雅思阅读真题附答案及解析
雅思阅读理解真题及答案
雅思阅读理解真题及答案雅思阅读考试大多选自国外人文类、经济类和科学类的知名报纸、杂志或政府各部门(UK及世界各国)的社会发展报告。
如经济学家杂志，金融时报，卫报，美国国家地理杂志等。
下面给大家带来雅思阅读理解真题，希望对你们有所帮助。
雅思阅读理解真题及答案解析★Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the TreatyA.After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief,continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in 2007. Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter.B.There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in 2006 the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006 ’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007,though the recovery may be ebbing by then.C.The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a newtreaty: the Maastricht treaty in 1992, the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997, theTreaty of Nice in 2001. And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration —until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters.But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback.D.In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty —the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously, restating their commitment to “ever closer union ” and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself, and in normal circumstances,the EU’s 50th -birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless, a routine expression of European good fellowship.But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty. All that will be necessary will be to incorporate the 50th-anniversary declaration into a new treaty containing a number of institutional and other reforms extracted from the failed attempt at constitution-building and—hey presto — a newquasi-constitution will be ready.E.According to the German government—which holds the EU’s agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 2007 —there will be a new draft of a slimmed-down constitution ready by the middle of the year, perhaps to put to voters, perhaps not. There would then be a couple of years in which it will bediscussed,approved by parliaments and, perhaps, put to voters if that isdeemed unavoidable. Then, according to bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin, blithely ignoring the possibility of public rejection, the whole thing will be signed, sealed and a new constitution delivered in 2009-10. Europe will be nicely back on schedule. Its four-to-five-year cycle of integration will have missed only one beat.F.The resurrection of the European constitution will be made more likely in 2007 because of what is happening in national capitals.The European Union is not really an autonomous organisation. If it functions, it is because the leaders of the big continental countries want it to, reckoning that an active European policy will help them get done what they want to do in their owncountries.G.That did not happen in 2005-06. Defensive, cynical and self-destructive, the leaders of the three largest euro-zone countries —France, Italy and Germany—were stumbling towards their unlamented ends. They saw no reason to pursue any sort of European policy and the EU, as a result, barely functioned. But by the middle of 2007 all three will have gone, and this fact alone will transform the European political landscape.H.The upshot is that the politics of the three large continental countries, bureaucratic momentum and the economics of recovery will all be aligned to give a push towards integration in 2007. That does not mean the momentum will be irresistible or even popular. The British government, for one, will almostcertainly not want to go with the flow, beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between Britain and the rest of Europe. More important, the voters will want a say. They rejected the constitution in 2005. It would be foolish to assume they will accept it after 2007 just as a result of an artful bit of tinkering.Questions 1-6Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet. TRUE if the statemenht reflets the claims of the writer FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOTGIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this.1.After years ’ introspection and mistrust, continental European governments will resurrect their enthusiasm for more integration in 2007.2. The European consitution was officially approved in 2005 in spite of the oppositon of French and Dutch voters.3. The Treaty of Rome , which is considered as the fundamental charter of the European Union, was signed in 1957.4.It is very unlikely that European countries will sign the declaration at the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome.5.French government will hold the EU ’s presidency and lay down the agenda during the first half of 2008.6.For a long time in hisotry, there has been confrontation between Britain and the rest of European countries.Questions 7-10Complet the following sentencces.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.Write your answer in Boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.7. Every four or five years, European countries tend to makea rapid progress towards ___________________by signing a new treaty.8. The European constitution is supposed to ______________________for yet more integration of European Union member countries.9. The bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin rashly ignore the possibility of __________________and think the new consitution will be delivered in 2009-10.10. The politics of the three large continental countries, __________________ and the economic recovery will join together to urge the integration in 2007.Questions 11-14Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.11. Which of the following statemnts is true of Euopeaneconomic development.A. The economy of Europe developed much faster than that of Asia before 2006.B. The growth of European economy was slightly slower than that of America in 2006.C. The development of European economy are likely to slow down by 2007.D. The recovery of European economy may be considerably accelerated by 2007.12. The word “immobilised ” in the last line of Section C means ___________.A. stopped completely.B. pushed strongly.C. motivated wholely.D. impeded totally.13. Which of the following statements about the treaties in European countries is NOT TRUE.A. The Maastricht Treaty was signed in 1992.B. The Treaty of Amsterdan was signed in 1997.C. The Treaty of Nice was signed in 2001.D. The Treaty of Rome was signed in 2007.14. The European constitution failed to be ratified in 2005--2006, becauseA. The leaders of France, Italy and Germany were defensive,cynical and self-destructuve..B. The voters in two countries of the Union --France and Holland rejected the constitution.C. The leaders of the EU thought that it was unneccessary to pursue any European policy.D. France, Italy and Germany are the three largest and most influential euro-zone countries.Part IINotes to the Reading Passage1. pan-Enropeanpan-: 前缀：全，总，泛pan-African 全/ 泛非洲的(运动)pan-Enropean 全/ 泛欧的(机构建设)2. outstrip超越，胜过，超过，优于Material development outstripped human development ”“物质的发展超过了人类的进步”3. ebb回落跌落;衰退或消减The tide is on the ebb. 正在退潮。
雅思阅读真题附答案(完整版)
智课网IELTS备考资料雅思阅读真题附答案（完整版）摘要：雅思阅读真题是考生练习雅思阅读的必备资料。
不少考生在网上寻求雅思阅读真题，今天小编汇总了里面雅思阅读真题附答案版，方便考生复习。
雅思阅读真题是历年雅思考试中出现的雅思阅读题目，练习雅思阅读真题对于考生提升雅思阅读答题能力有很大的帮助。
小编整理了历年雅思阅读真题附答案，帮助考生复习雅思阅读。
雅思阅读真题附答案版(部分内容)：题型:人名观点配对他在寻找古老的湖泊，这名Mungo 女子是被火葬的 A持怀疑态度的教授对一些化石的DNA 进行了可靠的分析 E教授测定的人的年龄要比62000 年前年轻的多的结果 A确定Mungo 人的年龄，争议了澳大利亚人的起源 B在澳洲，研究小组谁先恢复生物的证据，发现尼安德特人 C年代的支持者认为澳大利亚巨型动物的灭绝是由于古代人类狩猎造成的 D多区域的解释已经被提出，而不是坚持认为单一的起源 B史前人类活动导致气候变化而不是巨型动物的灭绝 A判断题Mungo 湖仍然为考古学家提供了图解说明人类活动的证据True在Mungo 湖发现Mungo 使用的武器Not givenMungo 人是在复杂的文化世界上已知最古老的考古证据之一，如埋葬仪式TrueMungo 男人和女人的骨架是被发现在同一年False澳大利亚教授使用古老的研究方法对“走出非洲”支持者的批判Not given以上就是关于雅思阅读真题附答案的相关汇总，考生可以通过上方下载完整版历年雅思阅读真题解析，提升资深雅思阅读能力。
相关字搜索：雅思阅读真题附答案人生中每一次对自己心灵的释惑，都是一种修行，都是一种成长。
相信我们常常用人生中的一些痛，换得人生的一份成熟与成长然⋯⋯生活里的每个人，都是我们的一面镜子，你给别人什世界上的幸福，没有一处不是来自用心经营和珍惜。
当你一味的去挑剔指责别人的时候，有没有反思过是否？假如你的心太过自我不懂得经营和善待，不懂得尊重他人感受，那你永远也不会获得真和幸福 ⋯ ⋯人生就像一场旅行，我们所行走的每一步都是在丰富生命的意义。
剑桥雅思13Test3雅思阅读passage1真题+解析
剑桥雅思13Test3雅思阅读passage 1真题+解析体载说明文主要内容本文主要讲述了椰子的功用及其起源。
结构第1段:历史上对椰子的记载。
第2段:椰子树干、树皮和花朵的功用。
第3段:椰子壳的功用。
第4段:椰子果肉和汁水的食用价值。
第5段:椰子的种植。
第6段:椰子的起源。
剑桥雅思13Test3雅思阅读passage1题目如下：Questions 1-8Complete the table below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.THE COCONUT PALMPartDescriptionUsestrunkup to 30 metrestimber for houses and the making of 1 ....................leavesup to 6 metres longto make brushesflowersat the top of the trunkstems provide sap, used as a drink or a source of 2 ....................fruitsouter layermiddle layer (coir fibres)used for 3 .................... ， etc.inner layer (shell)a source of 4 ................(when halved) for 5 .........coconut watera drinka source of 6 ................ plantscoconut flesh ooil and milk for cooking and 7.........glycerine (an ingredient in 8.........)Questions 1-8答案解析：●题目类型: Table Completion表格填空是细节题，属于填空题的一种，在雅思考试中难度较低。
雅思阅读试题练习与答案全解析
雅思阅读试题练习与答案全解析一、练习题阅读Passage 1：阅读以下段落，回答问题1-5。
1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The advantages of the Internet.B. The disadvantages of the Internet.C. The impact of the Internet on society.D. The history of the Internet.2. According to the passage, which of the following is a problem caused by the widespread adoption of the Internet?A. Environmental pollution.B. Privacy issues.C. Economic growth.D. Educational improvement.3. Why does the Internet lead to social isolation?A.因为它改变了人们的交流方式B.因为它使人们更容易获取信息C.因为它促进了全球连接D.因为它提供了更多的娱乐方式4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Privacy issues.B. The spread of misinformation.C. Social isolation.D. Education inequality.5. In the author's opinion, how should people use the Internet responsibly?A. They should limit their online activities to protect their privacy.B. They should only consume information from trusted sources.C. They should spend more time on social media to stay connected.D. They should use the Internet as an educational tool to enhance their knowledge.阅读Passage 2：阅读以下段落，回答问题6-10。
雅思OG真题TEST1答案阅读
雅思OG真题TEST1答案阅读一、READING1、READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 26-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Sleeping Sleep medicine is a relatively young field in the UK, with only a couple of centres until the1980sIn the last decade a number of centres have sprouted, often led by chest physicians and ENT surgeons with an interest in obstructive sleep apnoea, forcing neurologists and neurophysiologists to wake up and contribute to the non-respiratory aspect of this neglected subject. Within sleep, two states are recognised—non rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM)These alternate cyclically through the night with cycle time of90 minutes (50-60 minutes in the newborn)NREM sleep is divided into four stages: stages 1 and 2 (considered light sleep), and stages 3 and 4 (deep sleep with high arousal threshold). REM is ontogenically primitive with EEG activity closer to wake state, intermittent bursts of REMs and muscle atonia interrupted by phasic bursts producing asynchronous twitchingThe atonia of REM sleep prevents acting out of dreams and is lost in REM behaviour disorder when dreams content becomes violent and patients act out their dream, often resulting in in jury .REM behaviour disorder can be a precursor of neurodegenerative disease including ParkinsonsDream content (pleasant/unpleasant) will be remembered on waking from REM sleep but there is often little memory of the preceding mental- activity on arousals from NREM sleep, even when associated with complex behaviours and autonomic disturbance as occurs in night terrors or sleep walking. In the newborn 50 per cent of total sleep time is occupied by REM sleep, progressively shrinking to 25 per cent in the adult, the first block of REM sleep occurring about90 minutes after sleep onsetAbrupt withdrawal of alcohol and many centrally acting recreational and non-recreational drugs can cause REM sleep to occur at sleep onsetThis can also increase total REM sleep, leading to intense vivid often frightening dreams (hypnogogic-sleep onset/hypnopompic or, on waking, hallucinations), similar to that experienced by patients with narcolepsy. The NREM/RE/REM sleep states are interrupted by brief arousals and transient awakeningsThe frequency of the arousals may increase with emotional disturbance or environmental discomfort but also in many intrinsic sleep disorders such as periodic leg movements in sleep, obstructive sleep apnoea and narcolepsy. A basic rest-activity cycle originates in fetal lifeThe newborn sleeps an equal amount during the day and night, the sleep-wake cycle organised around three-to four-hourly feedsBy the second month favouring of sleep towards night-time occurs and by six months the baby will have about 12 hours of sleep at night in addition to a couple of daytime napsIn general, children born prematurely have a tendency to be awake more at night in the first year and breast-fed babies wake more frequently, but the difference disappears by the second yearPersistent night awakenings in infants and toddlers usually reflect the child's inability to self-soothe back to sleep without parental attention and will respond to a well- supported behavioural programme. The establishment of a consolidated night sleep pattern in children reflects brain maturation and may be disrupted in children with developmental problemsEven in this group success is possible by persisting with behavioural work, though many paediatricians prescribe melatonin for these children with some successBut as the long-term safety of melatonin remains unknown it should be used as a last resortThere are now good studies looking at short-term use of melatonin in sleep-wake cycle disorders such as delayed sleep phase syndromeIts use as a hypnotic should be discouraged, especially in the developing child as there is uncertainty on other cycles, such as menstrual. In addition to the NREM/REM cycles, there is a circadian (24 hours) sleep/wake cycle entrained by intrinsic rhythms (melatonin and body temperature) and extrinsic factors (light and social cues such as mealtimes, school/work times)The pineal hormone melatonin plays a role in entraining the sleep-wake cycle to the light-dark cycleMelatonin secretion is high in darkness and low in daylight hours, the process beginning in the retina with the supra- chiasmatic nucleus playing a major role as a sleep regulator via melatoninBlind people may lose this entrainment and develop a free running sleep/wake cycle with progressive advancement of sleep onset time. Polymorphism of the circadian clock gene has now been identified with the population divided between morning types (larks) and evening types (owls)Those predisposed to later sleep onset time (evening types) are susceptible to developing delayed sleep phase syndrome especially during adolescence when sleep requirement increases and there is a tendency towards later time for sleeping and wakingIn delayed sleep phase syndrome, sleep onset is delayed to the early hours of the morning with consequent difficulty in waking in time for school/workOnce established, advancing sleep onset time is difficult and requires treatment with appropriately timed melatonin or bright light therapy— advancing sleep onset progressively forwards until the desired sleep time is reached. In contrast the elderly who are more susceptible to perturbation in their sleep-wake schedule can develop advanced sleep phase syndrome with sleep onset occurring early in the eveningShift workers often struggle to cope with shift patterns as they grow older due to difficulty in re-adjusting their circadian clockIn general, morning bright light exposure is a more powerful synchroniser of the circadian rhythm than melatonin. Questions 26-28 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.1．According to the passage, ______.A. the growing concern on sleep medicine from physicians and ENT surgeons contributed to the boom of this 38. sleep onset (根据该题关键词“postponed”定位到倒数第二段的倒数第二句。
雅思阅读试题集锦与解答
雅思阅读试题集锦与解答雅思阅读概述雅思(IELTS)阅读模块旨在评估考生的阅读理解能力，包括词汇量、语法理解、信息提取、判断与推断等。
雅思阅读共有40题，分为三个部分，考试时间60分钟。
本文档收集了各类雅思阅读试题，并提供详细的解答，帮助考生更好地备战雅思阅读。
试题集锦与解答第一部分：段落匹配题在雅思阅读中，段落匹配题是一种常见的题型，要求考生根据题目顺序找到文章中对应的段落。
试题1：根据文章内容，回答以下问题。
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?2. Which paragraph discusses the causes of the problem?3. What is the solution proposed in the last paragraph?解答：1. The main idea of the first paragraph is to provide an overview of the topic.2. The causes of the problem are discussed in the second paragraph.第二部分：信息匹配题信息匹配题要求考生在文章中找到与题目相对应的信息点。
试题2：根据文章内容，将以下句子与正确的段落编号匹配。
1. "The government should take responsibility for the issue." - Paragraph 42. "Public awareness campaigns have shown positive results." - Paragraph 43. "Industry experts believe that technology can play a significant role in solving the problem." - Paragraph 3解答：1. - Paragraph 42. - Paragraph 53. - Paragraph 3第三部分：填空题填空题要求考生根据文章内容填入合适的词语，包括名词、动词、形容词等。
剑桥雅思真题5-阅读Test1(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题5-阅读Test1（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Johnson’s DictionaryFor the century before Johnson’s Dictionary was published in 1775, there had been concern about the state of the English language. There was no standard way of speaking or writing and no agreement as to the best way of bringing some order to the chaos of English spelling. Dr Johnson provided the solution.There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usuall English wordes’. Like the various dictionaries that came after it during the seventeenth century, Cawdray’s tended to concentrate on ‘scholarly’ words; one function of the dictionary was to enable its student to convey an impression of fine learning.Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer —lexical as well as social and commercial. it is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the heights of genius. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical. Up until his time, the task of producing a dictionary on such a large scale had seemed impossible without the establishment of an academy to make decisions about right and wrong usage. Johnson decided he did not need an academy to settle arguments about language; he would write a dictionary himself and he would do it single-handed. Johnson signed the contract for the Dictionary with the bookseller Robert Dosley at a breakfast held at the Golden Anchor Inn near Holbom Bar on 18 June 1764.He was to be paid ￡1.575 in instalments, and from this he took money to rent Gough Square, in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop’.James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked as ‘fitted up like a counting house’ with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work standing up. Johnson himself was stationed on a rickety chair at an ‘old crazy deal table’ surrounded by a chaos of borrowed books. He was also helped by six assistants, two of whom died whilst the Dictionary was still in preparation.The work was immense; filling about eighty large notebooks (and without a library to hand), Johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000 words, and illustrated their many meanings with some 114,000 quotations drawn from English writing on every subject, from the Elizabethans to his own time. He did not expect to achieve complete originality. Working to a deadline, he had to draw on the best of all previous dictionaries, and to make his work one of heroic synthesis. In fact, it was very much more. Unlike his predecessors, Johnson treated English very practically, as a living language, with many different shades of meaning. He adopted his definitions on theprinciple of English common law — according to precedent. After its publication, his Dictionary was not seriously rivalled for over a century.After many vicissitudes the Dictionary was finally published on 15 April 1775. It was instantly recognised as a landmark throughout Europe. ‘This very noble work,’ wrote the leading Italian lexicographer, ‘will be a perpetual monument of Fame to the Author, an Honour to his own Country in particular, and a general Benefit to the republic of Letters throughout Europe.’ The fact that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them (everyone knew that forty French academics had taken forty years to produce the first French national dictionary) was cause for much English celebration.Johnson had worked for nine years, ‘with little assistance of the learned, and without any patronage of the great; not in the soft obscurities of retirement, or under the shelter of academic bowers, but amidst inconvenience and distraction, in sickness and in sorrow’. For all its faults and eccentricities his two-volume work is a masterpiece and a landmark, in his own words, ‘setting the orthography, displaying the analogy, regulating the structures, and ascertaining the significations of English words’. It is the cornerstone of Standard English an achievement which, in James Boswell’s words ‘conferred stability on the language of his country.’The Dictionary, together with his other writing, made Johnson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George Ⅲto offer him a pension. From then on, he was to become the Johnson of folklore.Questions 1-3Choose THREE letters A-H.Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.NB Your answers may be given in any order.Which THREE of the following statements are true of Johnson’s Dictionary?A It avoided all scholarly words.B It was the only English dictionary in general use for 200 years.C It was famous because of the large number of people involved.D It focused mainly on language from contemporary texts.E There was a time limit for its completion.F It ignored work done by previous dictionary writers.G It took into account subtleties of meaning.H Its definitions were famous for their originality.Questions 4-7Complete the summary.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-7 on your answer sheet.In 1764 Dr Johnson accepted the contract to produce a dictionary. Having rented a garret, he took on a number of 4…………, who stood at a long central desk. Johnson did not have a 5………… available to him, but eventually produced definitions of in excess of 40,000 words written down in 80 large notebooks. On publications, the Dictionary was immediately hailed in many European countries as a landmark. According to his biographer, James Boswell, Johnson’s principal achievement was to bring 6………… to the English language. As a reward for his hard work, he was granted a 7………by the king.Questions 8-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this8 The growing importance of the middle classes led to an increased demand for dictionaries.9 Johnson has become more well known since his death.10 Johnson had been planning to write a dictionary for several years.11 Johnson set up an academy to help with the writing of his Dictionary.12 Johnson only received payment for his Dictionary on its completion.13 Not all of the assistants survived to see the publication of the Dictionary.Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2below.Nature or NurtureA A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology. Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a 'leader in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform. Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer 'teacher-subject' that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils’ ability to learn.B Milgram's experimental set-up involved placing the teacher-subject before a panel of thirty switches with labels ranging from ‘15 volts of electricity (slight shock)' to ‘450 volts (danger -severe shock)' in steps of 15 volts each. The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer. The supposed 'pupil’ was in reality an actor hired by Milgram to simulate receiving the shocks by emitting a spectrum of groans, screams and writhings together with an assortment of statements and expletives denouncing both the experiment and the experimenter. Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.C As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would deliberately give the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond. Many of the teacher-subjects balked at administering the higher levels of punishment, and turned to Milgram with questioning looks and/or complaints about continuing the experiment. In these situations, Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on with the experiment. If the subject was still reluctant to proceed, Milgram said that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end. His final argument was, 'You have no other choice. You must go on'. What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.D Prior to carrying out the experiment, Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts. The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter. The psychiatrists felt that 'most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts' and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts. Furthermore, they thought that only a lunatic fringe of about one in 1000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts.E What were the actual results? Well, over 60 per cent of the teacher-subjects continued to obey Milgram up to the 450-volt limit! In repetitions of the experiment in other countries, the percentage of obedient teacher-subjects was even higher, reaching 85 per cent in one country. How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative 'teachers' actually do in the laboratory of real life?F One's first inclination might be to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the caves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.G An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects' actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out. As Milgram himself pointed out, 'Most subjects in the experiment see their behaviour in a larger context that is benevolent and useful to society - the pursuit of scientific truth. The psychological laboratory has a strong claim to legitimacy and evokes trust and confidence in those who perform there. An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation appears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this setting.'H Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.I Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure. The problem for biologists, psychologists and anthropologists is to sort out which of these two polar explanations is more plausible. This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology -to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates, or at least strongly biases, the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is, their behaviour. Put another way, sociobiology is concerned with elucidating the biological basis of all behaviour. Question 14-19Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-I.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.14. a biological explanation of the teacher-subjects’ behaviour15. the explanation Milgram gave the teacher-subjects for the experiment16. the identity of the pupils17. the expected statistical outcome18. the general aim of sociobiological study19. the way Milgram persuaded the teacher-subjects to continueQuestion 20-22Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 20-22 on your answer sheet.20. The teacher-subjects were told that they were testing whetherA. a 450-volt shock was dangerous.B. punishment helps learning.C. the pupils were honest.D. they were suited to teaching.21. The teacher-subjects were instructed toA. stop when a pupil asked them to.B. denounce pupils who made mistakes.C. reduce the shock level after a correct answer.D. give punishment according to a rule.22. Before the experiment took place the psychiatristsA. believed that a shock of 150 volts was too dangerous.B. failed to agree on how the teacher-subjects would respond to instructions.C. underestimated the teacher-subjects’ willingness to comply with experimental procedure.D. thought that many of the teacher-subjects would administer a shock of 450 volts.Question 23-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this23. Several of the subjects were psychology students at Yale University.24. Some people may believe that the teacher-subjects’ behaviour could be explained positive survival mechanism.25. In a sociological explanation, personal values are more powerful than authority.26. Milgram’s experiment solves an important question in sociobiology.Reading Passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 2below.The truth about the EnvironmentFor many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are running out; that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet's air and water are becoming ever more polluted.But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more abundant, not less so, since the book The Limits to Growth was published in1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per head of the world’s population than at any time in history. Fewer people are starving. Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25-50%, as has so often been predicted. And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been exaggerated, or are transient -associated with the early phases of industrialisation and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by accelerating it. One form of pollution - the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming - does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it.Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.One is the lopsidedness built into scientific research. Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems. That may be wise policy, but it will also create an impression that many more potential problems exist than is the case.Secondly, environmental groups need to be noticed by the mass media. They also need to keep the money rolling in. Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes overstate their arguments. In 1997, for example, the World Wide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled:'Two thirds of the world’s forests lost forever'. The truth turns out to be nearer 20%.Though these groups are run overwhelmingly by selfless folk, they nevertheless share many of the characteristics of other lobby groups. That would matter less if people applied the same degree of scepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields. A trade organisation arguing for, say, weaker pollution controls is instantly seen as self-interested. Yet a green organisation opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view of the controls in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.A third source of confusion is the attitude of the media. People are clearly more curious about bad news than good. Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. That, however, can lead to significant distortions of perception. An example was America^ encounter with El Nino in 1997 and 1998. This climatic phenomenon was accused of wrecking tourism, causing allergies, melting the ski-slopes and causing 22 deaths. However, according to an article in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, the damage it did was estimated at US$4 billion but the benefits amounted to some US$19 billion. These came from higher winter temperatures (which saved an estimated 850 lives, reduced heating costs and diminished spring floods caused by meltwaters).The fourth factor is poor individual perception. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste. Yet, even if America's trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.So what of global warming? As we know, carbon dioxide emissions are causing the planet to warm. The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise by 2-3°C in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US$5,000 billion.Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem, economic analyses clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissionsradically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures. A model by one of the main authors of the United Nations Climate Change Panel shows how an expected temperature increase of 2.1 degrees in 2100 would only be diminished to an increase of 1.9 degrees. Or to put it another way, the temperature increase that the planet would have experienced in 2094 would be postponed to 2100.So this does not prevent global warming, but merely buys the world six years. Yet the cost of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, for the United States alone, will be higher than the cost of solving the worlds single, most pressing health problem: providing universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Such measures would avoid 2 million deaths every year, and prevent half a billion people from becoming seriously ill.It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future. It may be costly to be overly optimistic - but more costly still to be too pessimistic.Question 27-32Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the writer's claimsFALSE if the statement contradicts the writer's claimsNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this27. Environmentalists take a pessimistic view of the world for a number of reasons.28. Data on the Earth's natural resources has only been collected since 1972.29. The number of starving people in the world has increased in recent years.30. Extinct species are being replaced by new species.31. Some pollution problems have been correctly linked to industrialisation.32. It would be best to attempt to slow down economic growth.Question 33-37Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.33. What aspect of scientific research does the writer express concern about in paragraph 4?A. the need to produce resultsB. the lack of financial supportC. the selection of areas to researchD. the desire to solve every research problem34. The writer quotes from the Worldwide Fund for Nature to illustrate howA. influential the mass media can be.B. effective environmental groups can be.C. the mass media can help groups raise funds.D. environmental groups can exaggerate their claims.35. What is the writer’s main point about lobby groups in paragraph 6?A. Some are more active than others.B. Some are better organised than others.C. Some receive more criticism than others.D. Some support more important issues than others.36. The writer suggests that newspapers print items that are intended toA. educate readers.B. meet their readers' expectations.C. encourage feedback from readers.D. mislead readers.37. What does the writer say about America’s waste problem?A. It will increase in line with population growth.B. It is not as important as we have been led to believe.C. It has been reduced through public awareness of the issues.D. It is only significant in certain areas of the country.Question 38-40Complete the summary with the list of words A-I below.Drag the correct letter A-I into boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.The writer admits that global warming is a 38………… challenge, but says that it will not have a catastrophic impact on our future, if we deal with it in the 39………… way. If we try to reduce the levels of greenhouse gases, he believes that it would only have a minimal impact on rising temperatures. He feels it would be better to spend money on the more 40………… health problem of providing the world’s population with clean drinking water.参考答案1-3 (IN ANY ORDER) D E G4 clerks / copying clerks5 library6 stability7 pension8 TRUE9 FALSE10 NOT GIVEN11 FALSE12 FALSE13 TRUE14 F15 A16 B17 D18 I19 C20 B21 D22 C23 NOT GIVEN24 TRUE25 FALSE26 FALSE27 YES28 NOT GIVEN29 NO30 NOT GIVEN31 YES32 NO33 C34 D35 C36 B37 B38 E39 D40 I。
雅思阅读试卷 附完整参考答案
Section I WordsA.Match the words with the same meaning.W rite down the letters on you answer sheet.(1(1’’*6)1.epidermic2.motivate3.assume4.appealing5.controversy 6expertise A.skill or knowledge in a particular areaB.dispute,argumentC.attractiveD.an outbreak of a contagious disease thatspreads rapidly and widelyE.to provide with an incentive;impel. F.to take for granted,supposeB.Fill in the blanks with proper forms of words given in the box,one word can be usedmore than once.(1(1’’*10)evolve prepare propose minimum peer throughcheat weep address exploit except1.Not surprisingly,his was not well received,even though it seemed to agree with the scientific information available at the time..2.The little girl with disappointment when she learned that her favourite Barbie Dolls were sold out.3.The price is her,she refuses to lower it any further.4.Apes,monkeys and many other primates have fairly elaborate systems of calls for communicating with other members of their species.5.Some melodies are quite manipulative,working on our emotions very effectively,and composers have often this to the full.6.I realized I’d been when I saw the painting on sale for half the price I paid for it.7.To this problem,Counter Intelligence built a kitchen of its own and started making gagets to fill it with.8.Most birds don’t have a good sense of smell,but fish-eaters such as petrels and shearwaters are significant.9.Why bother a clear door,when you can put a camera in the oven to broadcast snapshots of the activities in the oven to a screen in another room?10.Exploration will allow us to make suitable for dealing with any dangers that we might face,and we may be able to find physical resources such as minerals.SectionⅡ.TranslationA.Translate the following sentences into English.(3(3’’*5)1.Despite the hardship he encountered,Mark never(放弃对知识的追求)2.由于缺乏对这种病的了解，许多人依然认为HIV受害者都是自作自受。
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智课网IELTS备考资料
雅思阅读真题附答案及解析
摘要：雅思阅读真题附答案及解析，雅思阅读真题附答案及解析是小编整理汇总的最新的雅思阅读真题，在如此紧张的备考环节，大家就应该多看看雅思阅读真题，会大大提高你的效率，更多精彩内容请关注小马科技雅思频道官网。
Passage 1
主题：科技类 (新题)
题目：英国的酒精燃料
题型：填空，判断
文章大意：乙醇作为新燃料的提炼过程和与汽油的对比
参考答案：
1-5 判断题
1.因果农民不太可能会为了制造乙醇燃料大种甘蔗 (True)
2.在的农名讲扩大生产更多乙醇植物 (True)
3.A gallon ethanol have more engineer than a gallon gasoline. (NG)
4.在将来美国将会有充足的crop在制造氢气。
(false)
5.乙醇的生产者会尽量减少生产过程中使用的能量。
(NG)
6-10 填空题
distiller
lignin
remains
bioreactor
fiber
备考建议：科技类文章不太好理解，而且生词会比较多。
建议大家在考前可以多多积累相关题材的词汇。
参考阅读：C542
Passage 2
题材：历史考古类 (旧题)
题目：costal archaeology of Britain
题型：单选，判断，多选
参考答案：
单选：B，C， D
判断题：True， False, True, False, NG, True, True
多选：BDF
备考建议：历史类文章不难理解，且这篇文章的题型都是顺序题型，为我们做题大大降低了难度。
参考阅读：C7T1P1 Let’s go, bats
Passage 3：
题材：语言类
题目：The Origin of Language
文章大意：语言的起源，语言与音乐的关系
参考阅读：C931 Attitudes to Language
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相关字搜索：雅思阅读真题附答案及解析
那是心与心的交汇，是相视的莞尔一笑，是一杯饮了半盏的酒，沉香在喉，甜润在心。
我无所谓成功不成功，但我在乎我自己的成长；我无法掌握别人，但我可以掌握自己。
我唯一能把握的，是我会一直尽力走下去，不为了别人，为了给自己一个交代。
这个世界上有太多的事情是我们无法掌握的，你不知道谁明天会离开，你不知道意外和你等的人谁先到来。
最可怕的是因为怕失去而放弃拥有的权利。
我们都会遇到很多人，会告别很多人，会继续往前走，也许还会爱上那么几个人，弄丢那么几个人。
关键在于，谁愿意为你停下脚步？
对于生命中每一个这样的人，一千一万个感激。
有一些人、一些事是不需要理由的：
比如天空的颜色；
比如连你自己都不知道为什么会喜欢上的那个人；
比如昨天擦肩而过的人变成了你今天的知己。
梦想这东西，最美妙的在于你可以制造它，重温它。
看一本书，听一首歌，去一个地方，梦想就能重新发芽，那个在你体内扎根的与生俱来的梦想。
我们唯一能把握的事情是，成为最好的自己，我们可以不成功，但是我们不能不成长，没有什么比背叛自己更可怕。
你唯一能把握的，是变成最好的自己。
也许你最后也没能牵到那个人的手，但是你付出了就不会有遗憾；
也许最后你也只是默默无闻，但你曾经为了将来努力地奋斗了一把；
也许你最后也没能环游世界，可是你在实现梦想的途中找到了自己。
那是能够为了一个目标默默努力的自己，不抱怨，不浮躁，不害怕孤单，沉默却又努力的自己。
说不定你想要苦苦追寻的梦想，已经握在你手中了。