专四语法总结
专四语法
第一部分语法与词汇一、虚拟语气考点（一）“if”引导从句假设类型if从句谓语v. 主句谓语v.与现在事实相反v.过去式（be用were不用was）would/should（第一人称）/could/might + do与过去事实相反had + done would/should（第一人称）/could/might + have done与将来事实相反were to/should + do would/should（第一人称）/could/might + do1、省略if倒装，变化if从句（1）had + 主语 + （not）done 与过去事实相反（2）should + 主语 + do 与将来事实相反（3）were + 主语 + （not）to do 与将来事实相反以上均省略if，将had、should、were提前，句子倒装。
2、含蓄虚拟，用介词短语代替if从句引导的虚拟（1）without = but for 若不是，要不是，如果没有3、错综（混合）虚拟，主从句事态不在一个时间段（技巧：对号入座，主套主，从套从如：如果我是你（现在），我早把这书买了（过去）。
我要赶上那趟车（过去），现在就坐这上课了（现在）。
﹡（二）其他形式虚拟（单选、挑错常考到，非常重要）从句后是现在时即与现在相反，是过去时即与过去相反，是将来时即与将来相反。
wish、wishes、wishedas if/as though would rather if only 主语过去式与现在事实相反would/could + do 与将来事实相反（1）had done（2）would/could + have done 与过去事实相反would rather主语过去式与现在、将来事实相反（1）had done（2）would/could + have done 与过去事实相反但would rather + 句子用虚拟，不加句子用v.原形had better （not）do + V. 最好做…4、 if only 一般省略主句，用法与wish相同5、用表示建议、命令、要求等词引导的虚拟从句中，am、is、are原形即be解题方法：找出标志词；找出动词原形：do（主动）、be done（被动）（1）用表示建议、命令、要求等V.引导的宾从中公式：主语 + 谓语v.（必认词）+ 主语 +（should）+ do/be done必认v. suggest，propose，order，ask，require，request，desire，demand，insist，command，recommend，move，urge，advise（2）用于与建议、命令、要求等V.意义类似的形容词所引导的从句公式：It is + adj. （必认词）+ that + 主语 +（should）+ do/be done必认adj. suggested，proposed，ordered，asked，required，requested，desired（desirable），demanded，commanded，recommended，urgent，advisable，important，vital，essential，necessary, imperative（3）与表示建议、命令、要求等v.相类似的n.引导的表语从句和同位语从句表从公式：主语 + 系词 + that + 主语（should） + do/be done同位从公式：n. + that + 主语（should）+ do/be done必认n. suggestion，proposal，order，requirement，request，desire，demand，insistence，requirement，request，desire，demand，insistence，motion，recommendation，advice6、 It's/was/ + time + that + 主语 + did（过去式）早该到…的时间了/high time/about time7、跳层虚拟公式：真实，otherwise / or + 虚拟虚拟，but + 真实（一般考过去时）特点：真实——过去时或 must have done，对过去肯定猜测虚拟——would / could + have done（三）情态v. + have done ，表示对过去事情的推测must + have done 肯定，没有musn't（表禁止…）could + have done 本能够，可能做（但未做）may + have done 本可能，或许might + have done 本可能should = ought to + have done 本应做，而未做（含责备）shouldn't = oughtn't to + have done 本不应做而做了（含责备）needn't + have done 没有必要做而做了（无责备）need 情态v.“必要” + v.实义v.“需要” + need doing（形式主动，实际被动） = need to be done“需要”need + to do二、非谓语动词（一）不定式： to do / not to do1、形式（时态/语态）， vt.（vi.只有主动）基本形式：主动被动﹡一般式to do to be done﹡完成式to have done to have been done进行式to be doing ×完成进行式to have been doing ×注意：不定式的一般式表示动作与主句的动作将要发生或同时发生，而不定式的完成式表示动作要先于主句的动作前发生，不定式的完成式不能作定语。
专四常考语法点汇总定稿版
专四常考语法点汇总精编W O R D版IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一：从属分句复合句= 主句+从句（1个或1个以上）要点1从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句（即定语从句）和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等；名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上；关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。
一状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008, 53)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008, 55)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008, 54)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008, 60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. (2009，60)A. whenB. asC. untilD. than6 ____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. （2010，55）A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However7 Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that8 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ___ that he paid me back the following week. (2005)A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if9 Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?A. I got a job as soon as I left university.B. As there was on answer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercise as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is, Mark is not a happy man.状语从句重点总结：（一）条件状语从句：表示条件或假设，通常由以下连词或结构引导：★特别提醒几种不常用的条件状语从句举例：In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first. Suppose it snowed, we would still go.Say what he said were true, what would you do about it?（二）让步状语从句：含有“虽然，尽管，即使”之意，主要引导词有：★特别提醒1. 几种不常用的让步状语从句举例：In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music. While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.For all that there were a lot of difficulties, he finally entered the final competition and won.Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.2. 用了although或though，就一定不能再后面的从句中同时用but，但是though可以和yet 连用。
专四语法小结
专业四级语法小结考查点1.物主代词的用法Our association ,which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled ,will published its proposals in the near future.2.虚拟语气●错综时间条件句，从句与过去的事实相反，为省略的if的倒装句，主句是对现在的情况的虚拟（now）主句用would do 的形式●If引导的虚拟语气：●表示与现在的情况相反：if + 主语+ 动词过去式，主语+ would/could/might/should+动词原形●If we had enough money ,we would go to shanghai.●表示与过去的事实相反：if + 主语+ 动词的过去完成式，主语+would/could/should/might +have 动词的过去分词●If i had learned the lesson ,i wouldn’t have made the same mistake.●表示与将来的某种情况发生的可能性不大：if + 主语+ 动词的过去完成式/should + 动词原形/ were to + 动词原形，主语+ would/could/might/should+ 动词原形●If i were to do the job ,i would do it in a different way.●Should +have +过去分词------本该做某事但没有做●Must + have +过去分词----对过去事实的肯定推测●Might + have +过去分词----过去可能做了某事●Could + have +过去分词-----本可以做某事●在it is + 形容词+ that 从句的结构中，如果形容词为essential，imperative，important，insistent，necessary等时，后面的从句应该用虚拟语气，其结构为（should）+ 动词原形●Order 表“命令”时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，使用should + 动词原形结构，should 可以省略3.固定句式A is toB whatC is to D用来比较说明两种相同或相似的关系，可以起到比喻的关系Eg ; a book is to the mind what food is to the body. 书籍对于心灵犹如食物对于身体。
英语专四语法复习内容
英语专四语法复习内容想要通过英语专四考试，就必须掌握英语专四的语法。
那么英语专四的语法有哪些呢?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语专四语法内容，希望大家喜欢!英语专四语法内容一 There be 结构1. There be结构There were very few people left when we got there.There have been many such incidents.Nearby there had been a fight in full progress.也可以是情态动词 +beThere can be very little doubt about his guilt.There may always be instances about which we are uncertain. There ought to / should be some instructions on the lid.还可以是There +情态动词+ be 的完成时There may have been an accident.If the criminal had come this way, there would be / would have been footprints. There should / ought to have been someone on duty all the time.2. There + 半动词+ be，这里很少用完成体形式.There is certain to be trouble at the factory.There is sure / likely to be some rain tonight. There seems / appears to be no doubt about it.3. There be结构也可有被动式，这类there be结构有些可以与there be结构的一般形式相互转换。
英语专四语法考点总结
一、语法部分考查重点1、虚拟语气的考点为： would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时；It is vital／ necessary／ important／ urgent／ imperative／ desirable／advisable／ natural／ essential＋that＋（should）动词原形；proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；It is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般过去时；lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；if only＋that＋would＋动词原形。
2、状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even if／so，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；just／hardly...when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as...as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。
二、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如：popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。
2、习惯用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing；be supposed to／have／make sb．＋do等。
3、由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。
专四常考语法点
专四常考语法点
英语专业四级考试常考的语法点包括：
1.虚拟语气：虚拟语气是英语语法中的一个重要部分，包括条件句、
虚拟语气的使用等。
2.时态和语态：英语中的时态和语态是非常重要的，包括现在时态、
过去时态、将来时态等。
3.非谓语动词：非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词，是英语语
法中的一个难点。
4.从句：从句包括定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句等，是英语语
法中的一个重要部分。
5.倒装句：倒装句是英语语法中的一种特殊句型，包括完全倒装和
部分倒装等。
6.主谓一致：主谓一致是指句子中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上
保持一致。
7.比较级和最高级：比较级和最高级是英语语法中的一个重要部分，
包括形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。
这些语法点是英语专业四级考试中经常出现的，考生需要熟练掌握这些语法知识，才能在考试中取得好成绩。
英语专四语法总结
1.主谓一致就近原则1.由并列结构或连词（either…or，neither…nor，not…but，not only…but also，or 等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
例句：There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
3. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
例句：It is Ma ry’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。
意义一致原则1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with，no less than，besides，except，but，including等短语时，谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致。
例句：I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我，还有我姐姐，打算下个月去上海。
2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词（people，means，sheep，deer，fish等），其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。
例句：All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。
3. 多数情况下，由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。
例句：What I want to say is just “ T ake care!”.我只想说：“多保重！”4. 当主语与all，none，any，some等不定代词、形容词连用时，应根据具体句意，来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。
英语专四语法和词汇
专业四级语法和词汇：Test 1 集体名词作主语主谓一致1)通常作复数的集体名词，如：police, people, cattle, militia, poultry等，通常作复数，用复数动词。
如： Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词，如:foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, 通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。
例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词，如:audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。
The city council is meeting to set its agenda.4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。
例如：A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.近义词辨析:tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn out这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。
tired: 可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。
exhausted: 表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。
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专四必备语法一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握的要点：1.表达将来时的形式：(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。
(宾语从句)比较：I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。
(状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。
如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。
如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时,如：The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。
It is four years since John left school.(4)在It is the +序数词/形容词最高级+that的定语从句中，谓语动词常用现在完成时。
如：It isn’t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation.(5)在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。
3.完成进行时指动作在完成时的基础上还要继续下去。
如：The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened.时态、语态答题思路：(1)先根据选项的区别点确定考题要点为时态，然后回到题句中寻找给出的或暗示的时间状语，缩小选择范围，进而选出正确答案；(2)根据谓语动词与句子主语或非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，确定句子是主动语态还是被动语态。
二、不定式1.不定式做主语(1)引导逻辑主语的介词：不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。
如：Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.(2)不定式做主语补足语：掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。
注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式。
如：be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.2.不定式做宾语掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词：afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve, request, swear, tend, venture。
如：Even though the children pretended to be asleep, the nurses were not deceived when they came into the room.3.不定式做定语(1)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, last, only, not a, the, very等限定词时，该名词用不定式做定语。
如：the first woman to set foot on the moon 第一个登上月球的女性(2)如果其动词要求不定式做宾语，相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。
如：tendency to do→tend to do, decision to do→decide to doThis book is an attempt to help you use English and recognize how it is used.(3)如果其形容词形式要求接不定式做补语，相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。
如：ambition to do “干……的雄心”→be ambitious to do“有雄心干……”curiosity to do “对……的好奇心”→be curious to do“对……好奇”ability to do“做……的能力”→able to do“有能力做……”According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species’ ability to survive are naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generation.(4)表示方式、原因、时间、机会、权利等名词用不定式做定语，这些名词包括：way, method, reason, time, place, chance, occasion, opportunity, evidence, power, right, movement, drive (运动)，effort等。
如：I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus.We appreciate your efforts to bring about a comprehensive solution to the existing problem.(5)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot习惯上用不定式做定语。
如：Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved.4.不定式做状语不定式做状语主要表示目的、程度、结果、方式。
(1)in order to(do), so as to(do)结构引导目的状语，so as to不能臵于句首。
如：(2)so…as to, such…as to, enough…to, too…to结构做程度状语。
如：The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, don’t have small children and get along well enough to spend most of their time together.The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed.(3)不定式做结果状语只能出现在句子的末尾，表示不愉快的结果，有时用only加强语气。
常见的不定式动词有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。
如：Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.(4)not/never too… to, too… not to, but/only too…to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to表示肯定意义。
如：I am only too pleased to hear from you further. 能再听到你的消息，我太高兴了。
三、动名词1.必须接动名词做宾语的动词牢记下列要求接动名词做宾语的动词：acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit, confess, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, justify, mention, pardon, practice, postpone, recall，recollect，risk, resist, suggest, tolerate。