒传Outlaws of the MarshThe novel "Outlaws of the Marsh" is somewhat like the Iliad and Odyssey... An ancient epic tale... no one remembers the period it was composed and immortalized.One knows this story is based on real facts and has inspired many storytellers.One knows the North Song Dynasty (XIIIth Century) lived its apogee and declined, a victim of corruption and decadence.One finds historical traces of these outlaws who challenged the imperial authority and died under the executioner's blade.At last, as anyone knows today that a man called Homer wrote the Iliad and Odyssey, no one doubts anymore that a man called Shi Nai-an wrote down during the XIVth century the novel Outlaws of the Marsh that reached us. Everyone recognizes that JinSheng-tan, during the XVIIth century, published what is now famous as the original version of a novel that obtainedthe interest and infatuation of successive generations.Water Margin or Outlaws of the Marsh ("All men are brothers" in Pearl Buck's translation, "Shui hu zhuan" in Chinese, "Au Bord de l'Eau" in French ) is an immortal novel because its tale is universal : it speaks of beings (outlaws but also notables, strong muscled heroes but also intellectual, anarchists but also philosophers...) who cannot bear injustice nor abuse nor arbitrariness...That is the reason they are immortal and their popularity has lasted for centuries .Discover the 108 heroes, the episodes , the paper-cuts representing them, the Beijing operas their fighting exploits inspired...人物Gai Ping Health gave special love make the world anyway, famous arena. Like charges to stick, chicken, and did not take wives, all hit others physique. Village Creek Village haunted legends, villagers digging a river in the town engraved art, ghost was rushed to the East seven. Classical hell, then alone will be engraved Creek Village in places away from the East side down. Thusso-called "Tota kings".晁盖平生仗义疏财，专爱结交天下好汉，闻名江湖。
四大中医名著，了解中医的四把金钥匙
四大中医名著，了解中医的四把金钥匙
四大中医名著
《黄帝内经》、《伤寒论》、《金匮要略》《温病条辨》
1．中医奠基之作一一《黄帝內经》
《黄帝内经》总结了战国以前的医学成就，并为战国以后的中国医学发展提供了理论指导。
在整体观、矛盾观、经络学、脏象学、病因病机学、养生和预防医学以及诊断治疗原则等各方面，都为中医学奠定了理论基础，具有深远影响。
历代医家在理论和实践方面的创新和建树，大多与《黄帝内经》有着密切的渊源关系。
2．外感巨著一一《伤寒论》
《伤寒论》是“医圣”张仲景根据自己的长期医疗实践而写的，是我国首部理论联系实践、理法方药齐备的临床医学巨著，书中按伤寒传变规律，以条文的形式逐一辨治，言简意赅，辨证严谨，治法灵活多变，制方药少而精，故被历代医家尊为“经典”，对后世临床医学的发展产生了深远的影响。
3．方书之祖一一《金匮要略》
《金匮要略》是祖国医学宝库中一颗璀璨的明珠，是我国现存早的杂病学专著，它奠定了杂病的理论基础和临床规范，具有很高的指导意义和实用价值，对后世医学的发展有着重大贡献和深远影响，所以它属于祖国医学的四大经典著作之一，被历代推崇为方书之祖和治疗杂病的典范，林亿谓其“施之于人，其效若神。
”
4．传染病圭臬一一《温病条辨》
《温病条辨》为吴瑭多年温病学术研究和临床总结的力作。
全书以三焦辨证为主干，前后贯穿，释解温病全过程辨治，同时参以仲景六经辨证、刘河间温热病机、叶天士卫气营血辨证及吴又可《温疫论》等诸说，析理至微，病机甚明，而治之有方。
四大名著的英语翻译题
中国古典长篇小说四大名著，简称四大名著（Four Great Classical Novels），是指《红楼梦》、《三国演义》、《水浒传》、《西游记》这四部巨著。
四大名著是中国文学史中的经典作品，是世界宝贵的文化遗产。
此四部巨著在中国文学史上的地位是难分高低的，都有着极高的文学水平和艺术成就，细致的刻画和所蕴含的深刻思想都为历代读者所称道，其中的故事、场景、人物已经深深地影响了中国人的思想观念、价值取向。
可谓中国文学史上的四座伟大丰碑。
其常见英译名如下：《三国演义》----The Romance of the Three Kindoms《水浒传》----The Story by the Water Margin《红楼梦》----The Dream of the Red Chamber《西游记》----Journey to the West中国四大名著英文简介红楼梦 The Dream of the Red ChamberDream of the Red Chamber, also called The Story of the Stone, composed by Cao Xueqin, is one ofChina's Four Great Classical Novels. It was written sometime in the middle of the 18th century duringthe Qing Dynasty. Long considered a masterpiece of Chinese literature, the novel is generallyacknowledged to be the pinnacle of Chinese fiction. "Redology" is the field of study devoted exclusively tothis work.The title has also been translated as Red Chamber Dream and A Dream of Red Mansions. The novelcirculated in manuscript copies with various titles until its print publication, in 1791. Gao E, who preparedthe first and second printed editions with his partner Cheng Weiyuan in 1791–2, added 40 additionalchapters to complete the novel.Red Chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical, mirroring the rise and decline of author CaoXueqin's own family and, by extension, of the Qing Dynasty. As the author details in the first chapter, it isintended to be a memorial to the damsels he knew in his youth: friends, relatives and servants. The novel isremarkable not only for its huge cast of characters and psychological scope, but also for its precise anddetailed observation of the life and social structures typical of 18th-century Chinese society.Also called "The story of the Stone (Shitouji 石头记)", this novel written by Cao Xueqin 曹雪芹(d. 1763) is said to be the greatest masterpiece of Chinese fiction. A wide branched scholarship does not consent about the main theme of this novel, should it be a novel of sentiment, of Daoist-Buddhist enlightenment, of social observation, of the decay of an aristocratic familiy, or even a veiled attack on Manchu rule. The frame of the novel is the contest of a Buddhist and a Daoist priest who make be born a young noble boy called Jia Baoyu 贾宝玉and his girl cousin Lin Daiyu 林黛玉.With a loving detail describing the life of the two cousins in a huge noble mansion, between gardens and palaces, the red thread is the triangular love between Baoyu, Daiyu and a second girl cousin called Xue Baochai 薛宝钗that is of more plumper character than the ever sick Daiyu. Switching between their life, the divine world and dreams, Baoyu becomes deranged after the disappearance of a stone (the origin of the second title) he had in his mouth when he was born. Not knowing, his love Daiyu died, he is tricked to marrying Baochai. Becoming aware of being tricked, Baoyu leaves the world of the "red dust" and becomes a monk. With hundreds of persons and their stories, paralleling the life and feelings of servants to the life of the main persons, the story is very complex and full of symbolisms, but very interesting and convincing for its encyclopedic character, depicting the life of a noble familiy in the 18th century Q ing China.三国演义Romance of The Three KingdomsRomance of the Three Kingdoms is a 14th-century historical novel attributed to Luo Guanzhong. It is setin the turbulent years towards the end of the Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period in Chinesehistory, starting in 169 AD and ending with the reunification of the land in 280.The story – part historical, part legend, and part mythical – romanticises and dramatises the lives of feudallords and their retainers, who tried to replace the dwindling Han dynasty or restore it. While the novelfollows hundreds of characters, the focus is mainly on the three power blocs that emerged from theremnants of the Han dynasty, and would eventually form the three states of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and EasternWu. The novel deals with the plots, personal and military battles, intrigues, and struggles of these states toachieve dominance for almost 100 years.Romance of the Three Kingdoms is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chineseliterature; it has a total of 800,000 words and nearly a thousand dramatic characters (mostly historical) in120 chapters. The novel is among the most beloved works of literature in East Asia, and its literaryinfluence in the region has been compared to that of the works of Shakespeare on English literature. It isarguably the most widely read historical novel in late imperial and modern China.Romance of The Three Kingdoms is one of the great chinese classics and is compiled into a semi-fictional literary masterpiece during the Ming Dynasty by Luo Guanzhong. The novel comprises around 70+% fact and 20+% fiction. Some issues such as Guan Yu's weapon weighing around 40+ kilograms, the capabilties of Lu Bu, Liu Bei's horses as well as the existence of the Hill of the Fallen Phoenix and some others are probably fictional.That period in history can be said as the golden age of chivalry and although it happened more than 1700 years ago, characters such as Liu Bei, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang have become household names among the chinese. Tales of their exploits, courage, adventures and many more are told in the novel "Romance of The Three Kingdoms".It is one of the most turbulent periods in China's history taking place toward the end of the Han Dynast y where corruption is rampant in the imperial court due to eunuches holding power. Coupled with natural disasters such as floods, plague and locust swarms devouring the crops grown by the peasants, hunger and disatisfaction among the peasants soon escalated rapidly until a major rebellion known as the "Yellow Scarves Rebellion" led by Zhang Jiao broke out. (It was dubbed "Yellow Scarves" because the rebels tied a yellow scarf on their head). Initially just a small band of rebels, dueto widespread hunger and ill-sentiment among the populace, swarms of common folks joined in the rebellion across many parts of the country.三国演义人物介绍刘备Liu Bei (161–223 AD), styled Xuándé (玄徳), was a general, warlord, and later the founding emperor of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Although having a later start than his rivals, also lacking both the material resources and social status they commanded, Liu Bei overcame his many defeats to carve out his own realm, that at its peak spanned modern day Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, part of Hubei, and part of Gansu.Culturally, due to the tremendously popular novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong, Liu Bei is widely known as the ideal benevolent, humane ruler who cared for his people and picked good advisors. His character was to advocate the Confucian set of moral values, such as loyalty and compassion.张飞Zhang Fei (?-221 AD) was a military general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China.Zhang Fei was shown to have been a masterful general rather than simply a warrior. He treated hissuperiors with respect, but had little respect for his underlings. He was often warned by Liu Bei that hishabit of over-punishing his own soldiers by lashing and killing would eventually bring himself disaster.Zhang Fei married Xiahou Yuan's daughter, who was captured by Zhang Fei's troops as she was outgathering firewood. They had a total of two daughters, and the older daughter became the empressof Shu Han after marrying Liu Shan, with Zhuge Liang as the matchmaker. After Zhang Fei's eldestdaughter had passed away due to natural causes, Zhuge Liang once again played the role ofmatchmaker, and Liu Shan married Zhang Fei's younger daughter, who thus succeeded her oldersister to become the empress of Shu Han.Zhang Fei is best portrayed through his description and actions depicted in Records of Three Kingdomsbiography by Chen Shou. Some claim that Zhang Fei was also an excellent painter.Zhang Fei was killed by his own men Zhang Da and Fan Jiang, while preparing his troops to attack therival Eastern Wu to avenge the death of Guan Yu. Zhang Da and Fan Jiang went on to defect to Wu.水浒传Outlaws of the Marsh / Water MarginWater Margin is a Chinese novel attributed to Shi Nai'an. Considered one of the Four Great ClassicalNovels ofChinese literature, the novel is written in vernacular Chinese rather than Classical Chinese.The story, set in the Song dynasty, tells of how a group of 108 outlaws gather at Mount Liang (orLiangshan Marsh) to form a sizable army before they are eventually granted amnesty by the governmentand sent on campaigns to resist foreign invaders and suppress rebel forces. It has introduced to readersmany of the best-known characters in Chinese literature, such as Wu Song, Lin Chong and Lu Zhishen.The novel "Outlaws of the Marsh" is somewhat like the Iliad and Odyssey... An ancient epic tale... no one remembers the period it was composed and immortalized.One knows this story is based on real facts and has inspired many storytellers.One knows the North Song Dynasty (XIIIth Century) lived its apogee and declined, a victim of corruption and decadence.One finds historical traces of these outlaws who challenged the imperial authority and died under the executioner's blade.At last, as anyone knows today that a man called Homer wrote the Iliad and Odyssey, no one doubts anymore that a man called Shi Nai-an wrote down during the XIVth century the novel Outlaws of the Marsh that reached us.Everyone recognizes that Jin Sheng-tan, during the XVIIth century, published what is now famous as the original version of a novel that obtained the interest and infatuation of successive generations.Water Margin or Outlaws of the Marsh ("All men are brothers" in Pearl Buck's translation, "Shui hu zhuan" in Chinese, "Au Bord de l'Eau" in French ) is an immortal novel because its tale is universal : it speaks of beings (outlaws but also notables, strong muscled heroes but also intellectual, anarchists but also philosophers...) who cannot bear injustice nor abuse nor arbitrariness...That is the reason they are immortal and their popularity has lasted for centuries .Discover the 108 heroes, the episodes , the paper-cuts representing them, the Beijing operas their fighting exploits inspired...人物Gai Ping Health gave special love make the world anyway, famous arena. Like charges to stick, chicken, and did not take wives, all hit others physique. Village Creek Village haunted legends, villagers digging a river in the town engraved art, ghost was rushed to the East seven. Classical hell, then alone will be engraved Creek Village in places away from the East side down. Thus so-called "Tota kings".晁盖平生仗义疏财，专爱结交天下好汉，闻名江湖。
(完整word版)中医英语期末复习
U1 Traditional Chinese Medicine：History and Development1.四大经典：黄帝内经：Huangdi`s Cannon of Medicine难经：Classic of Difficulties伤寒杂病论：Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases神农本草经：Shengnong`s Classic of Materia Medica2.金元四大家（four great medical schools in the Jin and Y uan Dynasties）及学术观点、学派刘完素——School of Cold and Cool。
believed that “fire—heat”was the main cause of a variety of diseases and these diseases should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature。
张从正——School of Purgation。
believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and advocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis,emesis and purgation。
李杲——School of Reinforcing the Earth。
held that “internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about various diseases”and emphasized that the most important thing in clinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach。
四大名著关于医学的内容
四大名著关于医学的内容
《四大名著关于医学的内容》
一、《黄帝内经》
《黄帝内经》是中国古老的医药经典，记载了先秦时期黄帝所知的医学知识，是中国医学上的最早系统性著作，也是世界最古老的医学经典，被誉为“东方医药三经”之首。
该书以记病原因，病症，疗法和饮食清淡为主，从五脏、六府、经络、腧穴、针灸等多方面深入探讨了有关中医理论。
二、《伤寒杂病论》
《伤寒杂病论》是由张仲景撰写的医学经典。
本书系统地概括了战国至汉代以来一些演义医学典籍，综合了医学理论，记录了大量关于中药、药物的有关记载，是中国古典医学文献中内容最丰富、观点最先进的一部著作。
三、《本草纲目》
《本草纲目》是由中国古代著名药物学家李时珍于明朝末年创作的一部医药经典，是中国古代药物学最杰出的学术成果。
这部经典记载了1892种常见中药，收录了中药的注射方法、制作方法、用法用量、性味归经等重要信息，对于研究中药知识有着重要的意义。
四、《随园食疗》
《随园食疗》是由明朝著名医学家唐代欧阳修创作的食疗书籍，收录了大量中药食疗实例，是中国古代最权威的食疗典籍。
《随园食疗》是中国古代食疗学的精华，涉及到中药鉴别、清理、制备、用药、
审诊等方面，对于食疗学的发展有着重要的影响。
四大名著的英文介绍
中国四大名著英文简介Chin ese Literature - Novels and ficti on Hongloumeng 红楼梦"The Dream of the Red Chamber" Also called "The story of the Stone （Shitouji 石头记）",this novel written by Cao Xueqin 曹雪芹（d. 1763） is said to be the greatest master pi ece of Chin ese ficti on. A wide bran ched scholarship does not consent about the main theme of this no vel, should it be a no vel of sen time nt, of Daoist-Buddhist en lighte nment, of social observati on, of the decay of an aristocratic familiy, or eve n a veiled attack on Man chu rule. The frame of the no vel is the con test of a Buddhist and a Daoist priest who make be born a young n oble boy called Jia Baoyu 贾宝玉and his girl cousin Lin Daiyu 林黛玉・With a loving detail describ ing the life of the two cous ins in a huge n oble mansion, betwee n garde ns and palaces, the red thread is the trian gular love betwee n Baoyu, Daiyu and a sec ond girl cous incalled Xue Baochai 薛宝钗that is of more plumper character tha n the ever sick Daiyu. Switchi ng betwee n their life, the divi ne world and dreams, Baoyu becomes dera nged after the disa pp eara nee of a stone (the origi n of the sec ond title) he had in his mouth whe n he was born. Not knowing, his love Daiyu died, he is tricked to marryi ng Baochai. Becom ing aware of being tricked, Baoyu leaves the world of the "red dust" and becomes a monk. With hun dreds of persons and their stories, p aralleli ng the life and feeli ngs of serva nts to the life of the mai n pers ons, the story is very complex and full of symbolisms, but very in teresti ng and convincing for its en cycl op edic character, dep ict ing the lifeof a no ble familiy in the 18th cen tury Qing China 清.三国演义Roma nee of The ThreeKin gdomsRoma nee of The Three Kin gdoms is one of the great chin ese classics and is com piled into a semi-ficti on al literary masterpiece duri ng the Ming Dyn asty by Luo Gua nzhong. The no vel comprises aro und 70+% fact and 20+% ficti on. Some issues such as Guan Y u's weap on weigh ing around 40+ kilograms, the capabilties of Lu Bu, Liu Bei's horses as well as the existe nee of the Hill of the Falle n P hoe nix and some others are probablyficti on al. That period in history can be said as the golde n age of chivalry and although it happened more tha n 1700 years ago, characters such as Liu Bei, Cao Cao,Guan Yu, Zha ng Fei and Zhuge Lia ng have become household n ames among the chin ese. Tales of their exploits, courage, adve ntures and many more are told in the no vel "Roma nee of The Three Kin gdoms".It is one of the most turbule nt periods in China's history tak ing place toward the end of the Han Dyn asty where corrupti on is rampant in theimp erial court due to eunu ches hold ing power. Coupled with n atural disasters such as floods, plague and locust swarms devouri ng the crops grow n by the p easa nts, hun ger and disatisfacti on among the p easa nts soon escalated rapidly un til a major rebelli on known as the "Y ellow Scarves Rebelli on" led by Zha ng Jiao broke out. (It was dubbed "Y ellow Scarves" because the rebels tied a yellow scarf on their head). In itially just a small band of rebels, due to widespread hun ger and ill-se ntime nt among the populace, swarms of comm on folks joined in the rebelli on across many parts of the coun try.三国演义人物介绍刘备Liu Bei (161 -223 AD), styled Xu nefe (玄徳),was a general, warlord, and later the founding emperor of Shu Han duri ng the Three Kin gdoms era of Chi na. Although hav ing a later start tha n his rivals, also lack ing both the material resources and social status they comma nded, Liu Bei overcame his many defeats to carve out his own realm, that at its p eak spanned moder n day Sichua n, Guizhou,Hunan, part of Hubei, and part of Gan su.Culturally, due to the treme ndously popular no vel Roma nee of the Three Kin gdoms by Luo Guanzhong, Liu Bei is widely known as the ideal ben evole nt, huma ne ruler who cared for his people and picked good advisors. His character was to advocate the Con fucia n set of moral values, such as loyalty and com passi on. 张飞Zhang Fei (?-221 AD) was a military gen eral of Shu Han duri ng the Three Kin gdoms era of China.Zhang Fei was show n to have bee n a masterful gen eral rather tha n simply a warrior. He treated his superiors with respect, but had little respect forhis un derli ngs・He was ofte n warned by LiuBei that his habit of over-p uni shi ng his own soldiers by lashi ng and killi ng would eve ntually bring himself disaster.Zha ng Fei married Xiahou Yuan's daughter, who was cap tured by Zhang Fei's troops as she was outgatheri ng firewood. They had a total of two daughters, and the older daughter became the empress of Shu Han after marrying Liu Shan, with Zhuge Lia ng as the matchmaker. After Zhang Fei's eldest daughter had p assed away due to n atural causes, Zhuge Lia ng once aga in played the role of matchmaker, and Liu Sha n married Zha ng Fei's youn ger daughter, who thus succeeded her older sister to become the empress of Shu Han.Zha ng Fei is best portrayed through his descripti on and acti ons depicted in Records of Three Kin gdoms biography by Che n Shou. Some claim that Zha ng Fei was also an excelle nt pain ter.Zha ng Fei was killed by his own menZha ng Da and Fan Jia ng, while prepari ng his troops to attack the rival Easter n Wu to ave ngethe death of Guan Yu・Zhang Da and Fan Jia ng went on to defect to Wu.水浒传Outlaws of the MarshThe novel "Outlaws of the Marsh" is somewhat likethe Iliad and Odyssey... An an cie nt epic tale... no one remembers the period it was composed and immortalized. One knows this story is based on real facts and has in spired many storytellers.One knows the North So ng Dy nasty (XIIIth Cen tury) lived its apogee and decli ned, a victim of corrupti on and decade nee.One finds historical traces of these outlaws who challe nged the imperial authority and died un der the executi on er's blade.At last, as anyone knows today that a man called Homer wrote the Iliad and Odyssey, no one doubts an ymore that a man called Shi Nai-a n wrote dow nduri ng the XIVth cen tury the no vel Outlaws of the Marsh that reached us.Every one recog ni zes that Jin Shen g-ta n, duri ng the XVIIth cen tury, published what is now famous as the origi nal vers ion of a no vel that obta ined the in terest and in fatuati on ofsuccessive gen erati ons・Water Margin or Outlaws of the Marsh ("All men are brothers" i n Pearl Buck's tran slati on, "Shui hu zhua n" in Chin ese, "Au Bord de r Eau" i n French ) is an immortal no vel because its tale is uni versal : it sp eaks of beings (outlaws but also no tables, strong muscled heroes but also in tellectual, an archists but also philosophers...) who cannot bear injustice nor abuse nor arbitrari ness...That is the reas on they are immortal and their popularity has lasted for cen turies . Discover the 108 heroes, the episodes , the paper-cuts represe nting them, the Beiji ng operas their fighti ng exploits inspired...人物Gai Ping Health gave special love make the world any way, famous are na. Like charges to stick, chicke n, and did not take wives, all hit others physique. Village Creek Village haun ted lege nds, villagers digg ing a river in the tow n en graved art, ghost was rushed to the East seve n. Classical hell, the n alone will be en graved Creek Villagein places away from the East side dow n. Thus so-called "Tota kings". 晁盖西游记Pilgrimage to the West生仗义疏财，专爱结交天下好汉，闻名江湖。
中医名著的英文名
五十二病方Prescriptions for Fifty-two Diseases 马王堆汉墓出土的先秦医方书。
灵枢经Miraculous Pivot 约成书于战国时期。
素问Plain Questions 《黄帝内经素问》的简称。
现存最早的中医理论著作，约成书于战国时期。
黄帝内经Inner Canon of Huangdi; Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor 为《灵枢经》《素问》两书的合称，简称《内经》。
现存最早的中医理论著作，约成书于战国时期。
神农本草经Shennong's Classic of Material Medical 现存最早的中药著作，约成书于西汉以前。
难经Classic of Questioning 中医理论著作，旧题秦越人撰，约成书于东汉以前。
伤寒杂病论Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases 中医临床著作，东汉张仲景撰。
已佚。
后世根据该书佚文，分别整理成《伤寒论》、《金匮要略》。
伤寒论Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases 中医临床著作，东汉张仲景撰。
金匮要略Synopsis of Golden Chamber 中医临床著作，东汉张仲景撰。
针灸甲乙经A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 针灸学著作，魏晋间皇甫谧撰。
脉经Pulse Classic 中医脉学著作，西晋王叔和撰。
肘后备急方Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency 中医方剂著作，东晋葛洪撰。
刘涓子鬼遗方Liu Juanzi's Remedies Bequeathed by Ghosts 中医外科著作，晋代刘涓子撰，南北朝齐龚庆宣整理。
雷公炮炙论Master Lei's Discourse on Drug Processing 中药炮制著作，南北朝刘宋雷●撰。
四大名著的英语
四大名著的英语四大名著英文：The Story of Stone 红楼梦、Romantic of Three Kingdoms 三国演义、Journey to The West 西游记、All Men Are Brothers 水浒传。
1、The Story of Stone 红楼梦英国著名汉学家霍克斯和闵福德合译的《The Story of the Stone》（石头记）。
直到1973年，霍克斯深知“红楼”涵义难以完整地翻译，于是他放弃了“红楼梦”这个名字，而选择曹著的本名“石头记”，译作The Story of the Stone。
这个犹如神助的更名避免了硬译“红楼”的困窘，更加贴合西方文化的理解，同时又无损原著的完整，真可谓两全其美！2、Romantic of Three Kingdoms 三国演义《三国演义》，全名为《三国志通俗演义》，又称作《三国志传》、《三国全传》、《三国英雄志传》，是中国第一部长篇历史章回小说。
作者是元末明初的罗贯中。
3、Journey to The West 西游记《西游记》的译名有多种:《圣僧的天国之行》《一个佛教徒的天国历程》《猴》《猴王》，《猴与诸神魔历险记》等等。
3、目前《西游记》的英文全译本中影响最大的,由长期从事中国古典文学研究的著名汉学家比尔.詹纳尔(w . J . F . jenner)教授所译的《Journey to the west》。
4、All Men Are Brothers 水浒传《水浒传》的英文译本有多种，最早的70回译本定名为《Water Margin》，由于出现最早和最贴近原名的原因这个译名往往被认为是标准译名，美国女作家、1938年诺贝尔文学奖得主赛珍珠在将它翻译成英文时就定名为：《All Men Are Brothers》（即《四海之内皆兄弟》）。
扩展：四大名著，是中国古代章回体小说《三国演义》，《西游记》，《水浒传》，《红楼梦》，是汉语文学的一大特色。
四大名著英文简介
《三国演义》----《The Romance of the Three Kindoms》《水浒传》----《The Story by the Water Margin》《红楼梦》----《The Dream of the Red Chamber 》《西游记》----《Journey to the West》Chinese Literature - Novels and fiction红楼梦"The Dream of the Red Chamber"Also called "The story of the Stone (Shitouji 石头记)", this novel written by Cao Xueqin 曹雪芹 is said to be the greatest masterpiece (杰作) of Chinese fiction. With hundreds of persons and their stories, paralleling the life and feelings of servants to the life of the main persons, the story is very complex and full of symbolisms, but very interesting and convincing (有说服力的) for its encyclopedic character (百科全书式的人物), describing the life of a noble familiy in the 18th century Qing China 清.三国演义Romance of The Three KingdomsRomance of The Three Kingdoms is one of the great chinese classics (中国古典文学) and is compiled into a semi-fictional (半虚构的) literary masterpiece during the Ming Dynasty by Luo Guanzhong. The novel comprises around 70+% fact and 20+% fiction. Some issues such as GuanYu's weapon weighing around 40+ kilograms, the capabilties of Lu Bu, Liu Bei's horses as well as the existence of the Hill of the Fallen Phoenix and some others are probably fictional. That period in history can be said as the golden age of chivalry (游侠、骑士) and although it happened more than 1700 years ago, characters such as Liu Bei, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang have become household names among the chinese. Tales of their exploits (开拓), courage, adventures and many more are told in the novel "Romance of The Three Kingdoms".水浒传Outlaws (亡命徒) of the Marsh (沼泽)/ The water MarginThe novel "Outlaws of the Marsh" is somewhat like an ancient epic tale (史诗故事). No one remembers the period it was composed. One knows this story is based on real facts and has inspired many storytellers. One knows the North Song Dynasty (XIIIth Century) lived its apogee (最高点)and declined, a victim of corruption (腐败) and decadence (衰落).One finds historical traces of these outlaws who challenged the imperial authority. Water Margin or Outlaws of the Marsh ("All men are brothers" in Pearl Buck's (Pearl Buck 美国传奇女作家) translation, "Shui hu zhuan" in Chinese, "Au Bord de l'Eau" in French ) is an immortal (不朽的) novel because its tale is universal : it speaks of beings (outlaws but also notables, strong muscled heroes but also intellectual, anarchists (无政府主义者) but also philosophers) who cannot bear injustice nor abuse nor arbitrariness (专横).西游记Journey to the WestJourney to the West is a mythological (神话的) novel based on many centuries of popular tradition. It was probably put into its present form in the 15708 by Wu Cheng’en (1500-82).This lively fantasy relates the amazing adventures of the priest San-zang as he travels west in search of Buddhist sutras (佛经) with his three disciples (徒弟), the monkey king, greedy Pig, and Friar Sand. The main story, the journey, takes the priest through all kinds of tribulations, mainly at the hands of monsters who want to eat him. Only the courage and powers of his disciples, especially Monkey, save him from death.Swallows may have gone, but there is a time of return; willow trees may have died back, but there is a time of regreening; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they will bloom again. Now, you the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return? - If they had been stolen by someone, who could it be? Where could he hide them? If they had made the escape themselves, then where could they stay at the moment?燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。
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食医心鉴 Heart Mirror of Dietotherapy 中医食疗著作，唐代昝殷 撰。
海药本草 Oversea Materia Medica 中药著作，五代前蜀李珣撰。 太平圣惠方 Taiping Holy Prescriptions for Universal Relief 官修中 医方剂著作，北宋王怀隐等撰。
经史证类备急本草 Classified Material Medical from Historical Classics for Emergency中药著作，宋代唐慎微撰。 太平惠民和剂局方 Prescriptions of the Bureau of Taiping People's Welfare Pharmacy 官修中医方剂著作，宋代陈承、裴宗元等撰。 圣济总录 General Records of Holy Universal Relief 官修中医方剂 著作，宋代赵佶等撰。
温疫论 On Plague Diseases 中医温病著作，明代吴有性撰。 审视瑶函 Precious Book of Ophthalmology 中医眼科著作，明代 傅仁宇撰。
医方集解 Collected Exegesis of Recipes中医方剂著作，清代汪昂 撰。
汤头歌诀 Recipes in Rhymes 入门性方剂著作，清代汪昂撰。
普济方 Prescriptions for Universal Relief 中医方剂著作，明代朱 ● 主编。 救荒本草 Material Medical for Famines 中药著作，明代朱 ●等撰。 本草品汇精要 Collected Essentialsof Speciesof Material Medical 中药著作，明代刘文泰等撰。 名医类案 Classified Case Records of Celebrated Physicians中医医 案著作，明代江瓘编。 古今医统大全 Medical Complete Book, Ancient and Modern 中医 学丛书，明代徐春甫辑。
寿世保元 Longevity and Life Preservation中医综合性著作， 明代龚 廷贤撰。
外科正宗 Orthodox Manual of External Diseases中医外科著作，明 代陈实功撰。 医贯 Key Link of Medicine 中医医论著作，明代赵献可撰。
济阴纲目 Outline for Women's Diseases 中医妇产科著作，明代武 之望撰。 景岳全书 Jingyue's Complete Works 中医综合性医书，明代张景 岳撰。 类经 Classified Canon 《内经》注释类书，明代张景岳撰。 霉疮秘录 Secret Record for Syphilis中医性病著作，明代陈司成撰。
五十二病方 Prescriptionsfor Fifty-two Diseases马王堆汉墓出土的 先秦医方书。 灵枢经 Miraculous Pivot 约成书于战国时期。
素问 Plain Questions《黄帝内经素问》的简称。现存最早的中医理 论著作，约成书于战国时期。
黄帝内经 Inner Canon of Huangdi; Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor 为《灵枢经》《素问》两书的合称，简称《内经》。现存最早的中医 理论著作，约成书于战国时期。
本草衍义 Augmented Material Medical 中药著作，宋代寇宗奭撰。 圣济经 Classic of Holy Benevolence 中医综合性著作，宋代赵佶撰。 小儿药证直诀 Key to Therapeutics of Children's Diseases中医儿科 著作，宋代钱乙撰。 伤寒明理论 Concise Exposition on Cold Pathogenic Diseases医伤 中 寒著作，金代成无己撰。
伤寒论 Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases 中医临床著作， 东汉张 仲景撰。
金匮要略 Synopsis of Golden Chamber中医临床著作，东汉张仲景 撰。
针灸甲乙经 A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion针灸学著 作，魏晋间皇甫谧撰。
洗冤录 Records for Washing Away of Wrong Cases法医著作， 南宋 宋慈撰。
兰室秘藏 Secret Book of Orchid Chamber 中医综合性著作， 金代 李杲撰。
秘传眼科龙木论
Nagarjuna's Ophthalmology Secretly Handed
幼幼新书 New Book of Pediatrics中医儿科著作，南宋刘昉等编撰。 宣明论方 Clear Synopsison Recipes 中医方剂著作，金代刘完素 撰。
三因极一病证方论 Treatise on Three Categories of Pathogenic Factors 中医综合性著作，宋代陈言撰。
局方发挥 Elaboration of Bureau Prescription 中医综合性著作，元 代朱震亨撰。
回回药方 Huihui Formularies 方剂著作，未著撰人， 约成书于元末。
丹溪心法 Danxi's Mastery of Medicine 中医综合性著作，旧题元代 朱震亨撰，明代程充校订。
诸病源候论 General Treatise on Causesand Manifestations of All Diseases中医病因证候著作，隋代巢元方等撰。
备急 千金要方 Essential Recipes for Emergent Use Worth A Thousand Gold 中医方剂著作，唐代孙思邈撰。 新修本草 Newly Revised Materia Medica 官修中药著作，唐代苏敬 等撰。
世医得效方 Effective Formulae Handed Down for Generations中医 方剂著作，元代危亦林撰。
十四经发挥 Elucidation of Fourteen Channels中医针灸著作，元代 滑寿撰。 格致余论 Further Discourses on the Properties of Things 中医综合 性著作，元代朱震亨撰。
万病回春 Curative Measures for All Diseases中医综合性著作， 明代 龚廷贤撰。
针灸大成 Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 中医针灸 著作，明代杨继洲撰。 证治准绳 Standards for Diagnosis and Treatment 中医临床医学丛 书，明代王肯堂撰。
中
医医案著作， 清代叶桂原撰，其门人辑。
幼幼集成 Complete Work on Children's Diseases 中医儿科著作， 清代陈复正撰。
喉科指掌 Guide Book for Laryngology 中医喉科著作， 清代张宗良 撰。
串雅内编 Internal Therapies of Folk Medicine 中医临床著作，清代 赵学敏撰。
脉经 Pulse Classic中医脉学著作，西晋王叔和撰。 肘后备急方 Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency 中医方剂著 作，东晋葛洪撰。
刘涓子鬼遗方 Liu Juanzi's Remedies Bequeathed by Ghosts 中医外 科著作，晋代刘涓子撰，南北朝齐龚庆宣整理。
外科证治全生集 Life-saving Manual of Diagnosis and Treatment of External Diseases 简称《外科全生集》。中医外科著作，清代王洪 绪撰。
医宗金鉴 Golden Mirror of Medicine 中医学丛书，清代吴谦等撰。
临证指南医案 Guide to Clinical Practice with Medical Records
千金翼方 A Supplementto RecipesWorth A Thousand Gold 中医 方剂著作，唐代孙思邈撰。
本草拾遗 A Supplement to Materia Medica 中药著作，唐代陈藏器 撰。
食疗本草 Materia Medica for Dietotherapy 中药著作， 唐代孟诜撰， 张鼎增补。 外台秘要方 Arcane Essentials from the Imperial Library 中医方剂 著作，唐代王焘撰。
雷公炮炙论 Master Lei's Discourse on Drug Processing中药炮制著 作，南北朝刘宋雷 ●撰。
神农本草经集注 Variorum of Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica 中药著作，南北朝梁陶弘景撰。
黄帝内经太素 Grand Simplicity of Inner Canon of Huangdi 《黄帝 内经》整理注释类著作，隋代杨上善撰。
Down 中医眼科著作，未著撰人，约宋元间编撰。
汤液本草 Material Medical for Decoctions中药著作，元代王好古 撰。