2012广东高考英语试题解析

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）A

英语

I 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

We all know that some things are obviously right. For example, it is right to be ___1___ to other people. It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are ___2___ wrong, too. For instance, we should not hurt or bully(欺负) others, nor should we litter. Rules often tell us what is right or wrong.

Rules can help the public make the right ___3___, and remain safe. Car divers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes. Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent ___4___.

If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideration, it will be ___5___ for them to form what is sometimes called a “black and white” view. For example, they may believe that people should always tell the truth, and that lying is ___6___ acceptable. Such people always stick to their views, even if it means that they may get into ___7___.

Sometimes it may not be so easy to know ___8___ what is right or wrong. Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is ___9___ to eat animals, but other argue that they can eat meat and ___10___ be kind to animals; some insist that stealing is always wrong, but others think that one does not need to feel so ___11___ when stealing some food to eat, if he lives in a really poor area and he is ___12___.

Rules help us live together in harmony, because they show us the right way to ___13___ others. However, some people argue that rules may be ___14___, having observed that rules change all the time, and that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones —so who is to ___15___ what is right ?

1. A. kind B .sensitive C. fair D. generous

2. A. equally B. slightly C. clearly D. increasingly

3. A. suggestions B. conclusions C. turns D. choices

4. A. accidents B mistakes C. falls D. deaths

5. A. interesting B. vital C. easy D. valuable

6 .A. seldom B. rarely C. merely D. never

7. A. trouble B. power C. prison D. control

8. A. roughly B. eventually C. deliberately D. exactly

9. A. awful B. cruel C. unhealthy D. unnecessary

10. A. still B. even C. later D. somehow

11. A. nervous B. anxious C. afraid D. guilty

12. A. begging B. staving C. growing D. wandering

13. A. follow B. instruct C. treat D. protect

14. A. disgusting B. confusing C. unsafe D. unimportant

15. A. predict B. explain C. decide D. consider

本文说明规章有助于人们判断是非，作出正确选择，有助于我们和睦相处，但有时要判断否

非也不容易。

1. A 与下文hurt or bully(欺负) others 意义相对的应是be kind to others，反义同现。

2. C 与第一句some things are obviously right相对应，与obviously近义复现的是clearly。

3. D 由常识和下句“…tell them the right things to do on the road”可知，规章是告诉人们对该如何做作出正确“选择”。

4. A 由常识和上面中的avoid crashes可知，选A。accidents与crash是上下义复现。

5. C 由逻辑推断可知，如果人们遵守规章而不用考虑其他事情，他们就很“容易”形成是“黑白”观。

6. D 因tell the truth与lying相对，而与always相对的应是never。

7. A 由常识可知，坚持自己的观点的人有时也会“惹上麻烦”。“上台(get into power)”与语境不符，“坐牢(get into prison)”似乎也是可能发生的，但可能言重了。

8. D 由下面的例子可知，有时很难“严格地”区分正确与错误。

9. B 由but可知，应选与下文中kind相对的cruel。反义同现。

10. A 他们认为可以吃肉，但对动物“依然”是友好的。

11. D 根据俗语“做贼心虚”可知，偷东西应有“犯罪感”，即感到犯了罪(guilty)。

12. B 因与poor(贫穷)同现的应是starving(挨饿)。

13. C 由因果关系可知，“规章制度有助于我们和睦相处，因为规章制度告诉我们‘对待’他人的正确方式”。

14. B 由最后一句“that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones…”可知，规章制度也可能是“令人困惑的”。

15. C 既然不同学校的规章不同，该由谁来“评判”什么是正确的呢？

第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用口号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16~25的相应位置上。

Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, ___16___ (wear) sun glasses. He walked in as if he ___17___ (buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.

For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt ___18___ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in ___19___ last row.

___20___ he thought he cloud escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little ___21___ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, ___22___ made her feel like a star.

“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head.” “Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher ___23___ a few seconds and all the othe r students wondered ___24___ the boy would do. Then he took ___25___ off, gave a big smile and said “That is cool”.

16. wearing 因已有谓语动词appeared，动词wear前又没有并列连词，即wear不是并列谓语，它应是非谓语动词，作状语，表示伴随情况；又因he与wear是主动关系，故用现在分词。

17. had bought 在主格人称代词he后，显然是作谓语；又因他不可是买下了这个学校，故

应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填had bought。

18. pleased 在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，表示“高兴的”。

19. the 特指最后的那一排，或在序数词前，用定冠词。

20. Although /Though 因he thought…与he was wrong是两个句子，且两者之间没有关联词，必定是填关联词；根据两句之间的逻辑关系，应填表示让步的“尽管，虽然”。

21. harder 作宾补依然是要用形容词，所以不作词类转换，可考虑比较级；句中a little修饰比较级harder，表示“更难一点”。

22. which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子。

23. for 表示某个动词或状态延续了多久，用“for +时间段”。

24. what 引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语，故用连接代词。

25. them 代替前面的those glasses，作took off的宾语，用人称代词的宾格。

Ⅱ阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

“Have a nice day!” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.

“Have a nice day. Next!” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone (腔调) with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attempt to increase business.

The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we don’t know what to say “oh, you may have a tooth out? I’m terribly sorry, but have a nice day.”

The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you don’t know has tried to be nice to you.

Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it’s nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don’t care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.

26. How does the author understand Maxie’s words?

A. Maxie shows her anxiety to the author.

B. Maxie really wishes the author a good day.

C. Maxie encourages the author to stay happy.

D. Maxie really worries about the author’s security.

27. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. The salesgirl is rude.

B. The salesgirl is bored.

C. The salesgirl cares about me.

D. The salesgirl says the words as a routine.

28. By saying “Have a nice day,” a stranger may _____.

A. try to be polite to you

B. express respect to you

C. give his blessing to you

D. share his pleasure with you

29. According to the last paragraph, people say “Have a nice day”_______.

A. sincerely

B. as thanks

C. as a habit

D. encouragingly

30. What is the best title of the passage?

A. Have a Nice Day—a Social Custom.

B. Have a Nice Day—a Pleasant Gesture.

C. Have a Nice Day—a Heart-warming Greeting.

D. Have a Nice Day—a Polite Ending of a Conversation.

本文主要介绍了人们相互之间常说“Have a nice day”这一习惯。

26. B 细节理解题。由第一段最后两句可知，特别是“cares about me and wishes me well”等字眼。

27. D 句意理解题。由第二段最后一句可知。

28. A 细节理解题。由第四段可知，特别是“has tried to be nice to you”最为明显。

29. C 深层理解题。由第一句(特别是custom一词)和最后一段的最后两句(While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.)可知，人们常说“Have a nice day”已成为一种习惯了。

30. A 主旨大意题。由最后一段，特别是该段的第一句(特别是custom一词)可知。

I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the baby’s point of vie w.

Mothers, doctors and nurse alike have no idea of where a baby’s blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.

It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King, who was against feeding in the night. I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn’t follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.

Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ（智商）scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This Research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample（样本）of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s, taking account of parental education, family income, a child’s sex and age, the mother’s health and feeling style. These results don’t surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.

I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices.

31. According to Paragraph 2, one reason why a baby cries is that it feels______.

A. sick

B. upset

C. sleepy

D. hungry

32. What does the author think about Dr King?

A. He is strict.

B. He is unkind.

C. He has the wrong idea.

D. He sets a timetable for mothers.

33. The word “copper-bottomed” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning t o _________.

A. basic

B. reliable

C. surprising

D. interesting

34. What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand?

A. The baby will sleep well.

B. The baby will have its brain harmed.

C. The baby will have a low blood sugar level.

D. The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.

35. The author supports deeding the baby_______.

A. in the night

B. every four hours

C. whenever it wants food

D. according to its blood sugar level

本文是典形的议论文，“总——分——总”模式。论点：是“反对定时喂养婴儿”；论据：1.我们不知道婴儿的血糖所处的情况2.定期喂养的危害3.实验结论，按需喂养较定时喂养的孩子更聪明；结论：希望结束定时喂养的习惯。

31. D 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth”可知。

32. C 推理判断题。由第三段第三句I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous (荒谬可笑的)以及本文最后一句可知。

33. B 词义猜测题。由第四段的具体描述可知。

34. D 细节理解题。由第四段第三句“By the age of 8, their IQ（智商）scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable”可知。

35. C 由本文的第一句(I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly)就提出观点，“反对定期喂婴儿”，最后一句(I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices)希望结束主张严格按时喂养的习惯。既然“不定期”，也就是按婴儿需要喂养，故选C。

I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known. I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help. After a ll, I was a teenager girl, and I couldn’t bear people to look at me and think I was not like them. I must have been a terrible danger on the roads, coming across me wandering through the traffic; motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes. Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.

One evening, I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses, and as usual I ran into something. “I’m awfully sorry,” I said and step ped forward only to run into it again. When it happened a third time, I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost. This was just one of the stupid things that constantly happened to me. So I carried on and found the bus stop, which was a request stop, where the bus wouldn’t stop unless passengers wanted to get on or off. No one else was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived.

Generally in this situation, because I hated showing I was blind by asking for help, I tried to guess at the sound. Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away. In the end, I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.

But on this particular evening no one joined me at the stop; it seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus. Of course I heard plenty of buses pass, or I thought I did.

But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself, I let them all go by. I stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one. Then I gave up. I decided to walk on to the next stop.

36. The girl refused to ask for help because she thought_________.

A. she might be recognized

B. asking for help looked silly

C. she was normal and independent

D. being found blind was embarrassing

37. After the girl got off the bus that evening, she_________.

A. began to run

B. hit a person as usual

C. hit a lamppost by accident

D. was caught by something

38. At the request stop that evening, the girl___________.

A. stopped a big lorry

B. stopped the wrong bus

C. made no attempt to stop the bus

D. was not noticed by other people

39. What was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a bus?

A. Other vehicles also stopped there.

B. It was unreliable for making judgments.

C. More lorries than buses responded to the girl.

D. It took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.

40. Finally the girl decided to walk to the next stop, hoping__________.

A. to find people there

B. to find more buses there

C. to find the bus by herself there

D. to find people more helpful there

36. D 细节理解题。由本文第一句(I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known.)可知。

37. C 细节理解题。由第二段前三句，特别是第三句(When it happened a third time, I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost)可知。

38. C 细节理解题。由题干中的that evening可知，问的是“那天晚上发生的事”，即信息点应在第2和4段，因为第3段是讲通常的情况而不是当晚，所以A和B两个选项就很容易排除了。根据第2段最后一句No one else was there可知，当晚只有她一个人在那等车，都没有人在身边，怎么可能被人注意到呢？据此可排除D；根据第4段中的But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself, I let them all go by. I stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one.可知，特别用的是过去完成时（had given up），可见她怕拦错车，出洋相，早就放弃努力自己拦车了，因此当晚她并没有努力去拦车，因此，选项C 正确。

39. B 推理判断题。由Sometimes I would stop a big lorry可知，靠声音来判断有时是靠不住的。

40. A 推理判断题。从I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself可知，她本人不想拦车了，又由managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help可知，她是决定找人帮忙了，而在本站没有人，去下一站当然就是希望在那里可以找到人帮忙。

2012年广东高考语文试题及答案解析

2012年广东高考语文试题及答案解析一、本大题4小题，每小题3分，共12分。 1．下列词语中加点的字，每对读音都不相同的一组是 A.桅杆/宫闱聒噪/恬静模具/模范 B.清雅/菁华旖旎/绮丽处所/惩处 C.歧视/跻身橄榄/鸟瞰角斗/角色 D.赝品/鹰犬殉情/徇私参谋/参差【答案】B 【解析】本题重点考察考生识记现代汉语普通话常用字字音的能力。A项wéi／wéi、guō／tián、mú／mó；B项qīng／jīng 、yī／qǐ、chù／chǔ；C项qí／jī、gǎn／kàn 、jüé／jüé；D 项yàn／yīng、xùn／xùn、cān／cēn。 2．下面语段中画线的词语，使用不恰当的一项是随着科学技术的进步，特别是最近400年的突飞猛进，大自然在一般人的心目中似乎已泾渭分明，不再神秘。人们不再敬畏自然，凭借手中的科学技术，肆意改变环境。人们渐生狂妄，争相掠夺自然、破坏自然，把一个本不算大的地球折腾个底朝天。人类在发展中堕落，在违背自然中自掘坟墓。忤逆自然的人类将无法在大自然里颐养天年。 A．泾渭分明B．肆意C．忤逆D．颐养天年【答案】A 3．下列句子中，没有语病的一项是 A．中国科学院最近研究发现，喜马拉雅山冰川退缩，湖泊的面积扩张，冰湖溃决危险性增大，引起了研究者的广泛关注。 B．长江中的江豚被誉为“水中大熊猫”，是国家二级保护动物，也是《华盛顿公约》确定的全球濒危物种之一，再不加以保护，15年后将会灭绝。 C．专家认为，我国人均饮茶量每天不足10克，加之大部分农药不溶于水，茶叶中即使有少量的农药残留，泡出的茶汤中也会农药含量极低，对人体健康影响不大。 D．今年广东天气形势复杂，西江、北江可能出现五年一遇的洪水；省政府要求各地要立足防大汛、抢大险、抗大旱，做到排查在前、排险在前、预警在前，确保群众的生命财产安全。【答案】B 【解析】本题重点考察考生正确辨析病句的能力。A项句式杂糅，研究发现的是后文的三种情况，而“引起广泛关注”的主语是前文的中的三种情况，此“三种情况”既已经作为“研究发现”的宾语，则不可再作引起的主语，可去掉最后一句；C项关联词语使用不当，本句主语为“茶汤”，前一个分句的主语是“茶叶”，将“即使”调至“茶叶”的前面，使之成为让步状语；D项逻辑顺序错误，“排查在前、排险在前、预警在前”应该改为“预警在前、排查在前、排险在前”。 4．把下列句子组成语意连贯的语段，排序最恰当的一项是 ①艺术家富于感情，单凭直觉思维；他恍然大悟，无须推理。 ②这种看法未免失之武断，甚至是错误的。 ③真正的科学家，既有推理能力，也有相当的想象力，有时还会越过复杂的推理而直接得到答案；否则，他的科学研究也会受到影响。 ④人们习惯于把艺术和科学说成是毫无内在联系的完全不同的东西。 ⑤真正的艺术家，既有想象力，也有相当的推理能力，并且深知自己的作为；否则，他的艺术创作会受到影响。 ⑥科学家相当冷静，光靠理性思维；他循序论证，无须想象。

江苏高考英语试卷及答案

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2012年全国高考英语试题及答案-全国卷(word版)

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