unit12 汉译英中从句的使用复习过程
Unit12SectionAGrammarFocus-4c
1．概念
过去完成时
过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经发生
或完成了的动作，它表示动作发生的时间是过去的过去。
2．结构
(1)肯定句：主语＋had＋过去分词＋其他．
(2)否定句：主语＋had not＋过去分词＋其他．
(3)一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
过去完成时
3．用法归纳 (1)常与before，by，by the time，by the end of等引导的时间状语 (从句)连用。状语从句的谓语动词常用一般过去式。如： By the time/Before I came to this school，I had learned English.在来 这个学校之前，我已经在学英语了。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状 态，与“for＋时间段”连用，谓语动词用延续性动词。如： He had been ill for a week when he told me.当他告诉我时，他已经 病了一周了。
3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school. _B_y_t_h_e__ti_m__e _I_g_o_t_t_o__sc_h_o_o_l_, _t_h_e_t_e_a_ch__er__ _h_a_d_c_o_l_le_c_t_e_d_t_h_e_m__a_t_h_h__o_m_e_w_o_r_k_._____
__h_a_d_s_t_a_r_t_ed_ (start) teaching. 3. We ___h_a_d__le_a_r_n__t _ (learn) over 1,000 words 4. bI y_h_tah__de_ec_nl_ed_a_on_fe_dla(sctletearnm) t.he room before he
unit12 汉译英中从句的使用
副词从句
副词从句在整个句子中起状语作用，一般划 分为九种：时间、地点、方式、比较、原因、 结果、目的、让步和条件。每种从句都有相 应的引导连词，这些连词可以是单字或者词 组。在很多情况下，从汉语复句中使用的关 联词，很容易找出对应得英语关联词，已构 成副词从句。
e.g. 只要他一进屋，她就不说话了。 She fell silent whenever he came into the room. 你一旦了解它们的处境，就会改变看法。 Once you know their plight, you will change your opinion. 但汉英在表达形式上有差别。 孩子们现在应该做作业，却在玩儿电子游戏。 The children are playing video games when they should be doing their homework.
但是，这种汉英大体对应的情况只会出现于英语形容 词从句修饰名词的时候。如果英语形容词从句修饰代 词、短语或句子，汉语往往要换用其它结构。 E.g. He laughs the best who laughs the last (谁笑在最后，谁笑得最美)； She said she was in a traffic jam, which was quite possible. (她说路上堵车了，这倒有可能) ; He tried to persuade his wife, which was in vain. (他试图说服妻子，但徒劳无益)；
3 她不喜欢他那样盯着她看。 She doesn’t like him to stare at her like that. She doesn’t like the way he stares at her.
Unit 12 汉英翻译应试技巧
抓住主要信息点进行组句 在汉译英中要抓住主要信息点进行组句，使 译文重点突出。 例： 唐长安城包括今西安市城区和近郊区，面积 相当于现在西安城的七倍半，城周有三十六 点七千米，城内居住着约一百万人口。
例：唐长安城包括今西安市城区和近郊区，面积 相当于现在西安城的七倍半，城周有三十六点七 千米，城内居住着约一百万人口。 During the Tang Dynasty, Chang’an included present-day Xi’an and its suburbs, 6.5 times larger than pre-liberation Xi’an. It was 36.7 km in circumference, and had a population of one million. In Tang Dynasty, its capital city Chang’an, with a circumference of 36.7 km, was 7.5 times as large as Xi’an today, equal to the whole area of present-day Xi’an together with its outskirts, and had a population of about one million.
吃透原文，周密考虑每个词语的确切含义 我们的共产党和共产党领导的八路军，新 四军，是革命的队伍。 Our Communist Party and the Eighth Route and New Fourth Armies led by our Party are troops of the revolution. Troop → battalion
努力传达原文中的各方面信息 ●首先要确定译文的基本时态和基本语域。 例： 他回到离别三年的故乡。 ① He returned to his hometown from which he had been away for 3 years. ② He returned to his hometown which he had been away from for 3 years. ③ He returned to his hometown he had been away from for 3 years.
Unit12重要知识点讲解2021-2022学年人教版九年级英语
Unit12 Life is full of the unexpected.重要知识点讲解Section A_Grammar Focus_Section B_综合Section A一、时间状语从句回顾[点拨]时间状语从句：表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。
连接时间状语从句的连接词有：when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since...这里要注意一点的是，在使用时间状语从句时一定要正确使用主从句时态的搭配形式。
二、过去完成时[点拨]1."过去完成时":表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。
它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。
2.结构：主语+had+动词过去分词，否定式是在had后加not，缩写为hadn’t.3.一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语，与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：1)when+从句(谓语为过去式)2)As+从句(谓语为过去式)3)by+过去的时间点；4)before+过去的时间点5)by the end of+过去的时间点Grammar Focus一、when...与by the time+从句比较By the time I got back to school,the bell had rung.当我到学校的时候，铃声已经响了。
When I got to school,I realized I had left my backpack at home.当我到学校时，我就意识到我把背包落在家里了。
[点拨]1."by the time+从句"表示“到...时”，主句的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，有时状态性动词根据情况可用一般过去时，介词by后面也可接表示时间点的词语，主句则表示在此时间之前某个动作已完成。
新目标九年级英语unit12知识点汇总
新目标九年级英语unit12知识点汇总九年级英语Unit 12知识点汇总Unit 12是九年级英语的最后一个单元，内容涵盖了阅读理解、语法、词汇以及写作等多个方面。
本文将对这些知识点进行汇总，总结归纳，以帮助同学们更好地复习和掌握。
一、阅读理解本单元的阅读理解主要围绕旅游主题展开，包括观光旅游和生态旅游等。
文章的难度适中，同学们应注重理解文章的主旨和细节，并学会运用阅读技巧来解答问题。
二、语法1. 宾语从句：宾语从句是指出现在一个句子中作宾语的从句。
宾语从句通常以连接词that, if, whether等开头。
如：I know that he is a good student.2. 将来进行时：将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作或某个未来的事件。
构成：will be + 动词ing。
如：They will be watching a movie at this time tomorrow.3. 动词不定式的被动语态：动词不定式的被动语态由to be + 过去分词构成。
如：The problem needs to be solved.4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句用来询问某个具体的信息，常见的特殊疑问词有：what, who, when, where, why, how等。
如：What time is it?三、词汇1. 旅游相关词汇：tourist, travel, destination, attraction, guide, sightseeing等。
2. 计量词：本单元涉及了一些计量词，如：a pair of, a group of,a piece of等。
在使用时要注意与名词的搭配。
3. 形容词和副词：学习一些形容词和副词可以丰富语言表达，如：breathtaking, fascinating, slightly等。
四、写作本单元的写作任务是写一篇关于英国旅游的文章。
写作时可以运用所学的词汇和语法知识，通过添加细节和论述观点来丰富文章。
人教版初中英语9年级全一册Unit12知识清单+习题(含答案)复习过程
人教版初中英语9年级全一册U n i t12知识清单+习题(含答案)九年 Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected 一、必背词汇unexpected adj.出乎意料的；始料不及的backpack n．背包；旅行包oversleep v．睡过头；睡得太久block n．街区worker n．工作者；工人stare v．叮着看；凝视disbelief n．不信；怀疑above prep．在…上面 adv在上面burn v．着火；燃烧burning adj.着火的；燃烧的alive adj.活着；有生气的airport n．机场till prep．＆conj，到；直到west adv．向西；朝西adj.向西的；西部的n．西；西方cream n．奶油；乳脂workday n．工作日pie n.果馅饼；果馅派bean n．豆；豆荚market n．市场；集市fool n．蠢人；傻瓜v愚弄costume n，服装；装束embarrassed adj.窘迫的；害羞的announce v.宣布；宣告spaghetti n．意大利面条hoax n骗局；恶作剧discovery n．发现；发觉lady n．女士；女子cancel v．取消；终止officer n．军官；官员believable adj.可相信的；可信任的disappear v．消失；不见embarrassing adj.使人害羞的二、常考短语、用法by the time在…以前give…… a lift捎…一程in line with与…成一排show up赶到；露面by the end of在（某时间点）以前costume party化装舞会sell out卖光take a shower洗淋浴be late for．做……迟到go off（闹铃、警铃等）响起wake up醒来put on穿上rush out冲出；奔出brush one’s teeth刷牙end up最终成为，最后处于be full of充满；装满stare at 凝视……；盯着……看in disbelief怀疑地；难以置信地take off起飞turn into变成arrive at到达leave for动身去…get dressed穿衣服stay up熬夜on April Fool’s Day在愚人节那天all kinds of各种各样的play jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑no more不再get married结婚hundreds of数以百计的the whole country全国run away逃跑hear about 听说invite sb. to＋某地邀请某人去某地leave+宾语＋地点状语把…忘在某处start doing sth. 开始做某事be about to do sth．刚要／即将做某事decide to do sth．决定做某事forget to do sth．忘记做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事ask sb． to do sth．请求某人做某事marry sb．＝ get married to sb．和某人结婚as much＋不可数名词＋ as one can／ could尽可能多so＋adi./adv＋that．如此…以至于…（that引导结果状语从句）finish doing sth．完成某事get a chance to do sth．得到机会做某事三、重点句型1. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.我起床时，我的哥哥已经在洗淋浴了。
九年级Unit12基础知识复习
A．what does Christmas mean B．what Christmas does mean
C．what mean Christmas does D．what Christmas means
11. He said __ she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk.
Often we justthe town center,as many of our friends.
4.如果事先没打电话我们是不会去拜访朋友家的。
We never visit a friend’s housefirst.
5.我们经常计划做一些有趣的事情。
We usually plan to do.
宾语从句专项练习
I.将下列句子合并为一句
1. His money is running out. He said …
2. Did the monkey escape from the zoo? I don’t know …
3. What has happened to her? Could you please tell me …?
A. that B. where C. which D. what
12. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _______ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.
A. that B. how C. what D. if
A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving Day C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start
第12章名词性从句的翻译ppt课件
Not long ago the scientists made an exciting discovery that this “waste” material could be turned into plastics. (同位语从句)
名词性从句的翻译
英语名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语 从句、同位语从句 四类。这些从句的翻译一般按 原句的语序处理 即可，相对比较容易，但有时也 可以译为并列分句、定语从句或其它形式的句子。
1.名词性从句译成并列分句 2.名词性从句译成定语从句 3.名词性从句译成其它句子
1.译成并列分句
如果名词性从句包含两层以上的意思，需要把主句与从句 分开译。一般先译出从句，放在句首，然后用汉语的复指 代词“这”“那”，与主句的其他成分连成一句。同位语 从句的翻译与定语从句的翻译非常近似，可以将同位语从 句放在名词前，相当于前置的修饰语，但不必使用定语的 标志“的”字；可以保持原句的语序，译为后置的并列句， 加入冒号、破折号或“这样”、“这…”、“那就是”、 “即”等字眼；也可以改变原句的同位语结构，采用汉语 的无主句或其它方式的译法。
（宾语从句） 如果没有城市的支持, 简直难以想象会有大学、医院和大 企业, 甚至连科学技术也不会有。
4.We fail to learn that pain is the body's way of in-
forming the mind that we are doing something wrong, not necessarily that something is wrong.
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9.不管遇到什么样的困难，我们都有信心战胜 它们。
Unit 12汉译英中从句的使用
~lecture 12~
汉译英中从句的使用
英语复合句由主句和从句构成，从句包括形 容词从句（adjective clause）、名词从 句（noun clause）和副词从句 （adverbial clause）。
从句的使用是提高汉英水平的突破口。 再有，是否使用英语复合句来翻译，主要取
it. 3）There is really nothing I can
do about it. 4) It is really beyond my power
to do anything about this.
2.我们的忍耐是有限度的。 Our tolerance is not unlimited. Our toleration has a limit. There is a limit to what we will tolerate. There is only so much we will put up with.
Complicated interpersonal relationship was one of the reasons I didn’t like working there.
One of the reasons I disliked working there was the complicated relationship among the staff.
(他试图说服妻子，但徒劳无益)；
只有摆脱汉语形式的束缚，把握其各个部分 含义的内在联系，才能在译文中充分发挥形 容词从句的表达力。
形容词从句
1.对此我确实无能为力。 1）I have no power to change it. 2). I can really do nothing about
决于原文的内在含义，而不是其外在形式。
使用形容词从句进行汉译英是，最基本的用法是对应汉 语“……的”的结构，
如“母亲给她买的生日礼物”
（the birthday present her mother bought her）,
“我童年时代生活的小村庄”
（the small village where I spent my childhood）,
E.g. He laughs the best who laughs the last
(谁笑在最后，谁笑得最美)；
She said she was in a traffic jam, which was quite possible.
(她说路上堵车了，这倒有可能) ;
He tried to persuade his wife, which was in vain.
7. 总有一天他要为其所作所为付出代价。
Someday he will pay the price for what he has done.
The day will come when he has to reap what he has sown.
8. 人际关系复杂是我不喜欢在那儿工作的原因之一。
From the time I first saw him, I knew he was not easy to get along with.
From the moment I laid eyes on him, I knew he was not a man one could get along with easily.
I want to find a new job where I can start afresh.
6. 从第一次见到他，我就知道这个人不易相 处。
From the first time I set my eyes on him, I knew he was a difficult man to get along with.
5. 我想换个工作单位，在那里可以一切从新 开始。
I want to change my job so that I can start everything anew.
I want to find another job where I can start all over again.
I want to change to another work unit where I can make a fresh start.
He rattled away about things I had no interest in at all.
He talked nonstop about things that did not interest me in the least.
Talk on and on about something.
“刚才和你说话的小女孩”
（the girl who was talking with you just nowபைடு நூலகம்,
“他彻夜难眠的原因”
（the reason why he lies awake all night
但是，这种汉英大体对应的情况只会出现于英语形容 词从句修饰名词的时候。如果英语形容词从句修饰代 词、短语或句子，汉语往往要换用其它结构。
3 她不喜欢他那样盯着她看。
She doesn’t like him to stare at her like that.
She doesn’t like the way he stares at her.
4. 他滔滔不绝地将一些我根本不感兴趣的 话题。
He kept talking about subjects in which I had not the slightest interest.