词性转换
词性转换总结与归纳总结

词性转换总结与归纳总结词性转换是英语学习中的一个重要内容,它可以帮助我们拓展词汇量,丰富表达方式。
在这篇文章中,我将总结和归纳常见的词性转换规则,并给出一些示例,以帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些规则。
一、名词转动词名词转动词的常见方式有:加后缀、意义转换和词组转换。
1. 加后缀:- -ize、-ify:将名词转换为动词,并赋予“使……化”的含义。
例如:critic(评论家)→ criticize(批评)- -en:将名词转换为动词,并赋予“使……变得”的含义。
例如:deep(深度)→ deepen(加深)2. 意义转换:- 名词词义变动后,作为动词使用。
例如:experience(经验)→ experience(经历)3. 词组转换:- 名词+动词转换:名词作为动词使用。
例如:camera(相机)→ camera(拍照)二、动词转名词动词转名词的主要方式有:加后缀、意义转换和短语转换。
1. 加后缀:- -tion、-ation、-ment:将动词转换为名词,并赋予“……的行为、状态或结果”的含义。
例如:experience(经历)→ experience(经验)2. 意义转换:- 动词词义变动后,作为名词使用。
例如:swim(游泳)→ swim(游泳运动)3. 短语转换:- 动词+名词转换:动词作为名词使用。
例如:run(奔跑)→ run(竞选)三、形容词转副词形容词转副词的常见方式是:加后缀。
1. 加后缀:- -ly:将形容词转换为副词。
例如:quick(快速的)→ quickly(快速地)四、副词转形容词副词转形容词的方式主要是:移出后缀和意义转换。
1. 移出后缀:- 副词的-ly后缀去掉后,即变为形容词。
例如:beautifully(优美地)→ beautiful(美丽的)2. 意义转换:- 副词的词义变动后,作为形容词使用。
例如:fast(快速地)→ fast(快的)五、形容词转名词形容词转名词的方式主要是:加不定冠词或定冠词。
词性转换

词性转换词性转换是最考研翻译中常用的翻译方法。
在以前学英语的过程中,我们头脑里会把名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连接词、代词等词类分得清清楚楚。
这对于一个英语是外语的学生来说,本该是一个长处。
但强调词性的概念在翻译时就可能成为译者的障碍。
因为翻译是英汉语两种语言之间的转换,在英语里可以用一个名词表达的概念,翻译成汉语也许可用一个动词来表达。
词性转换就是把英语中的某种词性,转换成汉语的另外一种词性来表达的翻译技巧。
词性转换几乎可以在所有词性间进行,如名词转换成动词,动词转换成名词,介词转换成动词,副词转换成动词,名词转换成形容词等等,都是常常使用的,在考研翻译中,常见的词性转换方式有以下四种,现一一讲解如下。
一、转译成动词英语和汉语比较起来,汉语多用动词,往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词,而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。
例如:I admire your decision to fight for the difficulties in preparing the examination.译文:你决定战胜复习考试中的困难,这一点我很羡慕。
在上面的英语句子中,谓语动词只有admires一个词,其它用的是动词派生名词(decision)、不定式(to fight)、分词(preparing)等。
但是翻译为汉语,却几乎都用动词来翻译了。
由于汉语没有词形变化,但可以几个动词连用。
因此,英语中的一些词类(尤其是名词、形容词、副词)在翻译时往往可以转译成动词。
(一)名词转译成动词英语中有大量由动词派生的名词和具有动作意义的名词以及其它名词往入可转译成汉语动词。
1.由动词派生的名词转译成动词。
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness.在中国,人们非常注重讲礼貌。
词性转换

动词变名词1. v+ ment 结尾achieve--achievement 成就advertise--advertisement// advertisingagree--(in )agreement apartment 公寓amusement 娱乐argue---argument争吵commit奉献--commitment compliment 称赞,恭维develop--development disagree--disagreement department 局,部experiment 实验,试验equip 装备--equipment 装备,器材govern 统治--government 政府manage--management 经营管理2. v+ tion 结尾attract吸引--attraction 有吸引力的事或人conclude--conclusion 结论compete--competition 竞争,比赛discuss--discussion 讨论educate--educationdecide--decisiondescribe--description描写,描绘express 表达--expression 词语;表达方式graduate 毕业--graduation operate 操作,动手术--operation organize--organizationinstruct--instruction 指导,介绍invent--inventor / invention invite--invitationinspire--inspiration 灵感,鼓舞人心的pollute--pollution 污染predict--prediction 预言pronounce--pronunciation resolve 决心--resolution 决心permit 允许--permission suggest-建议,暗示--suggestion solve解决--solution 解决方法3. v+ ance 结尾appear--appearance 外貌,出现perform--performance 演出4. v+ ing 结尾bathe 洗澡--bathingend 结束--ending 结尾,结局train 训练--training mean--meaning 意义say--saying 谚语5. v+ 其他beg(乞讨)--beggar 乞丐behave 行为,举止--behavior know 知道--knowledge 知识fly--flight 飞行heat 加热--heat 热量hit 撞击--hit 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞mix 混合--mixture 混合物press 按,压--pressure 压力sit--seat 座位succeed--successtour 旅游,作巡回演出(直接+地点)tour China--tour 旅游/ tourist 游客名词变形容词1. 名词+y anger 生气--angry hunger--hungryfog--foggy有雾的fur--furry 毛皮的guilt 罪恶--guilty 内疚的health--healthyluck--luckycloud--cloudywind--windy rain--rainysnow--snowysun--sunnytourist--touristy 游客多的business--busysalt 盐--salty 咸的shine--shiny 发亮的silk 丝绸--silky 丝绸般的sleep--sleepy 昏昏欲睡的taste 口味,品味--tasty 甜的2. 名词+ edbalance--balanced 平衡的spot 斑点,地点--spotted 有斑点的talent--talented 有天赋的organized 有组织的disgusted 厌恶的offended 生气的crowded 拥挤的polluted 被污染的pleased 高兴的3. 名词+ ful/lessmeaning--meaningful 有意义的care--careful/ careless 小心的;粗心的help--helpful / helpless home--homeless 无家可归的colour--colourfulpain 疼痛--painful 痛苦的use--useless/ usefulthank--thankful 充满感激的peace 和平--peaceful 平静的,宁静的playful 顽皮的,爱玩耍的4. 名词+ ableadjustable 可调整的comfort--comfortable knowledge--knowledgeable suit 一套--suitable 合适的5. 名词+ ousenormous 巨大的danger--dangerous mystery 神秘--mysterious 神秘的6. ce 变tconfidence--confident difference--different 7. al 结尾medicine 药--medical 医学的music--musicalnature--natural 自然的person--personal私人的nation--national 国家的education--educational有教育意义的tradition--traditional 传统的origin起源--original 新颖的;独创的8. 名词+ lyfriend--friendlylive--lively 活跃的,有生气的love--lovely 可爱的9.+ en 结尾wood--wooden 木制的wool--woolen 羊毛的10. 其他energy精力--energeticfool 傻子--foolish 愚蠢的freedom 自由--free 空的,免费的height 高度--highillness 疾病--illlove--loving 慈爱的death--deadpleasure--pleasant / pleased popularity 流行性--popular pride--proudscientist--scientific 科学的方位的词表达名词--形容词East--eastern West--western South--southern North--northernIn the west of ChinaIn the western part of China四大洲名词-----形容词Asia 亚洲--Asian Africa 非洲--African Europe欧洲--European America 美洲—American形容词变副词1. 形容词+ lybad--badlybright--brightly 明亮地casual--casually 随意地clear--clearly 清楚地complete--completely 完全correct--correctly 正确地final--finallyfortunate--fortunately幸运地general--generally 一般来讲loud--loudlyparticular 特殊的,独特的--particularlypolite--politelyproper 合适的,恰当的--properly main--mainly 主要地most 多数--mostly 多半,大多数normal--normally 正常地quick--quicklyquiet--quietly 轻轻地,安静地real--reallyrecent 最近的--recently 最近;近来hard 难的;努力地--hardly 几乎不late 迟的--lately 最近;近来sad--sadlyslow--slowlyspecial--specially 专门,特殊地specific--specifically 特定地,明确地strong--strongly 坚决地,强烈地sudden--suddenly突然usual--usually2. 以le 结尾的去e + ycomfortable--comfortably gentle--gently possible--possiblysimple--simply 仅仅;只;简单地terrible--terribly3. 辅音字母+ y 变ilyhappy--happily easy--easilyheavy--heavily4. 特殊good--well好地true--truly名词--形容词--副词beauty 美,美人--beautiful--beautifullycare--careful--carefullycare--careless--carelesslydifference--different--differentlyhappiness--happy--happilyhunger--hungry--hungrilyhealth--healthy--healthilyluck--lucky--luckilynoise--noisy--noisilypride--proud--proudly骄傲地sadness--sad--sadlysafety 安全;安全的地方--safe--safelysilence--silent--silently 默默地success--successful--successfullytruth--true--trulyunluck--unlucky--unluckilywonder 奇迹--wonderful--wonderfully既是形容词又是副词early get up early an early trainlate be late for class come late for schooldeep dive deep into the sea a hole deep largehigh jump high a high mountainhard a hard question a hard stonework hard/study hard rain hardlong It takes too long. It takes a long timefar jump far My home is far from school straight a straight line go straight along here。
词汇学-词性转换法

02 应对四六级考试中词汇运用和语法结构的考察。
在翻译实践中的应用前景
通过词性转换法,准确传 达原文含义,保持译文流 畅自然。
丰富译文的表达方式和语 言风格,提高翻译质量。
应对不同语言间的词性差 异,提高翻译的灵活性和 准确性。
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副词转换为形容词
技巧:在副词后加上适当的形容词词 缀,如“-able”、“-ive”等,可以
将其转换为形容词。
"possible"原为副词,表示“可能 地”,去掉词缀“-ly”后变为形容词
"possible",表示“可能的”。
实例
"active"原为副词,表示“积极地”, 去掉词缀“-ly”后变为形容词 "active",表示“积极的、活跃的”。
形容词转换为副词
技巧:在形容词前加 上适当的副词词缀,
如“-ly”、“wise”等,可以将其
转换为副词。
实例
"quick"原为形容词, 表示“快速的”,加 上词缀“-ly”后变为 副词"quickly",表示
“快速地”。
"wise"原为形容词, 表示“明智的”,加 上词缀“-ly”后变为 副词"wisely",表示 “明智地、聪明地”。
动词转换为名词
技巧:在动词后加上适当的名词词缀,如“-tion”、 “-ment”、“-ance”等,可以将其转换为名词。
输标02入题
实例
01
03
"perform"原为动词,表示“表演、执行”,加上词 缀“-ance”后变为名词"performance",表示“表
词语的词性转换

词语的词性转换词语的词性转换在语言学中被称为词性变化,是指一个词语从一个词性转变为另一个词性的过程。
词性转换是语言表达的重要手段,通过改变词性能够丰富语言表达的方式,使语言更加灵活多变。
本文将就词性转换的概念、常见的词性转换规则以及词性转换的应用进行探讨。
一、词性转换的概念词性是指词语在句子中所表达的语法功能和意义。
常见的词性包括名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等。
词性转换是指一个词语从一个词性转变为另一个词性的过程。
例如,“明亮”是形容词,经过转化后可以变成“明亮地”,成为副词。
词性转换的结果往往是一个新的词语,具有不同的形态和词性。
二、常见的词性转换规则1. 名词转动词:通过加上动词性后缀,或者直接使用动词义,将名词转变为动词。
例如,“笑”是名词,经转化后可以变为“笑笑”、“笑出声”等动词形式。
2. 动词转名词:通过加上名词性后缀,或者通过所指代的对象来表示动作的结果,将动词转变为名词。
例如,“跑”是动词,经转化后可以变为“跑步”、“奔跑”等名词形式。
3. 形容词转副词:通过加上副词性后缀,或者去掉形容词的形容功能,使其表达修饰动作、程度、方式等意义的副词。
例如,“高兴”是形容词,经转化后可以变为“高兴地”、“欢乐地”等副词形式。
4. 副词转形容词:通过加上形容词性后缀,或者通过表示程度的副词来表示一种性质或状态,将副词转变为形容词。
例如,“迅速”是副词,经转化后可以变为“迅速的”、“快速的”等形容词形式。
三、词性转换的应用1. 丰富词语的表达:通过词性转换可以丰富词语的表达方式,使句子更加生动有趣。
例如,“飞”(动词)可以转化为“飞行”(名词),以扩展其表达范围。
2. 增强修饰手段:通过将形容词转化为副词,可以更准确地表达出动作的方式、程度等。
例如,“快”(形容词)可以转化为“快速地”(副词),表示动作的速度或方式。
3. 提高句子的连贯性:通过词性转换,可以使词语在句子中的词性统一,增强句子的连贯性。
词性转换

词性转换Danger N→ dangerous Adj 危险的Fun N → funny Adj 有趣的Africa → African 非洲人的America → American 美国的Asia→ Asian 亚洲的Europe →European 欧洲的Health健康→ healthy 健康的Beauty 美丽→beautiful 美丽的Luck →lucky幸运的反义词unlucky Tradition → t raditional 传统的Use V→ useful 有用的AdjHelpV → helpful 有助的,有益的AdjHappy→ 反义词:unhappy Expensive=dear → 反义词:cheap strange:奇怪的Adj → stranger:陌生人Nworry: 担心V→worried: 担心的Adjcheer: 为……喝彩V →cheerful: 快乐的,愉快的Adjwin:赢V→ winner:胜利者Nrain N → ra iny Adjtour旅行→tourist游客/tourism 旅游业succeed V→ success N →successful Adj die V→ dead Adj → death N 死亡marry V →married Adj 结婚的relax V → relaxed/ relaxing Adj 放松的,轻松的noise N → noisy Adj 喧闹的visit V → visitor N 拜访者gold N→ golden Adj 金色的write V → writ er N 作家build V → building N 建筑物Germany N → German Adj 德国人的Health N——healthy Adj —— healthily Adv—— unhealthy 反义词mean V →meaning N 意思,含义advise V →advice N 建议practise V →practice N 练习pronounce V →pronunciation N 发音suggest V →suggestion N 建议possible Adj →impossible →possibility N 可能性choose V →choice N 选择nature N → natural Adj 自然的culture N →cultural Adj 文化的difficult Adj → difficulty N 困难important Adj → importance N 重要性confident Adj → confidence N 自信silent Adj → silence N 沉默different Adj →diffe rence N 差异appear V →appearance N 外貌,露面enjoy V →enjoyable Adj 快乐的,令人愉快的invite V → invitation N 邀请comfort N → comfortable Adj 舒适的widen V →wide Adj→ width N 宽度deepen V →deep Adj→depth N 深度east/west/north/southN→east ern/west ern Adjcareful →careles s 粗心的close V →closed Adj 关闭的crowd N → crowded Adj 拥挤的actress →actor 女演员/男演员nation N →national Adj 国家的,民族的tradition N →traditional Adj 传统的land V → landing N 登入solve V → solution N 解决方案peace N →peaceful Adj 和平的produce V → production N 生产medicine N →medical Adj 医疗的taste V →tasty Adj 好吃的salt N →salty Adj 咸的surprise N →surprised/surprising Adj 令人感到奇怪的cloud/wind/rain/snow/sun N →cloud y/wind y/rain y/snow y/sun ny Adj show V →shower N 阵雨protect V →protection N 保护discuss V →discussion Nproud Adj → prid e N 骄傲strange Adj → stranger N 陌生人interest N→ interested/interesting Adj invent V→ invention N 发明Germany N→ Germans 德国人/德国的West N→western Adj 西方的Cook V→ cook 厨师cooker 厨具N Possible → impossible 反义词不可能Communicate V→ communication N 交流Explain V→ explanation N 解释,说明Introduce V→ introduction N 介绍Expect V→ expectation N Environment N →Environmental Adj 环境的Nation N→ national Adj国家的Culture N→ cultural Adj 文化的Centre N→central Adj 中心的Ill N→ illness N 疾病Sleep V→ Adj sleepy 困的,恹恹欲睡的sleeping /asleep 睡着的Weak Adj → weakness N 虚弱的Humor N→ humorous Adj 幽默的Satisfy V→ Adj satisfied 满意的Noise N→ noisy Adj 吵闹的,喧哗的Value N→ valuable Adj 有价值的Success N→ successful Adj →V succeed 成功Pleasure N→ pleased(主语是“人”高兴的,满意地/ pleasant(主语是“物”使人感到高兴,愉快AdjWeigh V→ weight N体重Short Adj → shorts N 短裤Thirst N→ thirsty Adj 口渴得late Adj → latest 最近的develop V→ developing/developed 发展中/发达国家→developmentpass V→ past过去的Adj→Adv 经过Wake V→ awake N 醒着的Lone 孤独的,无伴的,孤零零的Lonely 情感上的孤单Alone 独自Silence N→ silent Adj 安静的Avoid V → avoidable → avoidance 避免NMarry V → marriage N 婚姻Present V → presenter N 主持人interview V → interviewee 被面试的人/interviewer 面试的人die V → dying 垂死的,即将要死的dead 死了的Adj→ death NLove V→lovely 可爱的Adj loving 慈祥的Decide V→ decision N 决定Own V→owner N 主人Satisfy V→ satisfied Adj→ satisfaction N 满足Excited Adj→ excitement N 激动Broke V→ broken Adj 破碎的Kind Adj→ kindness N 仁慈,好意Fair Adj→ unfair 不公平Ice N→ iced Adj 结冰的Old → elder=older 年长的Kid N→ kidding 玩笑True Adj→ truth N 真理,真相Achieve V →achievement N 成就Keep V →keeper N 看守人,保安,饲养人Remain V → remaining Adj 剩余的Independent Adj → independence N 独立。
词性转换的技巧

词性转换的技巧词性转换是指将一个词从一种词性转换为另一种词性的过程。
这在语言表达中非常常见,可以使文句更加丰富、有趣,同时也可以提高表达的准确性。
下面我将介绍一些常见的词性转换的技巧。
1. 名词转动词:名词转动词的方法有多种。
一种常见的方法是在名词前加上动词“做”,例如:“教育”可以转化为“做教育”,“研究”可以转化为“做研究”。
另一种方法是在名词前加上动词“变成”,例如:“笑”可以转化为“变成笑”。
2. 形容词转副词:形容词转副词的方法也有很多。
一种常见的方法是在形容词后加上“地”,例如:“快”可以转化为“快地”,“慢”可以转化为“慢地”。
另一种方法是在形容词后加上“地说”,例如:“真实”可以转化为“真实地说”,“明确”可以转化为“明确地说”。
3. 动词转名词:动词转名词的方法也有多种。
一种常见的方法是在动词前加上“之”,例如:“见”可以转化为“见之”,“听”可以转化为“听之”。
另一种方法是在动词前加上“的”,例如:“做”可以转化为“做的”,“读”可以转化为“读的”。
4. 名词转形容词:名词转形容词的方法有多种。
一种常见的方法是在名词后加上“的”,例如:“困难”可以转化为“困难的”,“美丽”可以转化为“美丽的”。
另一种方法是在名词前加上“具有”,例如:“价值”可以转化为“具有价值的”,“特点”可以转化为“具有特点的”。
5. 副词转动词:副词转动词的方法也有多种。
一种常见的方法是在副词后加上动词“做”,例如:“迅速”可以转化为“迅速做”,“安静”可以转化为“安静做”。
另一种方法是在副词后加上动词“变成”,例如:“成形”可以转化为“变成成形”,“明亮”可以转化为“变成明亮”。
6. 状语转形容词:状语转形容词的方法也有多种。
一种常见的方法是在状语前加上形容词“是”,例如:“完全”可以转化为“是完全的”,“不可避免”可以转化为“是不可避免的”。
另一种方法是在状语前加上形容词“之”,例如:“明显”可以转化为“之明显”,“难以置信”可以转化为“之难以置信”。
英语单词词性转换

英语单词词性转换一、动词v.→名词n.1、词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"的名词例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer,jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner,visit—visitor, invent—inventor,collect—collector等.注意:1以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r.例如:drive—driver, write—writer等.2以辅音字母开头并以元音字母加辅音字母结尾的单词,应双写末尾的辅音字母再加er; 例如:run—runner, win—winner,begin—beginner等.2.在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词例如:achieve—achievement 成就advertise—advertisement例如:argue—argument争论3.在动词词尾加上-tion/sion变成名词例如: attract—attraction; instruct—instruction;invent—invention discuss—discussion;express—expression educate—education;graduate—graduation; operate—operation 去e再加"ion"compete—competition; organize—organization 把e改成其他字母再加"tion"decide—decision conclude—conclusion 把de改为s再加"ion"describe—description描写,描绘这是特例,不规则变化4.在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词例如: appear—appearance 外貌;出现perform—performance 演出accept—acceptance 接受resist-resistance n.抵抗,阻力5.在动词词尾加-ing变成名词方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同例如:meet—meeting build—building wait—waitingbathe—bathing say—saying谚语 mean—meaning注意:以辅音字母开头并以元音字母加辅音字母结尾的单词,应双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing 如:swim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginning二、动词v.→形容词adj.1.动词后面加able,以e结尾的动词则去e加able,表示具有此性质,特点或属性.例如: afford-affordable;love-lovable2.动词后面加ed,以e结尾的动词则直接加d,表示被动性的属性或特点.例如: scatter-scattered use-used3不规则的动词则必须记忆,记住其过去分词形式.规律不大,意义同b.三.名词n.→形容词adj.1.在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词尤其是一些与天气有关的名词例如: rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy,health—healthy, luck—lucky,anger—angry guilt—guilty内疚的tourist—touristy游客多的 , salt 盐—salty 咸的silk丝绸—silky丝绸般的, sleep—sleepy 昏昏欲睡的注意:1如果以辅音字母开头并以元音字母加辅音字母结尾,这时应双写辅音字母再加"-y".如: sun—sunny, fun—funny, fog—foggy有雾的, fur—furry毛皮的2少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加"-y".如: noise—noisy, ice—icy, shine—shiny发亮的, taste口味—tasty甜的2.名词后面加-ed,以e结尾的直接加d.例如: spot斑点—spotted有斑点的; talent—talented 有天赋的organize—organized 有组织的; balance—balanced平衡的3.一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词例如:care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful,use—useful, meaning—meaningful4.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词例如:care—careless粗心的, use—useless无用的hope—hopeless没希望的,home—homeless无家可归的5.一些以-ce结尾的名词,把-ce改为-t变成形容词例如: difference—different, silence—silent, confidence—confident 6.在名词后加-ly变为形容词例如: friend—friendly, love—lovely, live---lively7.在名词后加-ous变为形容词例如: danger—dangerous prosperous a 繁荣的pro 在前+sper 希望+ous 8.名词后面加-al变为形容词例如: music—musical; medicine—medical 这个比较特殊9名词后面加-able变为形容词,如果以e结尾就去e再加"-able".例如: adjust—adjustable 可调整的 value—valuable有价值的10.名词后面加-en变成形容词例如: wood—wooden 木制的 wool—woolen 羊毛的四.形容词adj.→副词adv.▲一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词例如: quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly 等例如:possible—possibly, terrible—terribly。
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词性转换训练导语1.动词转换成名词的一些规则。
(1)动词+er:sing→singer teach→teacher clean→cleanerspeak→speaker play→player wait→waiterwork→worker think→thinker draw→drawerfollow→follower perform→performer own→ownerdiscover→discoverer fight→fighter但须注意,有些动词转换成名词时,需要重复其词尾的辅音字母,然后再加er,如win→winner;run→runner;begin→beginner。
如以e结尾的动词变为名词时,直接加r,如drive→driver; dance→dancer; write→writer; love→lover; use→user; lose→loser; computer→computer; manage→manager.(2)动词+ing:cook→cooking sing→singing paint→paintingbuild→building read→reading spell→spellingmean→meaning draw→drawing understand→understanding但须注意,有些以e结尾的动词变为名词时,先去e再加ing,如write→writing;live→living.(3)动词+ion:Invent→invention discuss→discussion但须注意,有些以e结尾的动词变为名词时,先去e再加ion,如operate→operation;pollute→pollution。
(4)同时的动词和名词:water(浇水)→water(水)cover(覆盖)→cover(封面,盖子)change(变成)→change(变化,零线)2.形容词转换成副词的一些规则。
(1)形容词+ly:slow→slowly quick→quickly(2)变y为i+ly:busy→busily happy→happily easy→easily(3)词尾ble 改为bly :terrible →terribly horrible →horribly(4)同形的形容词和副词:⎩⎨⎧)()(副词形容词nearly train fast ⎩⎨⎧)()(ker 副词形容词hard work s wor hard3.英语中有些副词有两种形式,但其意义不同。
⎩⎨⎧)()(几乎附近nearly near ⎩⎨⎧)()(几乎不努力hardly hard ⎩⎨⎧)()(最近迟lately late 4.名词转换成形容词的一些规则。
(1)名词+ful :use →usefulhelp →helpful peace →peaceful care →carefulsuccess →successful harm →harmful cheer →cheerfulthank →thankful skill →skillful (2)名词+ly :friend →friendlylove →lovely (love 既可以作动词又可以作名词) (3)名词+y :cloud →cloudy rain →rainy health →healthy luck →lucky但须注意,个别名词需要重复某词末的辅音字母,再加y ,如sun →sunny ;fun →funny 。
(4)以词尾ce 结尾的名词变为t :difference →differentimportance →important 5.动词转换成形容词的一些规则: (1)动词+able:change →changeablesuit →suitable enjoy →enjoyable (2)动词+ful :use →usefulhelp →helpful thank →thankful hate →hateful (3)变y 为i+ed :worry →worriedmarry →married 6.形容词转换成名词的一些规则: (1)形容词+ness :ill →illnesskind →kindness weak →weakness 但须注意,有些形容词变为名词时,先把y 改成i 后再加ness ,如happy →happiness 。
(2)形容词+y :honest →honesty difficult →difficulty7.词性转换题需要注意的几个问题:(1)判断所给词的词性。
(2)根据句子结构,判断句子画线部分所需要填入词的词性。
(3)掌握词性转换的一般规则和特殊情况。
(4)做完题后,应认真通读一遍。
专项训练Ⅰ.词性转换:1.apology (n.) (v.) 2.build (v.) (m.) 3.clean (a.) (v.) 4.close (a.) (v.) 5.correct (v.) _________ (a.) 6.different (a.) _________ (n.)7..real (a.) _________ (ad.) 8.difficult (a.) (n.)9.certain (a.) (ad.) 10.east (n.) (a.) 11.fast (a.) (ad.) 12.foolish (a.) (n.) 13.friend (n.) (a.) 14.hurry (n.) (v.) 15.love (v.) (a.) 16.mix (v.) (n.) 17.operation (n.) (v.) 18.physics (n.) (a.) 19.sun (n.) (a.) 20.teacher (n.) (v.) 21.wide (a.) (ad.) 22.win (v.) (n.) 23.worry (v.) (a.) 24.write (v.) (n.) 25.travel (v.) (n.) 26.cloud (n.) (a.) 27.color (n.) (a.) 28.weigh (v.) (n.) 29.safe (a.) (n.) 30.fun (n.) (a.) 31.terrible (a.) (ad.) 32.liberate (v.) (n.) 33.foreign (a.) (n.) 34.clear (a.) (ad.) 35.change (v.) (n.) 36.angry (a.) (ad.) Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空,使句子通顺正确:1.help:(1)He often his brother with his English.(2)Robots can do a lot of things. They are very to us.(3)Thanks for your kind .(4)I can’t thinking that he may not come.2.English:(1)The letter is written in .(2)An in dark blue is waiting for you.(3)Did you learn to speak English when you were in ?(4)Two students will visit our school tomorrow.3.meet:(1)He is always late for .(2)I will you at the airport tomorrow.(3)She felt nervous to speak at the .(4)We hold a sports every spring and autumn.4.know:(1)The professor has a wide of history.(2)I used to him to be an honest man.(3)The young scientist is in the world.(4)He a lot though he is only five.5.use:(1)You can my pen if you can’t find yours.(2)We to have a walk after supper.(3)English is a language.(4)You should learn the of the computer as son as possible.6.fish:(1)My father often goes on Sundays.(2)I like better than meat.(3)Don’t in the lake. It’s dangerous.(4)The often catches many fish in the river.7.break:(1)A thief into the house and took some money away last night.(2)Do you know how the window was ?(3)They often play table tennis during the .(4)When I passed by the room. I found one of the windows .8.sleep:(1)When I got home, he had fallen .(2)I for six hours last night.(3)He found it very difficult to get to .(4)He is in bed.9.bad:(1)He was wounded in the arm.(2)That’s not a idea. Let’s go swimming now.(3)This is the film I have ever seen.(4)Is there anything than war?10.invent:(1)Among those , which do you think is the most useful one?(2)Thomas Edison electric lights and over one thousand other items.(3)Benjamin Franklin was one of the greatest in the world.(4)Do you know something about the of paper-making?11.own:(1)At the age of fifteen, he built a lab of his .(2)Though he is young, yet he a lot of money.(3)I won’t believe it until I see it with my eyes.(4)The lost watch has been returned to its .12.speak:(1)That is a professor from Shanghai University.(2)May I to you for a moment?(3)Do you know who will make a at the meeting?(4)I’m surprised that his English is so good.13.thank::(1)He wrote a letter of to the hospital for saving his sick baby.(2)I want to you for your kindness to me.(3)The farmers were very to the seagulls because they had saved their crops.(4)for your advice.14.complete::(1)Do you know whether the railway is ?(2)Finally the ice in the room disappears .(3)I think that it is a success.(4)Both of you are wrong.15.usual:(1)She got up earlier today than .(2)It is to see snow in Australia.(3)What time do you go to school?(4)The classroom was not as clean as .16.German:(1)He is a scientist.(2)The old scientist comes from .(3)Three were killed in the fight.(4)is taught in the school.17.rain:(1)Do you have plenty of in your hometown?(2)He plays inside on days.(3)It often in summer in the south.(4)It looks like .18.sing:(1)The birds are in the tree.(2)I like both the words and the music of the .(3)The famous will come to our school tomorrow.(4)Can you the song in English?19.wonderful:(1)“We’ve won the game at last.”“!”(2)I whether he is from England or not.(3)The young man played the piano .(4)Did you have a time at Mary’s birthday party last night?20.Cross:(1)Please turn left at the second and you can’t miss it.(2)Can you swim the river?(3)Don’t the road when a car is coming.(4)If you don’t want to write your name, make a instead.21.Chemistry:(1)The teacher told us what the change was.(2)The filled the bottle with some medicine.(3)Where is Tom? He may be in the lab.(4)At the end of the road, you will find a shop.22.Care:(1)You must be more next time.(2)He takes good of everybody.(3)Look at the picture and you will understand what I mean.(4)A driver is a danger to us all.23.Loud:(1)Please read .(2)He never talks or laughs in public.(3)Don’t you think her radio is too ?(4)Someone knocked at the door.24.Live:(1)Was the snake or dead?(2)Are you interested in things?(3)Millions of soldiers lost their in the war.(4)Everyone wants to a happy life.25.Interest:(1)I borrowed this book from my teacher.(2)He showed a great in science when he was a boy.(3)I am greatly in the book.(4)I find the story very .26.Surprise:(1)To my , that little girl can talk to the foreigners in English.(2)I am to hear the news.(3)The bad news them greatly.(4)John turned round and looked at him in .27.True:(1)I am thankful for all your help.(2)Is it that you are going to America?(3)That’s a story.(4)To tell you the , the man has just come out of prison.28.Die:(1)Her mother has been for two years.(2)After his father’s , the young man changed a lot.(3)If you take a fish out of water, it will .(4)They thought the sick old man was , but later he came to life.29.Science:(1)I want to be a when I grow up.(2)My daughter prefers to languages.(3)This is one of the most important discoveries.(4)Chemistry and physics are both natural .30.Australia:(1)A lot of are going to study in our school soon.(2)Mr. Brown is an scientist.(3)Do people in speak English, too?(4)How many did you meet at the railway station yesterday?31.sit:(1)He is much better today. He is able to up in bed.(2)Please go back to your when you have finished.(3)When I entered the room, all the guests were already .(4)Is your room big or small?32.Happy:(1)The old man is much than before.(2)He looked at the stamps his father gave him.(3)Tom failed in the exam. He looked .(4)He looked very when he received a letter from his mother. 33.ill (sick):(1)I am sorry to hear that you are .(2)His made his classmates worried.(3)The boy has been in hospital for over a month.(4)A few days later he felt even than before.34.please:(1)One cant’everybody.(2)I was to learn that he had entered the college.(3)What weather it is today!(4)I did the work with .35.sell:(1)They all kinds of books at the store.(2)The of his old house made him very sad.(3)Sorry, the tickets are out.(4)The house next door to the Turners is on .解答思路I1. apologize 道歉;认错2. building 建筑物3. clean 使清洁4. close 关闭,结束5. computer 计算机6. correct 正确的7. difference 不同8. drawing 绘画,图画9. difficulty 困难10. early 早;在初期11. fast 快;迅速地12. foolishness 愚蠢,不明智13. friendly 友好的14. hurry赶紧;急忙15. lovely 可爱的16. mixture混合;混合剂17. operate动手术;操作18. physical物理的;身体的19. sunny 晴朗的20. teach教21. widely广泛的地22. winner获胜者23. worried担心的;烦恼的24. writer作家;撰稿者25. travel旅行/traveler旅行者;旅客26. cloudy多云的27. coloured有颜色的/colourful多彩的;生动的28. weight体重;重量29.safety安全30. funny滑稽的31. terribly很坏地;非常地32. liberation变化;零钱33. foreigner外国人34.clearly清楚地;明白地35.change变化;零钱36. angrily生气地37.certainly的确;一定;当然38. east东部的;东边来的39. really确实;真正地40.pleasure高兴;乐趣II1. (1)helps (2)helpful (3)help (4)help(can’t help+动词-ing,意为“忍不住,情不自禁”)2. (1)English (2)Englishman (3)England (4)English3. (1)meetings (2)meet (3)meeting (4)meet[sports meet(meeting)意为“运动会”]4. (1)knowledge (2)know (3)known(出名)(4)knows5. (1)use (2)used (3)useful (4)use6. (1)fishing (2)fish(这儿指“鱼肉”,为不可数名词) (3)fish(用作动词意为“钓鱼”)(4)fisherman.7. (1)broke (2)broken (3)break(用作名词,意为“休息”) (4)broken(用作宾语补足语)8. (1)asleep(fall asleep意为“入睡”)(2)slept(过去式)(3)sleep(get to sleep意为“入睡”,常用于否定句)(4)sleeping9. (1)badly(作“严重地解”)(2)bad (3)worst(形容词最高级)(4)worse(比较级)10. (1)inventions(指“发明物”是可数名词)(2)invented(表示已去世的人所做过的动作,要用一般过去时)(3)inventors (4)invention11. (1)own(of one’s own意为“属于自己的”)(2)owns (3)own (4)owner12. (1)speaker (2)speak (3)speech (4)spoken(spoken English意为“英语口语”)13. (1)thanks(a letter of thanks意为“感谢信”) (2)thank (3)thankful (4)Thanks(Thanks for…只用复数形式)14. (1)completed(过去分词)(2)completely(完全地)(3)complete (4)completely15. usual(than usual意为“比平时”)(2)unusual(罕见的,不平常的)(3)usually(4) usual(as usual意为“和往常一样,照例”)16. (1)German (2)Germany(德国)(3)Germans(注意其复数形式)(4)German(德语)17. (1)rain (2)rainy (3)rains (4)rain(句意为:天像是要下雨了。