英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析)
汉译英翻译十大技巧

译文: A good chef is always trying to seek balance among cereal, meat and vegetable.
解析:仔细分析发现,句中有两个动词,分别是“努力”和“取得”,而“取得”是“努力”的目的,故把“努力”处理为谓语动词,“取得…”作目的状语。整句的主干为“厨师努力去取得”,译作…chef is trying to seek
2.汉语多短句,英语多长句。汉语侧重语义,多用短句、分句来表达;英语多用长句及复合句,其结构通过时态、标点符号及关联词来表达。因此,汉译英往往需要对原文进行合译、增补词汇等。
3.汉语多重复,英语多替代。汉语由于结构较松散,常对名词进行重复,使语义更加清晰,对动词进行重复起增强语气的作用:而英语常使用代词、名词及do,do so或so do,so,as或其他词组来代替重复出现的部分。
3.用解释的方式。中文的习惯用语和四字成语是令大家头痛的难点,汉译英时,可分两步走:先用浅显易懂的中文对其进行解释,然后再将其转化为英文。
4.根据上下文中的某个表达翻译某些难译的词。四级考试所考查的段落翻译是就某个话题展开的,所以有时可以借用上下文一些相关的表达来译出一些难以直译的词。
【例9】他为人太过圆滑,所以没人喜欢他
【例11】历史上,小说作为一种文学形式经常被忽视和否定。尽管如此,对社会发展来说,小说起着不可磨灭的作用。
In history, novel, as a form of literature,
was often ignored and denied. In spite of these,to the development of society, novel has an
英汉翻译技巧week 4

politically, and economically.
•
20世纪60年代,在军事、政治、经济等 各方面,苏联人对美国的霸权地位提出了 严重的挑战。
• The first electronic computers went into operation in 1945. • 第一批电子计算机于1945年投入使用。
• 人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、 “他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、 “你们”、“他们”的词。 • I我 you你 he他 she她 they他们 • me我(宾格)you你(宾格)him他(宾 格)her她(宾格)them他们(宾格)
• • • •
物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词 第一人称单数 my mine 我的 第二人称单数 your yours 你的 第三人称单数 his his 他的 her hers 她的 its its 它的 • 第一人称复数 our ours 我们的 • 第二人称复数 your yours 你们的 • 第三人称复数 their theirs 他们的、她们的、它们 的
• This report summed up the new achievements made in electron tubes, semiconductors and components.
• 本报告总结了电子管、半导体和元件 三 方面的新成就。
7. To add words for rhetoric
• With the development of electrical engineering,power can be transmitted over long distance. • 随着电气工程学的发展,电力能被输送 到非常遥远的地方去。
汉译英:篇章的翻译分析解析

Pan:(putting on a frown):Tackling a job again.——
Is that all you can think of when you see me? No time for anything but getting mixed up in things that don't concern you. Pai-lu:How do you know? Pan: Fu-sheng told me all about it. Pai-lu:Are you on? Pan:(going across to the Shrimp):Wen, so this is the little shrimp. Pai-lu:Look at the poor little thing,she—— Pan:All right, all right, I know all about it.That‟s what always happens,anyway. Pai-lu:(menacingly):Well, Yueh-ting,are you on? Pan:Yes,I‟m on! Pai-lu:Well, Shrimp,aren‟t you going to thank Mr.Pan? (Tr.A.C.Barnes)
杨志取路,不数日,来到东京;入得城来,寻
个客店,安歇下,庄客交还担儿,与了些银两, 自回去了。(《水浒传》) 这是一篇叙事文字,按照事件发生的先后顺 序层层交待,对开端、进展、结果三个部分逐 一说明,人物、时间、地点清清楚楚。请阅读 下述译文,并注意划线的部分。 Yang Zhi thus journeyed on for many days and he went toward the eastern capital.He came into the city and found an inn and there settled himself to rest.The farmer gave him the bundle and received some silver and went back alone.(Tr.Pearl S.Buck)
常用英汉互译技巧

八、插入法 指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句 中。这种方法主要用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中,即用同位 语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。
如:如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的“带来灾难性的影 响”,那我们将勇敢地面对这个灾难,做出决策。 If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, “disastrous effects,” we will face that disaster squarely and make a new policy decision.
常用英汉互译技巧
五、正译法和反译法
这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子 按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照 与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果, 但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道 。
例1. 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译) This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译) 例2. 他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译) He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译)
常用英汉互译技巧
三、转换法 例1. Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词) 例2. 由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国力有了明显 的增强。 Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. (动 词转名词) 例3. 时间不早了,我们回去吧! We don’t have much time left. Let’s go back. (句型转换)
英汉翻译实用技巧

英汉翻译实用技巧语言的互相翻译不但有利于各国文化的交流,更有利于语言的发展。
在搞翻译工作时最怕碰上习语多的文章。
因为为了忠于原者,译文必须既坚持它的外国味,但也要符合本国文字的要求,而翻译习语却是最难把这两个标准一同达到的。
为了要适汉地把外国语言中的习语忠实地翻译出来,有经验的翻译工作者一般采取下列几种方法:一、正确理解理解主要通过原文的上下文来进行,译者必须从上下文的关系中来探求正确译法。
上下文可以是一个句子、一个段落,也可以是整节、整章,以至全文、全书。
为透彻理解原文,须理解语言现象,逻辑关系等。
下面从语义分析,语境分析和语用分析三个方面阐述如何正确理解原文。
(一) 语义分析(Semantic analysis)语义分析是指一定的语境之中,按照一定次序排列的词与词之间的语义关系及其含义。
在理解原文中某一个词的含义时,译者首先要区分清楚其概念意义(conceptual meaning)和关联意义(associative meaning),即某一个词的本意及其引申意义。
例如chair一词在下面4个句子中的意义:•seat oneself in a chair坐在椅子上(概念意义)•accept a university chair接受大学教授之职位(关联意义)•chair a meeting主持会议(关联意义)•committed to the chair处以电刑(关联意义)换言之,要正确理解原文,就要力图透过表层进入深层及透过表面意义,抓住其内在意义,暗含意义乃至其弦外之意。
比如wet一词在以下例子中的意义:•wet paint!油漆未干(勿触油漆)!•wet suit潜水服•wet nurse奶妈•wet blanket扫兴的人或事•be wet to the skin全身湿透这种一词多义的现象,在英语中是非常普遍的。
读者应对此高度重视,要勤查字典,尤其要避免离开上下文,仅仅用已知的含义生搬硬套,贻笑大方。
新四级汉译英段落翻译技巧分析解析

• 原文:他是1970 年5 月20 日在北京朝阳区出 生的。 • 译文:He was born in Chaoyang District of Beijing on May 20, 1970. • 分析:汉语中时间状语在地点状语之前,时间 状语与地点状语按从大到小的 顺序排列,而英 语中地点状语在时间状语之前,时间状语与地 点状语按从小到大的顺序排列。
• 他的演讲给我们的印象很深。 • 译文:His speech impressed us deeply. • 3. 动词转化成名词 • 例如:他善于观察。 • 译文: He is a good observer.
3.词的增补
(1)语法需要 • 由于汉英两种语言的差异,汉译英时往往需要补充汉语里 省去的词语或没有的词类,使译文符合英语语法的要求。 增补的词多为冠词(英语所特有)、代词或名词(充当句 子的主语、宾语、定语等成分)、连词和介词等。 • 原文:农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多,因此欲 望也小得多。 • 译文:People in the agriculture society enjoyed far less than people in the industry society, thus their desires are far less either. • 分析:英语中用的最多的介词有at, by , for, from, in, of, on, to和with九个。这些介词是连接英语句子的重要纽带,在英 语中起着极其重要的作用。汉译英时,要根据上下文搭配 灵活地选择介词。
(2)状语的位置 • 原文:中华民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切。 • 译文:Chinese people has never regarded human being as the highest creature among everything else since ancient times. (状语后置) • • 原文:我吃了晚饭后出去散步。 • 译文:I went out for a walk after I had my dinner. / After I had my dinner, I went out for a walk. • 分析: 汉语按事情发生先后叙述,而英语中时间状语从句可 在主句前,也可在主句后。
英译汉的翻译方法和技巧

英译汉的翻译方法和技巧英译汉的翻译方法和技巧语序调整主要指词序、句序两方面的调整。
英汉语句中的、主要成分主语、谓语、宾语或表语的词序基本上是一致的,但各种定语的位置和各种状语的次序在英、汉语言中则有同有异。
一、定语位置的调整1.单词作定语英文中,单词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词前,汉语中也大体如此。
有时英文中有后置的,但译成汉语时一般都前置。
somethingimportant (后置)重要的事情(前置)如果英文中名词前的定语过多,译文中则不宜完全前置,因为汉语不习惯在名词前用过多的定语。
alittle, yellow, raggedbeggar (前置)一个要饭的,身材矮小,面黄肌瘦,衣衫褴褛(后置)2.短语作定语英文中,修饰名词的短语一般放在名词之后,而汉语则反之,但间或也有放在后面的,视汉语习惯而定。
theirattempttocrosstheriver (后置)他们渡江的企图(前置)二、状语位置的调整1.单词作状语Hewasveryac ti veinclass.(前置)他在班上很活跃,专业英文《专业英文的翻译技巧讲与练》。
(前置)英文中单词作状语修饰动词时,一般放在动词之后,而在汉语里则放在动词之前。
Modernscienceand technologyaredevelopingrapidly.(后置)现代科学技术正在迅速发展。
(前置)2.短语作状语英文中短语状语可放在被修饰的动词之前或之后,译成汉语时则大多数放在被修饰的动词之前,但也有放在后面的。
Seeing this, someofusbecameveryworried. (前置)看到这种情况,我们有些人心里很着急。
(前置)Ajeepfullspedfast, drenchingmeinspray.(后置)一辆坐满人的吉普车急驶而过,溅了我一身水。
(后置)英文中地点状语一般在时间状语之前,而汉语中时间状语则往往放在地点状语之前。
英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析).

英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析)Category: 本科四年级Key words: comprehensive analysis, transliteration, literal translation, annotation, division,hypotaxis, E-C translationAbstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of such major techniques as transliteration +annotation, literal translation and annotation, division and hypotaxis used in text translating.Compiler:《英语世界》Date: 2000/7E-CPassage 2A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court(1) During a guided tour of Warwick Castle Twain meets a fellow American who seems strangely familiar with the medieval world. (2) That evening the man visits Twain in his hotel room with a strange story to tell. (3) He is, he explains, a Yankee from Connecticut-shrewd, hard, unsentimental stock-and worked in the arms business. (4) One day he was knocked out in a fight at the factory and, when he recovered consciousness, found himself in Arthurian England in the year 528.(5) Sir Kay appears and escorts the Yankee to Camelot. (6) He quickly makes friends with a servant, Clarence, and learns that he is Sir Kay's prisoner. (7) He is taken to the Great Hall where the Knights of the Round Table are celebrating and boasting of their deeds at arms. (8) He thinks Arthur and his knights engagingly native but is shocked by their coarseness and their inhumane treatment of the servants. (9) Merlin tells how King Arthur got his sword Excalibur from the Lady of the Lake, but the other knights are so familiar with the story that they fall asleep. (10) Sir Kay exhibits the Yankee to the company and gives a ridiculously exaggerated account of his capture. (11)The Yankee is condemned to die the next day.亚瑟王朝廷里的康涅狄格州美国人(1) 马克吐温在导游引导下游览沃雷克城堡时,认识了一位对中世纪世界似乎异常熟悉的美国同胞。
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英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析)Category: 本科四年级Key words: comprehensive analysis, shift of perspective, amplification, parataxis, othertechniques, E-C translationAbstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of such major techniques as shift of perspective, amplification, and parataxis used in text translating.Compiler: 许建平等Date: 2000年E-CPassage 1①On my last holiday in the Bahamas, as I walked along the beach feeling the gentle waves wash over my feet, I felt part of universe, even if only a minuscule one, like a grain of sand on the beach.②Although I had to restrict the size of my practice, I felt a closer empathy with my patients.③When I walked into the Intensive Care Unit there was an awesome feeling knowing I, too,had been a patient there.④It was a special satisfaction to comfort my patients with cancer, knowing that it is possible to enjoy life after the anguish of that diagnosis.⑤It gave me a feeling to see the sparkle in one patient's eyes-a man with a total laryngectomy-when I asked if he would enjoy a cold beer and went to get him one.⑥If one realizes that our time on this earth is but a tiny fraction of that within the cosmos, then life calculated in years may not be as important as we think.⑦Why measure life in heartbeats?⑧When life is dependent on such an unreliable function as the beating of the heart, then it is fragile indeed.⑨The only thing that one can depend upon with absolute certainty is death.①上次到巴哈马度假期间,我沿着海滩漫步,海浪轻轻抚揉着我的双脚,此时此刻,我蓦然觉得自己与整个宇宙融为一体,尽管我显得微不足道,就像海滩上的一粒沙子。
②虽然我不得不限制自己的医务工作量,但我感到与病人更加心灵相通。
③当我走进特别护理室时,一种敬畏之感油然而生,因为我知道自己也曾是这里的病人。
④我明白,在经历了被确诊为癌症的极度痛苦之后,仍有可能享受人生,因此,安慰癌症患者是我最大的快乐。
⑤一位病人做了喉切除手术,我问他是否想喝冻啤酒,而且为他拿来了一杯,这时我看到他眼里闪耀着感激的神情,一股暖流顿时涌上我的心头。
⑥倘若人们意识到人的一生只不过是宇宙的时间长河中转瞬即逝的一刹那,那么以岁月计算的生命就不会像我们所想象的那样重要了。
⑦何必以心跳来定生死呢?⑧当生命依赖于心跳这样一种不可靠的功能时,它的确脆弱不堪。
⑨而只有死亡才是人们唯一可以绝对依赖的。
(许建平<英汉互译实践与技巧>清华大学出版社)[分析]本文主要涉及视角转换(shift of perspective),增词(amplification),和意合(parataxis)等翻译技巧。
具体分析如下:①意合:英文形合的一个复合句翻译成中文意合的七个散句。
视角转换:词性的转换,介词转换成动词"到"。
切分:"I walked along the beach feeling the gentle waves wash over my feet"在译文中分成两个句子。
增词:增加"此时此刻"。
②视角转换:由肯定"had to"转换成否定形式"不得不"。
形合:译文中仍为由"虽然"和"但是"这一组转折连词连接。
③视角转换:"knowing I, too, had been a patient there"这一分词短语转换成由"因为"引导的原因状语从句④视角转换:句序调整增词:增加连词"因此"切分:"knowing that it is possible to enjoy life after the anguish of that diagnosis"这一分词短语切分成译文中的三个分句。
⑤意合视角转换:句序调整;词性转换,名词"sparkle"转换成动词"闪耀着"。
切分:"It gave me a feeling to see the sparkle in one patient's eyes"分成译文中的两个分句。
增词:增加"感激的神情","顿时"等。
⑥形合:译文仍由"倘若"和"那么"这一组条件状语从句连词连接。
⑦增词:增加语气助词"呢"。
⑧视角转换:词性转换,形容词"is dependent on"转换成动词"依赖于"。
⑨省词:省略"thing" 。
passage 2Key words: comprehensive analysis, division, other techniques, C-E translationAbstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of the major technique "division" and othertechniques used in text translating.Compiler: 李运兴编著Date: 1998年E-C英文原文:(1)Someone once remarked that the British and the Americans are two peoples separated by the same language.(2)Most epigrams exaggerate for effect, and this one is no exception. (3)But it is, nevertheless, undeniably true that some commonly used words mean different things in these two cultures.(4)Consider the seemingly single term-"the government."(5)To parliamentarians trained in British terminology, "the government" means "the cabinet: a group of the legislature's own members, chosen byit to devise public policies, to manage the legislature's major activities, and to exercise executive powers.(6)In theory, at least, the government continues office only so long as it commands the support of a majority of the legislature.(7)Losing that support, it may be turned out of power at almost any moment. (8)When Americans say "the government," they mean something quite different: it connotes the whole governmental structure-executive, legislative and judicial.(9)Americans assume a situation in which the branches of government are deliberately separated and in which the powers of each check and balance those of the other.(李运兴编著"英汉语篇翻译",清华大学出版社,1998)中文译文:(1)有人曾说,英国人和美国人是被同一种语言分隔开的两个民族。
(2)警句为求效果大多过于夸张,上述警句也不例外。
(3)尽管如此,在这两种文化中,一些常用词汇表达了不同的事物,这一点却是千真万确的。
(4)让我们看看一个貌似简单的词-“政府”。
(5)对于那些受英国术语熏陶的议员们,“政府”指的是内阁,是立法机构本身的一批成员,由立法机构任命来制订公共政策,处理议会的重大活动并行使行政权力。