音译汉翻译

1 The transistor is what started the evolution of the modern computer industry in motion.晶体管开启了现代电脑工业的革命2 The storage cell only requires one capacitor and one transistor, whereas a flip-flop connected in an array requires 6 transistors.存储单元仅需要一个电容和晶体管，并而不像触发器整列那样需要6个晶体管3 There hase been a never ending series of new op amps released each year since then, and their performance and reliability has improved to the point where present day op amps can be used for analog applications by anybody.从此以后每年都有新系列的运放发布，他们的性能和可靠性得到了提升，如今任何人都能用运放来设计模拟电路。

4 This is capable of very high speed conversion and thus can accommodate high sampling rates, but in its basic form is very power hungry.它具有高速转换能力，从而能适应高速采样速率，但它的基本形式非常耗电。

5 During the “on” period , energy is being stored within the core material of the inductor in the form of flux.在”on”阶段，能量以涌浪形式存储在电感的核芯材料里面6 The design goal of frequency synthesizers is to replace multiple oscillators in a system, and hence reduce board space and cost.频率合成器的设计目标是取代系统中多个振荡器，从而减小板卡面积和成本。

7 The faster clock rates and rise times increase both capacitive and inductive coupling effects, which makes crosstalk problems greater.时钟和上升沿时间越快，将增强电容和电感耦合效应，从而导致串扰问题越严重8 What allowed the creation of modern processors was the invention of the integrated circuit, which is a group of transistors manufactured from a single piece of material and connected together internally , without extra wiring.使得现代处理器能够制造的因素是集成电路的发明，集成电路是一组制造在单块材料上的晶体管，他们在芯片内部相互连接而不需要外部连线。

9 It can function as a line driver , comparator ,amplifier, level shifter, oscillator, filter, signal conditioner, actuator driver, current source, voltage source, and etc.它能用于线性驱动器，比较器，放大器，电平转换器，振荡器，滤波器，信号调理，电磁驱动器，电流，电压源等。

10 If we were to now digitally filter this sampled signal, we could remove approximately 3/4 of the noise, increasing the signal to noise ratio by a factor of 4 or 6dB.如果我们用数字滤波方法处理采样信号，我们能去除大约3/4的噪音，把信噪比提高4到6分贝。

1、Many of the products and services in modern society are based upon the work of electrical engineers and computer scientists. The tremendous reduction over the last decade in the cost of digital electronic devices has led to an explosive growth in the use of computers and computation. At the same time, out increasedunderstanding of computer science has made possible the development of new software systems of increased power, sophistication, and flexibility.现在社会的许多产品和服务都是建立在电器工程师和计算机科学家的工作基础之。

在过去几十年中，数字电子器件成本的大幅下降已经带来了计算机应用迅猛的增长。

与此同时，人们对计算机科学认识的提高是的开发新的更强大，更复杂，更灵活的软件成为可能。

2、It is extremely hard to define dynamic range (DR) for an op amp, so let's start with a digital-to-analog converter (DAC)where DR is an defined as the ratio of the maximum output voltage to the smallest output voltage the DAC can produce.由于很难定义运算放大器的“动态范围”（DR），因此先给“数模转换器”（DAC）的动态范围下定义。

DAC的动态范围就是起最大输出电压和最小输出电压之比。

3、The available spectrum bandwidth is shared in number of ways by various wireless radio links. The way in which this is done is referred to as a multiple access scheme.there are basically four principle schemes. These are frequency division multiple access(FDMA), time division multiple access(TDMA), code division multiple access(CDMA), and space division multiple access(SDMA) 不同的无限射频链路以不同的方式公用频谱带宽。

这些共用方式称为“多址模式”“频分多址”（FDMA）、“时分多址”（TDMA）、“码分多址”（CDMA)和“空分多址”（SDMA)是四种主要的多址模式。

4、Use of custom gate array logic, application specific integrated circuits(ASICs),ball grid arrays (BGAs), multichip modules(MCMs) and digital devices operating in the subnanosecond range present new and challenging opportunities for EMC engineers.定制门阵陈列逻辑、专用集成电路、秋栅阵列、多芯片模块和呀纳米数字器件的使用为电磁兼容工程师提供了新的挑战性机遇。

5、Some digital logic IC and their and their analog counterplots(analog/digital converters,for example) are standard parts, or standard IC. You can select standard IC from catalogs and data books and buy them from distributors. Systems manufacturers and designers can use the same standard part in a variety of different microelectrionic systems( systems that use microelectronic or IC)有些数字逻辑集成电路和模拟电路（如模数转换器）是标准器件或者标准集成点路。

可以从产品目录和数据手册当中选择标准集成电路，从经销商处购买。

系统制造商和设计人员可以在各种不同的微电子系统（“微电子系统”是指应用微电子技术和集成电路的系统）中使用相同的标准器件。

1、In November 1971, Intel introduced the world's first commercial microprocessor, the 4004, invented by three Intel engineers. Primitive by today's standards, it contained a mere 2300 transistors and performed about 6000calculations in a second. Today, the microprocessor is the most complex mass-produced product ever, with millions of transistors performing hundreds of millions of calculations each second.1971年11月，英特尔公司的三位工程师发明了世界上受骗商用未处理器4004.以今天的标准看，4004是比较简单的。