自考英语(一)课堂笔记完整版(4)
自考“英语(一)”课堂听课笔记第五章(4)
自考“英语（一）”课堂听课笔记第五章（4）本课主要句型宾语从句1. Many people believe that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.2. They thought eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer.3. Some savage tribes believe that eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave.表语从句1. One idea was that fish is the best brain food.2. Another idea is that you should not drink water with meals.3. The reason was that the acid in the orange juice would make the milk curdle and become indigestible.4. A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream …for a poisonous combination.5. Still another idea is that proteins and carbohydrates should never be eaten at the same meal.感叹句1. How surprised that people…would be ….形容词，副词的比力级和最高级1. They thought eating deer would make them run as fast as deer.2. Man-eating may have started because people were eager to become as strong and brave as their enemies.3. One such idea is that fish is the best brain food.4. Fish is good brain food just as it is good muscle food and skin and bone food.5. But no one has been able to prove that fish is any better for the brain than many other kinds of food.6. It is just as foolish to say that one should never eat meat and potatoes together as it is to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk.Text B Do Animals Think?短语表达1. a great dealThere is a great deal of concern about energy shortage.We learned a great deal from her.2. be likeLook at the little boy, he is so much like his father.War is not like what he described in his novel.3. have time forI don’t know why he didn’t have time for breakfast.Don’t worry, we will have enoug h time for discussion.4. engage inHe is trying very hard to engage the woman in further conversation.It is not appropriate for a former president to engage in commerce.5. take care ofThe old people are well taken care of in the nursing homes.She took care of her little brother while mother was away.6. in some / many respectsin one / this respectHe is different from the people around him in many respects.We are lagging behind at least in one respect.7. exceptI knew nothing about Jane except what I had heard at the party.There was nothing we could do except wait and pray.All the boys except Tom went camping last week.In the evening she never went anywhere except to the nearest coffee house.8. connect withThere is no evidence to connect the young man with the theft.Good health is connected with diet.There are serious questions connected with the radioactive waste disposal (放射性废料的处理).9. make improvement inThe company made great improvement in the wages and working conditions of the employees.Animals do not make any real improvement in their ways of doing things.10. by instinctShe knew by instinct that he wouldn’t be back.Birds build their nests by instinct.11. speak ofProfessor Blackwell always speaks highly of his assistant.Did he speak of the serious earthquake that struck Taiwan last week?12. let out”Let me out,” the boy shouted,but nobody came.The prisoners were let out of their cells.13. as ifHe looked at me as if I were mad.She opened her eyes as if conscious of my gaze.He works so hard as if he never knew fatigue.14. have one’s wits about one〔机警，保持警觉〕In this part of the city you have to have your wits about you all the time.He felt it unnecessary to have his wits about him on such a friendly occasion.15. a variety ofDon’t bother him, he has a variety of duties to perform.The college library has a wide variety of books.16. difference betweenWill you please tell me the difference between the two countries?I cannot see any difference between the two oil paintings.。
2021年10月自学考试英语(一)串讲笔记(unit24)(4)
2021年10月自学考试英语(一)串讲笔记(unit24)（4）译：面对着这些事实，这些国家还在继续毁灭他们的热带雨林，简直令人觉得他们太麻木不仁了。
Destroy v. 消灭，摧毁/damage v./n. 损害，伤害/ruin v./n. 毁灭However，the problem is not so simple. The countries in which the rainforests are located are all quite poor and overpopulated. One of them，Brazil，has a population of 140 million，about half of whom are living in absolute poverty.译：但是，这个问题并不简单。
拥有热带雨林的那些国家都相当贫穷并且人口过剩。
热带雨林国家之一，巴西，有一亿四千万人。
其中约有半数人生活在绝对贫困傍边。
The governments in these countries are usually also too weak to stop large companies and powerful individuals from destroying the rainforests. They have no money，so when the poor whom they cannot feed find work cutting down trees or burning forestland，the governments often have no choice but to turn a blind eye.the +a.：表示一类人have no choice but to do：没有办法，只能…译：这些国家的政府通常也都十分薄弱虚弱，以致不能阻止一些大公司或有权有势的人毁坏热带雨林。
自考“英语(一)”课堂听课笔记第六章(2)
自考“英语（一）”课堂听课笔记第六章（2）〔人脑的奇特构造吸引了许多领域的研究人员。
〕13. pipe n. 管子，导管；烟斗v.用管道输送Tell the pipelayer that he has to be careful with the gas pipe.〔告诉管道安装工煤气管道要小心。
〕The old man was sitting in the corner smoking a pipe.〔阿谁白叟坐在角落里抽着烟斗。
〕It won’t be ver y troublesome to pipe water into the house.〔用管道把水送进屋里不会很麻烦。
〕14. somewhat adv. 稍微，有点It is somewhat difficult for him to answer the question.（要他回答这个问题有点难。
）I felt somewhat awkward when I couldn’t remember his name.〔当我记不起他的名字时，我有点尴尬。
〕The working conditions in this factory have somewhat improved.〔这家工厂的工作条件已有所改善。
〕15. blast n. 疾风，强风；爆炸v.炸，炸掉A blast of cold air sent a shiver all over his body.〔一股冷气使他浑身战栗。
〕Furious blasts of thunder frightened everybody.〔一阵阵的霹雳炸雷吓坏了所有的人。
〕The driver blasted the horn continuously.〔司机不断地按喇叭。
〕Rock music blasted from the hall and the whole building seemed to be shaking.〔震天的摇滚乐从客厅传来，整座房子似乎都在摇动。
自考“英语(一)”课堂听课笔记第十四章(4)
自考“英语（一）”课堂听课笔记第十四章（4）10. Being polite and showing respect can give us an edge.Edge在本句中的意思是”优势”（advantage），如：1）The edge was with our team. (优势在我们队这边。
)2）Since he obtained the edge, he was sure to win. (既然他取得了优势，他必然会赢。
) 3）have an edge over sb. (胜过某人)4）maintain a nuclear edge (保持核优势)本课主要词组1. think of2. be impressed by3. fall asleep4. a trip to5. interact with6. a majority of7. show respect for8. as well9. be aware of10. listen to11. have no idea12. pay the price13. sooner or later14. be close to15. because of16. get ahead 17. give sb. an edge18. be based onText B Why we walk in circles短语表达1．rather thanHe came all the way to China for promoting friendship rather than for making money.He was reading a book rather than watching TV.2．somewhatHe felt somewhat tired.This book is somewhat difficult to understand.3．instead ofInstead of pushing and crowding, he waited quietly for his turn.He gave us a lot of trouble instead of help.4．go astrayThe letter had gone astray.Make sure that no sheep go astray.5．keep fromThe poor child was kept from seeing his mother.The bad weather kept us from getting there as scheduled.6．cut offCut me off if I talk too much.Gas supplies had now been cut off.7．be worthThis book is worth reading.This problem is worth following up.8．reach one’s goalYou have to work hard to reach your goal.9. such asMany stories such as these will prove instructive to the children. 10．intend toHe intended to give us an explanation, but he didn’t.I didn’t intend to hurt you.11．no more…thanHe is no more a teacher than a writer.We are no more satisfied than you are.12．让步状语从句的倒装Young as he is, he holds an important position in the company. Smart as they are, they are always modest.Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 13．独立结构：with ＋名词＋过去分词With many eyes fixed on her, she felt very nervous.With all the work completed, we felt greatly relieved.With all his savings gone, he had to find a job now.。
自考“英语(一)”课堂听课笔记第二章(5)
自考“英语（一）”课堂听课笔记第二章（5）Text B Advertising短语表达1. attract attention吸引注意He talked loudly to attract attention.（他大声说话以吸引注意。
）2. for the most part在很大程度上，多半These cars, for the most part, are made in China.（这些汽车多半产于中国。
）3. persuade sb. to do sth.劝某人做某事be persuaded to do sth.被劝说做某事The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking.（医生劝我父亲戒烟。
）The young man was persuaded to take up that job.（阿谁年轻人被劝说接受那份工作。
）4. a large amount of一大笔He borrowed a large amount of money from the bank.（他向银行借了一大笔钱。
）5. put out发布，公布；出版；广播The article was put out in a national magazine to reach a larger audience.（为了能影响更多的读者，文章被登发在一份国家级杂志上。
）This newspaper is put out every day.（这份报纸每天出版。
）The weather forecast has just put out a storm.（天气预报刚刚发出了暴风警报。
）6. be characteristic of为…所特有，是…的特征Rainy days are characteristic of March.（多雨的日子为三月所特有。
）7. catch the eye引人注目The beautiful blue dress in the window caught her eye when she passed the store.（她经过那家商店时，橱窗里标致的兰色连衣裙吸引了她。
自考英语专业综合英语笔记上册（第一课）
自考英语专业综合英语笔记上册（第一课）自考英语专业综合英语笔记上册（第一课）The time message1.Time is tricky,It is difficult to control and easy to waste.When you look ahead,you think you have more time than you need.*sth.is+difficult/easy to do:表示某事难可容易....例：The book is diffiult to understand.这本书很难看懂。
*look ahead:一表示向前看，二表示展望未来。
2.For example, at the beginning of a semester,you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands. But toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out.You don't have enough time to cover all your duties,so you get worried.What is the answer?Control!*plenty of:大量*have time on one's hands:有许多时间*towards the end of...:即将结束时*run out of:用完3.Time is dangerouse.If yo u don’t control it,it will control you. If you don’t make it work for you,it will work against you.*If you don’t make it work for you...此处动词make的句型是make+宾语+不带to的不定式，表示“使...做某事”。
自考“英语(一)”课堂听课笔记第十一章(4)
自考“英语（一）”课堂听课笔记第十一章（4）4) I consider that one computer is not enough. (我估计一台电脑不够用。
Consider+a clause)在前一单元我们讲到过，reason后面可以跟for, 也可以跟why,只是在for后面必需用名词或名词短语，在why后面必需用句子。
请再看两个例句：1）Nobody knows the reason why he is so upset.（谁也不知道他为什么如此沮丧。
）2）The reason for his going to France was unknown.（无人知晓他去法国的原因。
）6. But beyond that, they are fun.beyond 是一个常用词，在本句中做介词用，意思是”除…以外”，相当于besides，多用于否定句和疑问句中，如：1) I know nothing of it beyond what you told me.（除了你告诉我的以外，别的我都不知道。
）2) Beyond that, there is nothing more I can say.（除了阿谁，我再也没什么可说的了。
）3) He owns nothing beyond the shabby house.（除了阿谁破旧的房子，他一无所有。
）beyond做介词用时，还有”在…的那边；迟于；超出”等意思，如：1）What lies beyond the mountain?（山那边有什么？）2）Don’t stay there beyond midnight.（别在那儿待到半夜后）3）What he said is beyond my understanding.（他说的话我不懂）4）How he managed to find us is beyond me.（我不清楚他是如何设法找到我们的。
自考“英语(一)”课堂听课笔记第十九章(4)
自考“英语（一）”课堂听课笔记第十九章（4）2) His efforts were rewarded by success.（他的努力获得了成功。
）choose后面接不定式，表示”选定，愿意”，如：1）He chose to stay there for another week. （他决意在那儿再住一周。
）2）I chose to say nothing about it.（我决意对那件事闭口不谈。
）在名词threat后面用介词to，表示”对…的威胁”。
如：The clearance of vegetation will be a great threat to the wildlife.（把植被砍伐殆尽对野生动物将是极大的威胁。
）8. And animals are sometimes killed out of a wish to reduce numbers to help the species to survive.out of 在本句中以及前一个几句子中的意思是”出于”，如：1）He was silent out of embarrassment.（他由于窘迫而沉默。
）2）She opened the mail out of curiosity. （她出于好奇打开了邮件。
）句子中前一个动词不定式to reduce number…在句子中作定语，修饰名词wish。
如：1) They failed in their attempt to land on the island.（他们在岛上登陆的企图失败了。
）2) I have no confidence in my ability to fulfil the task.（我对本身完成这项任务的能力没有信心。
）句子中的第二个动词不定式to help the species to survive做目的状语，相当于so as to或in order to help the species…。
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自考英语（一）课堂笔记完整版（4）Unit2（第4讲—第6讲）be sure of的意思是“对……确信无疑”，例如：─ Is he going to call us at 9：00？（他会在九点给我们打电话吗？）─ Yes，I am sure of it. （是的，我肯定。
）翻译下面的句子，掌握sure的用法：1）I am sure of his sincerity. （我确信他的诚意。
）2）You are sure of a warm welcome.（你肯定会受到热烈的欢迎。
）3）I don't know for sure whether he will come or not.（我不很确切地知道他是否会来。
）4）Make sure that you turn off the light when you leave.（确保在你离开时把灯关掉。
）5）Be sure not to forget what your parents said to you.（千万别忘了父母对你说的话。
）2. Americans don't have a corner on the “death” market，but many people feel that the United States leads the world with the worst taxes.have a corner的意思是“垄断”，例如：have a corner on the cotton market （垄断棉花市场）；have a corner on the black vote（垄断黑人选票）。
有时也会见到以in 代替on的用法：have a corner in bankinglead在句中的意思是“走在…前列”，“在……领先”，“胜过”。
请翻译下面的句子：1）He leads his class in English.（他在班上英语学的最好。
）2）He led the broad jump with a leap of 26 feet.（他以26 英尺的成绩在跳远中领先。
）3）Pollution still leads the list of major problems in that country.（污染仍然是那个国家的头号严重问题。
）3. Taxes consist of money which people pay to support their government.句中which 引导的定语从句修饰the money.请翻译下面的句子：1）This is the book that I just borrowed from the library.（这是我刚刚从图书馆借的书。
）2）He put the money that his mother gave him in a safe place.（他把妈妈给他的钱放在一个安全的地方。
）3）I don't remember where I put the CD that I bought yesterday. （我记不得把昨天买的CD放在哪儿了。
）consist of的意思是“由……构成”，它与make up of ，compose of 的区别在于：consist of 不可用被动语态，而make up of和compose of 可以用被动语态。
例如：1）The house consists of 6 rooms.2）The medical team is made up of three doctors and a nurse.3）The book is composed of 25 units.4. Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government.句中who引导的定语从句修饰people.请翻译下面的句子：/1）The girl who helped me with my English is our monitor.（帮助我学外语的那个女孩是我们班长。
）2）The man who knocked at the door just now is my next-door neighbor.（刚才敲门的那个人是我的隔壁邻居。
）3）The boy who was shot to death by his classmate was only 8.（被同学开枪打死的那个男孩才八岁。
）在单词部分我们已经对percentage和percent的区别有所了解，现在我们再来翻译几个句子：1）税率从百分之十四到百分之七十不等。
（The percentage of the tax varies from 14% to 70%.）2）学生的及格率达到了百分之九十五。
（The percentage of students who passed the exam reached 95%.）3）工业产量上涨了百分之十四。
（The industrial output increased by 14%.）5. It depends on their salaries.depend on在句中的意思是“视……而定”。
除此以外，还可表示“依靠”：“信赖”等。
请翻译下面的句子：1）成功与否得看你的能力和努力。
（Success depends on your ability and efforts.）2）Whether we can go outing depends on tomorrow's weather. （我们能否去郊游取决于明天的天气。
）3）The old man depends on the government pension for a living.（那位老人靠政府的养老金生活。
）4）他总是依赖姐姐给他做作业。
（He always depends on his sister to do his homework.）5）He is not to be depended on.（他不可信赖。
）6. With the high cost of taxes，people are not very happy on April 15，when the federal taxes are due.介词with在句中的意思是“由于，因为”。
例如：With their support，we fulfilled our task ahead of time.（由于他们的帮助，我们提前完成了任务。
）如果仅仅有月份，没有具体的日期，月份前用介词in ，如果有具体的日期则用介词on ，例如：1）He was born in May.2）He was born on May 23.句中due的意思是“到期”，例如：The books are due，I have to return them to the library. （书到期了，我得去图书馆还书。
）请翻译下面的句子，注意due在不同语境下的其他意思：1）The train is due to arrive at 8：00.（火车定于八点钟到达。
）2）The baby is due in the middle of October.（婴儿的预产期为十月中旬。
）3）Due attention should be paid to this work.（应该给这项工作以适当的关注。
）4）Old people expect to be treated with the respect due to their age.（老人们期望受到他们这个年龄的人应得的尊敬。
）5）His death was due to heart attack.（他的死是由心脏病引起的。
）7. Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government.句中的that用来代替the加前述名词tax，以免重复。
请翻译下面的句子：1）南京的天气比青岛的天气热。
（The weather of Nanjing is hotter than that of Qingdao.）2）黄金的价格比白银的价格要高。
（The price of gold is higher than that of silver.）8. Other states have a sales tax，which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state.句中前一个which 引导的是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰sales tax.非限定性定语从句通常在句中起进一步说明作用，既可修饰先行词也可修饰整个句子。
如果省去，原句意义不受影响。
非限定性定语从句有逗号与主句隔开；关系代词不可用that，而用who，whom，whose来修饰人，用which来修饰物，并且不能省略。
请翻译下面的句子：1）The sun warms the earth，which makes it possible for plants and animals to live.（太阳温暖了大地，这才使动植物有可能生长。
）2）He failed the exam，which made him very disappointed.（他考试没及格，这使他非常失望。
）3）He has a son，who is doing his PH.D in the United States.（他有一个儿子，在美国读博士学位。
）句中后一个which引导的是一个限定性定语从句，修饰any item.但是传统语法中通常有这样的规定：当先行词是all，everything，something，nothing等不定代词，或被first，only，few，much，some，any，no以及形容词最高级等词修饰时，应该用关系代词that，不用which.例如：I am interested in all that you told me.9. The cities use these funds for education，police and fire department，public works and municipal buildings.work 用作单数时，通常指工作，例如：I have a lot of work to do this afternoon.用作复数时，works则指1）著作：The Complete Works of Mao Zetong（《毛泽东全集》）2）工程：public works（公共建筑工程，市政工程）10. They say that it spends too much on useless and impractical programs.spend too much （money）on sth的意思是“把太多的钱花在……”，例如：He would spend some money on books every month……（他每个月都花一些钱买书。