非限定性动词
高二英语如何掌握非限定性动词
Why not ask Susan to help you?
2.当介词 except、but 前有 do、did、does 时， 其后的不定式不带 to。 Can't you do anything but ask silly questions?（有 do，无 to） 试比较：There's nothing to do but wait.
2.当主语是分词的动作执行者时，用现在分词；若是承受者时，则是过去分词。 Sitting here, I can see the hills. Seen from here, the tower is tall. 3.分词作表语时，表示特性用现在分词，表示状态用过去分词。 The news was surprising. We were surprised at the news. 4.“名词（代词的宾格）＋分词”称作“独立主格结构”，其作用相当于状语从句。 It being Sunday, the library was closed.（相当于 As it wasSunday......） 八.非限定动词的用法辨析 1.当宾语是补足语的行为执行者时，强调动作已完成不定式，强调动作在进行或将出现用现在 分词；若是 承受者时，则用过去分词。 We saw him leave the house.（已走出） She noticed him waiting there.（正在等） He had me swimming in a week.（去游泳） I heard her praised then.（受表扬） 2.有些动词的空语要用动名词，宾语补足语却要不定式。 如 admit、advise、allow、authorize、 encourage 、 forbid 、 perm learn twice.(To do...is to do...) Teaching is learning twice.(Doing...is doing...) I prefer driving to travelling by train.(prefer doing...to doing...) I prefer to drive rather than travel by train.(prefer todo...than do...) I would prefer to drive there.(would prefer to do...) I used to live alone.（sb. used to do...某人过去常常...） The cloth is used to clean the desk.（被动语态） She is used to driving on the left.（used 可换成 accustomed 习惯于...）
非限定性动词专题
I 非限定性动词(infinitive, -ing participle, -ed participle)一、不定式和动词-ing形式都可以直接放在句首作主语，也都适用于It 句型，区别在于适用于不同的句型：a. 不定式适用的句型为：It is n. to do: It is my dream to become a super star in the future.It takes sb. some time to do sth.: It took me three hours to fly back to my home town.It is adj. for sb. to do sth: It is important for you to make a good preparation for the coming test.It is adj. of sb. to do sth: It is very kind of you to help us solve the problem.b. 动词-ing形式适用的句型为：It is no use/ no good/ no fun/ a great pleasure/ a waste of time/ a bore, etc + doing sth:It is no use cring over the spilt milk.It is expensive/ good/ interesting/ nice/ pointless/ useless/ worthwhile, etc + doing sth.It is useless asking him for help.There is no doing: There is no saying (telling) what may happen next.含义上的不同：Compare: Smoking is prohibited here. / It is not good for you to smoke so much.To spend my summer vacation in Florida is my biggest dream these days. /Spending the summer vacation in Florida is quite a funny thing.二、通常情况下，动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式在句中可充当状语，分句的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。
英语中动词的非限定形式
一、非限定动词的基本概念1．非限定动词的种类、意义和特征非限定动词有三种：不定式（to Do或do）、动名词（doing）和分词（现在分词doing和过去分词done）。
1）非限定动词与限定动词（谓语动词）的基本区别限定动词在句中可以单独作谓语动词，其形式要与句子的主语的人称和数取得一致。
而非限定动词在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。
①He likes to sing．他喜欢唱歌。
②They like to sing．他们喜欢唱歌。
（限定动词like受主语人称和数的限制，第一句为likes，第二句为like。
非限定动词to sing 则不受这种限制，它的形式不随主语而改变。
）③The man walking in front was carrying a red flag．在前面的人打着一面红旗。
④The men walking in front were carrying red flags．在前面的人们打着红旗。
（限定词be受主语的人称和数的限制，它的形式须与主语一致。
第一句为was，第二句为were。
非限定动词walking则不受主语的限制，它的形式不随主语而改变。
）2）非限定动词短语及其复合结构非限定动词属于动词的一种形式，因此还保留着动词的某些特征：及物动词要有宾语，连系动词要有表语，可以有状语来修饰，而且有时态和语态的变化。
①He promised to Do it tonight．他答应今天晚上做。
（非谓语动词to Do 的动词性质表现在它有宾语it和状语tonisht。
）②I am sorry to have Disturbed you．我打扰了你，对不起。
（to have Disturbed是动词不定式to Disturb的完成式，说明非限定动词有时态上的变化。
）③I saw a girl Drawing a picture in the house．我看见一个女孩在那所房子里画画。
现代英语语法非限定性动词 (2018年1月17日)
第二节 非限定动词
(Non(Non-finite Verb)
• 定义： 定义： • 非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)是动词的非谓 非限定动词 是动词的非谓 语形式 • 它们不可以在句中单独作谓语，并且不受 它们不可以在句中单独作谓语， 主语的人称和数的限制
• • • •
种类： 种类： 不定式(Infinitive) 不定式 动名词(Gerund) 动名词 分词（ 分词（Participle） ）
• 3) try, remember, forget, propose, regret, stop, go on等后面接动名词或不定 等后面接动名词或不定 式时，意义差别明显。 式时，意义差别明显。如: • I remember reading the earthquake in the paper. 我记得我在报纸上读过有关这 次地震的报道。 次地震的报道。 • I’11 remember to phone him. 我会记得给 他打电话
• 4) 动词 动词need, require, want作“需要”解 作 需要” 时 ， 宾语要求用动名词的主动语或不定式 的被动语态。 还有， 动词deserve（ 理应 的被动语态 。 还有 ， 动词 （ 理应/ 活该受到）的用法也一样。 活该受到）的用法也一样。如： • All the rooms here are dirty. They need cleaning/to be cleaned这儿所有的房间都 这儿所有的房间都 脏了，得把它们打扫干净。 脏了，得把它们打扫干净。
• 1) like, date, prefer等词后，若表示一般倾 等词后， 等词后 多用动名词； 向 ， 多用动名词 ； 若表示特定的具体的行 多用不定式。 为，多用不定式。如: • would you like to come with me or would you prefer to stay here?
非限定动词
2）先于主动词 分词作时间状语，若先于主动词的动作且强调先后，要用having done。 例如: Having finished his homework, he went out. =As he had finished his homework, he went out. 做完作业后，他出去了。
非限定动词
概念: 非限定性动词是动词的非谓语形式,非限定性动词与限定性动词不同, 限定性动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制.而非限定性动词在句 中不可单独做谓语，在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分。非限定性动词 分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1）不定式 一般式 完成式 2）动名词 一般式 完成式 3）分词 一般式 完成式 主动 doing having done 被动 being done having been done not + 动名词， not + 现在分词 主动 doing having done 被动 being done having been done 主动 to do to have done 被动 to be done to have been done
动名词
动名词作主语、宾语和表语 1 作主语 Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2 作宾语 a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 (V. + doing sth)
admit 承认 complete 完成 detest 讨厌 prevent阻止 mind 介意 recall 回忆 risk 冒险 stand 忍受
3
作表语 Her job isห้องสมุดไป่ตู้washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.
非限定动词汇总
10．1．1 非限定动词的含义和种类1）非限定动词（non-finite verb）作为动词的非谓语形式，不受主语的人称和数的限制，不能在句中做谓语，这是非限定动词与限定动词（谓语动词）的主要区别。
2）非限定动词没有语法上的主语，但往往有逻辑上的主语。
例 1 Experts hope to find a solution to the problem.专家们希望能找到解决这一问题的方法。
（不定式to find…的逻辑主语是句子主语experts。
）例 2 It would be difficult for the youth to understand this.要让年轻人理解这一点是会很难的。
（不定式的逻辑主语是theyouth）3）非限定动词有三种，即不定式（infinitive），动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）。
分词又有现在分词（present participle）和过去分词（past participle）两种。
10．1．2 非限定动词的性质非限定动词具有双重性质，即动词性质和非动词性质。
1）限定动词的动词性质表现在：非限定动词有时态和语态变化，有肯定与否定形式，可被状语修饰，可带宾语等。
2）非限定动词的非动词性质表现在：不定式和动名词具有名词性质，而分词具有形容词性质。
10．1．3 非限定动词的语法作用由于不定式和动名词具有名词性质，因此可在句中做主语、表语、定语、宾语和补语；另外不定式和介词+ 动名词还可做状语。
而由于分词具有形容词性质，因此可在句中做表语、定语、状语和补语，但不能做主语和宾语。
10．1．4 非限定动词短语及其复合结构由于非限定动词具有动词性质，因此可与表语、宾语、状语等修饰语连用，构成非限定动词短语，即不定式短语，动名词短语和分词短语。
非限定动词短语的逻辑主语可以是句子中的某一成分（如主语或宾语等），如10．1．1中的例1；而其本身也可以带逻辑主语，构成非限定动词复合结构，如10．1．1中的例2。
非限定动词
非限定动词非限定动词又叫做非谓语动词，不受主语的人称和数的限制，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独做谓语。
非限定动词有三种形式：不定式infinitive、动名词、分词participle。
非限定动词具有动词、名词、形容词和副词的某些特征。
To swim in this river is dangerous.Swimming in river is dangerous.To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.Doing is better than thinking.Lying is wrong.To read more words is necessary.It is no easy job to master a foreign language.It is necessary to remember to swithch off the light.在用it代替动名词作主语的句子中，作表语的词类通常有所限制，常常是下列词或词组：No good no use waste fun nuisance dangerous foolish interesting senseless worthwhile useless better hard niceLearning without practice is no good.It is no good learning without practice.It is a waste of time doing it.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is not fun being an actor.It is foolish behaving like that.疑问词when、where、how、what、which 等+不定式作主语时，不定式不能换成动名词。
What to do next is unknown.Where to make this experiment has not been discussed..I don’t know What to do next. 疑问词+不定式做宾语Eg.1.it’s no use ____ (go) there today.2.In a shop _____ customers.A it is important to pleaseB it is important pleasingC there is important pleasingD there is important to please3. how exciting it was _____ (listen) to the story of his adventures!4. He said how _____(answer) the question is unknown to him.5. It is our policy ___ to the outside world.A. being open upB. open upC. to open upD. to be opened upNo smoking!No parking!No spitting!The present situation is encouraging.The phenomenon is interesting.Five pages are missing.The film we saw last night is quite moving.Our main task is building our country into a modern powerful socialist one.One common way to get heat is burning fuels.If an explanation is confusing, you get confuesed.This book is interesting.I feel tired.只要求以动词不定式做宾语的常用动词：答保要打假希期（14）Promise consent guarantee pledge demand ask aim mean pretend profess wish hope expect desire设宣申负愿花力（7）Manage swear apply undertake care can afford endeavor提安同学准声敢（7）Offer arrange agree learn prepare claim dare偏威三决拒恳企（8）choose threaten determine decide resolve refuse beg seek只允许以动名词做宾语的常用动词：二允承忍不想包（12）Allow permit acknowledge admit resist endure detest dislike imagine fancy include involve建原乘三加二逃（8）Advise suggest recommend excuse pardon forgive escape evade 考避介欣练三推（8）Consider avoid mind enjoy practice defer delay postpone禁怨错打完成否（6）Forbid resent miss contemplate finish deny停提连报不禁赞（6）Stop mention keep report can’t help favor不容回忆促感冒（5）Can’t stand recollect facilitate appreciate riskShe promised to attend this meeting.Thay pledged to finish the task in time.He asked to speak to her.I hope to see you soon.Would you like to come and have a chat with me.You must endeavor to do better.She offered to help me to study English.I have arranged to see him tomorrow morning.We do not allow smoking in the classroom.He dislikes seeing her again.I suggest delaying the meeting.We first practice writing sentence.We must try to avoid repeating the errors.Would you mind opening the window?She could n’t stand having nothing to do.既可以用不定式做宾语，又可以用动名词做宾语的动词：Begin start continue cease can’t bear hate like love prefer propose understandWill you start to learn\learning?常要求以疑问词when where how whom what which whether+不定式作宾语的动词：记住忘记两明白（4）Remember forget see understand查明想知两认为（5）Find out wonder know consider think告诉说明两决定（4）Tell show decide settle讨论解释有学问（4）Discuss explain learn askDid you see him go out?要用不带to的不定式作宾补的动词：两听四使四个看注意感觉在后边知帮发现有特殊宾补to be, to不删Hear listen to have make let see watch look at observe notice feel know help findI heard her sing this song.Did you notice anyone go out?He observed someone open the door.He felt them to be right.能用带to的不定式作宾补的动词：Leave cause get set force oblige 强迫drive迫使advise press敦促劝说persuade说服ask tell intend want beg expect request allow permit urge激励encourage order warn teach forbid禁止wishFind believe understand declare know consider think feel suppose judge imagine prove love like hate preferThey find the Chinese people (to be) happy.I hate you to do that.I learn to drive a car.He teaches me to drive a car.Why did you advise him to do that?Tell them not to wait any longer.Leave him to do it himself.I saw him go upstairs.I saw him going upstairs.We found him changed.You have to have your hair cut.I will have a new suit made.作定语的区别：I found an opportunity to go there.I found an opportunity of going there.What is the best way to learn English?Building materialsThe changing worldThe changed worldThe burning logThe burned logThe solution adoptedAn adopted childThe method usedThe used booksA sleeping car a sleeping childA dancing room a dancing girl不定式与分词作状语：She wept to hear the news.He dropped the plate, breaking it into pieces.The bed is too small to sleep in.He wrote so carefully as to make every word clear. Heated, metal expands.。
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非限定性动词
基本内容
英语动词有限定（finite）和非限定（non-finite） 两类。 句子中的谓语动词（predicative verb）是限 定的；限定动词受人称（person）和数目（number ）的限制。此外，还有时态（tense ）、语态 （voice）和情态（mood）等。例如： ① Good leaders serve the people wholeheartedly. ② Jason is giving a public lecture. ③ Who did it? ④ I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour.
三 当宾语 不定式动词和动名词都可充当及 物动词的宾语。例如： ● The baby wanted to drink milk. ● Janet suddenly stopped talking. 它们 也可以成为介词的宾语，但除了“except, but, about, than”之外，介词的宾语多数是 动名词。 例如： I am tired of repeating the same point. Most of us desired nothing except to succeed. Betty did nothing useful but talk（不 带”to”）。 That weak old man is about to die.
非限定动词及其短语，语法功能庞大，涉及下列五 方面： 一. 当主语 不定式动词和动名词都可当句子 的主语，取代名词和代名词。例如： ⑨ To swim in a warm day is joyful. ⑩ Swimming makes us hale and hearty. 二. 当补足语 可当主语的句子成分也可当补足语。 例如： ● A good government's desire is serving the people. ● What is difficult is to hoodwink the public indefinitely. 同样的，现在分词与过去分词也可充当接系动词 （the linking verb）的补足语。例如： ● The witness's evidence is quite convincing. ● At long last, John was fully convinced.
五 当动词修饰语 Walking along the road, he came across a friend.（现在分词短语） Extremely frightened, the picnickers fled.（过去分词短语） The athlete stopped to take a rest?（ 不定式动词短语） Peter came running.（动名词）
在句子中可以施展其他功能的动词是非限定动 词；这些动词具有一般动词的许多特性，但没 有“人称”和“数目”的限制。 非限定动词 分三种：不定式动词（the infinitive）; 分词 （ the participle）; 动名词（the gerund）; 分 词又分现在分词（ the present participle）和 过去分词（the past participle）。 例如： ⑤ Tom found the prescribed text hard to read. ⑥ Helen has a smiling face. ⑦ Your written English is good. ⑧ Smoking is harmful to health. ⑤里的是 不定式动词；⑥里的是现在分词；⑦里的是过 去分词； ⑧里的是动名词。