高分子材料工程专业英语.pdf

合集下载

高分子材料工程专业英语II.pdf

Unit 30: Synthetic Rubber (3rd-4th paragraph)
Two important developemnts occurred in the U. S. A. in the years immediately following World War I. The first was …. The second… Unitil comparatively recently, emulsion polymerisation has been the principal process for producing synthetic rubbers from their monomers… It is the presence of this chlorine atom in each repeat unit of the rubber molecule which gives the product its unusual properties, such as moderate resistance to swelling in hydrocarbon oils and resistance to deterioration by heat and ozone. …
Z. B. Guan, et al., Nat. Chem. 2012, DOI: 10.1038/NCHEM.1314
K. Matyjaszewski and N. V. Tsarevsky, Nat. Chem. 2009, 1, 276-289.
Writing Practice 1. rubbery… could…into .. converted..solid ..be…a …isoprene
丁纳橡胶这个词作为德国在那时及其以后生产的的合成橡胶的通用名就是源于这一个事实。

高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了教学提纲

A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物？What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。

(完整版)史上最全——高分子材料与工程专业英语词汇大全

高分子材料与工程专业词汇大全（包含：一高分子化学二高分子反应三高分子物理四高分子加工技术和应用四大部分的全部词汇~~）一高分子化学coiling type polymer二高分子反应齐聚反应(曾用名)22 调聚反应telomerization23 自发聚合spontaneous polymerization24 预聚合prepolymerization25 后聚合post polymerization26 再聚合repolymerization27 铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28 链［式］聚合chain polymerization29 烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30 双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization31 加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32自由基聚合，游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP34 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35 原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP36 反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，RATRP37可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT38 氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39 稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP40 自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization41 自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42 氧化还原聚合redox polymerization43 无活性端聚合，dead end polymerization死端聚合(曾用名)44 光［致］聚合photo polymerization45 光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46 光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47 四中心聚合four center polymerization48 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49 辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50 热聚合thermal polymerization51 电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52 等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53 易位聚合metathesis polymerization54 开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP55 精密聚合precision polymerization56 环化聚合cyclopolymerization57 拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58 平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59 离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60 辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61 离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63 碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65 假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization66 活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68 碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69 活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70 负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71 负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization72 负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization73 烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74 活［性］聚合living polymerization75 两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76 齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77 配位聚合coordination polymerization78 配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79 配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80 配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization81 插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84 全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85 不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87 不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization88 对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89 对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91 氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92 基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP93 消除聚合elimination polymerization94 模板聚合matrix polymerization,templatepolymerization95 插层聚合intercalation polymerization96 无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97 开环聚合ring opening polymerization98 活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization99 不死的聚合immortal polymerization100 酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization101聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合(曾用名)polyaddition102 偶联聚合coupling polymerization103 序列聚合sequential polymerization104 闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization105 氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106 氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization107 逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization108缩聚反应condensation polymerization，polycondensation109酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization,ester exchange polycondensation110 自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111 均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112 非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113 相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization114 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization115 固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,116gas phase polymerization117 吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118 溶液聚合solution polymerization119 沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120 淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121 悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122 反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization 123 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization 124 分散聚合dispersion polymerization125 反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126 种子聚合seeding polymerization127 乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128 无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130 微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131 连续聚合continuous polymerization132 半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133 分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization134 原位聚合in situ polymerization135 均相缩聚homopolycondensation136 活化缩聚activated polycondensation137 熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138 固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139 体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation140 界面聚合interfacial polymerization141 界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142 环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143 环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144 环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145 引发剂initiator146 引发剂活性activity of initiator147 聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148 自由基引发剂radical initiator149 偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator150 2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152 过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153 复合引发体系complex initiation system154 氧化还原引发剂redox initiator电荷转移复合物，charge transfer complex, CTC155电荷转移络合物156 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157 光敏引发剂photoinitiator158 双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator 159 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160 大分子引发剂macroinitiator161 引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer162 引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter 163 光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164 热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165 正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166 正离子引发剂cationic initiator167 负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168 共引发剂coinitiator169 烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170 负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171 烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173 过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst 174 双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175 后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst 176 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst 177 ［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178 甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst180 双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst 181 桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst183 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184 链引发chain initiation185 热引发thermal initiation186 染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation187 电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188 诱导期induction period189 引发剂效率initiator efficiency190 诱导分解induced decomposition191 再引发reinitiation192 链增长chain growth, chain propagation193 增长链端propagating chain end194 活性种reactive species195 活性中心active center196 持续自由基persistent radical197 聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198 链终止chain termination199 双分子终止bimolecular termination200 初级自由基终止primary radical termination201 扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202 歧化终止disproportionation termination203 偶合终止coupling termination204 单分子终止unimolecular termination205 自发终止spontaneous termination206 终止剂terminator207 链终止剂chain terminating agent208 假终止pseudotermination209 自发终止self termination210 自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211 旋转光闸法rotating sector method212 自由基寿命free radical lifetime213 凝胶效应gel effect214 自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215 链转移chain transfer216 链转移剂chain transfer agent217 尾咬转移backbitting transfer218 退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer219 加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220 链转移常数chain transfer constant①缓聚作用retardation221②延迟作用222 阻聚作用inhibition223 缓聚剂retarder224 缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225 阻聚剂inhibitor226 封端［反应］end capping227 端基terminal group228 聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229 聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics 230 聚合热heat of polymerization231 共聚合［反应］copolymerization232 二元共聚合binary copolymerization233 三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234 竞聚率reactivity ratio235 自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236 离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237 无规共聚合random copolymerization238 理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239 交替共聚合alternating copolymerization240 恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization241 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242 嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243 开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization244 共聚合方程copolymerization equation245 共缩聚copolycondensation246 逐步共聚合step copolymerization247 同种增长homopropagation248 自增长self propagation249 交叉增长cross propagation250 前末端基效应penultimate effect251 交叉终止cross termination252 Q值Q value253 e值e value254 Q,e概念Q, e scheme255 序列长度分布sequence length distribution 256 侧基反应reaction of pendant group257 扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258 交联crosslinking259 化学交联chemical crosslinking260 自交联self crosslinking261 光交联photocrosslinking262 交联度degree of crosslinking263 硫化vulcanization264 固化curing265 硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266 促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268 无规交联random crosslinking269 交联密度crosslinking density270 交联指数crosslinking index271 解聚depolymerization三高分子物理23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain54无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension55扰动尺寸perturbed dimension56热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere 57近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 58远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 59链间相互作用interchain interaction60链间距interchain spacing61长程有序long range order62近程有序short range order63回转半径radius of gyration64末端间矢量end-to-end vector65链末端chain end66末端距end-to-end distance67无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance68均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance 69伸直长度contour length70相关长度persistence length71主链；链骨架chain backbone72支链branch chain73链支化chain branching74短支链short-chain branch75长支链long-chain branch76支化系数branching index77支化密度branching density78支化度degree of branching79交联度degree of crosslinking80网络network81网络密度network density82溶胀swelling83平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling84分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly85自组装self assembly86微凝胶microgel87凝胶点gel point88可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel89溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation90临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC91组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositionalheterogenity92摩尔质量平均molar mass average 又称“分子量平均”93数均分子量number-average molecular weight,number-average molar mass94重均分子量weight-average molecular weight,weight-average molar mass95Z均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight,Z-molar mass96黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass97表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass98表观分子量apparent molecular weight99聚合度degree of polymerization100动力学链长kinetic chain length101单分散性monodispersity102临界分子量critical molecular weight103分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD104多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID105平均聚合度average degree of polymerization106质量分布函数mass distribution function107数量分布函数number distribution function108重量分布函数weight distribution function109舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution110最概然分布most probable distribution 曾用名“最可几分布”111对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 又称“对数正则分布”112聚合物溶液polymer solution113聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction114溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent115均方末端距mean square end to end distance116均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration117θ温度theta temperature118θ态theta state119θ溶剂theta solvent120良溶剂good solvent121不良溶剂poor solvent122位力系数Virial coefficient 曾用名“维里系数”123排除体积excluded volume124溶胀因子expansion factor125溶胀度degree of swelling126弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory127哈金斯公式Huggins equation128哈金斯系数Huggins coefficient129χ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter130溶度参数solubility parameter131摩擦系数frictional coefficient132流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere133流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume134珠-棒模型bead-rod model135球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model136流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence 137动态光散射dynamic light scattering138小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering139沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium140沉降系数sedimentation coefficient141沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method142沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method143相对黏度relative viscosity144相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment145黏度比viscosity ratio146黏数viscosity number147[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer148毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer149落球黏度计ball viscometer150落球黏度ball viscosity151本体黏度bulk viscosity152比浓黏度reduced viscosity153比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscositynumber154特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number155黏度函数viscosity function156零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity157端基分析analysis of end group158蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO159辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation 160折光指数增量refractive index increment161瑞利比Rayleigh ratio162超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio163粒子散射函数particle scattering function164粒子散射因子particle scattering factor165齐姆图Zimm plot166散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering167解偏振作用depolarization168分级fractionation169沉淀分级precipitation fractionation170萃取分级extraction fractionation171色谱分级chromatographic fractionation172柱分级column fractionation173洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation174热分级thermal fractionation175凝胶色谱法gel chromatography176摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit177溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 178分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit179洗脱体积elution volume180普适标定universal calibration181加宽函数spreading function182链轴chain axis183等同周期identity period184链重复距离chain repeating distance185晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period186构象重复单元conformational repeating unit 187几何等效geometrical equivalence188螺旋链helix chain189构型无序configurational disorder190链取向无序chain orientational disorder191构象无序conformational disorder192锯齿链zigzag chain193双[股]螺旋double stranded helix194[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation195结晶聚合物crystalline polymer196半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer197高分子晶体polymer crystal198高分子微晶polymer crystallite199结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity 200高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism 201聚合物形态学morphology of polymer202片晶lamella, lamellar crystal203轴晶axialite204树枝[状]晶体dendrite205纤维晶fibrous crystal206串晶结构shish-kebab structure207球晶spherulite208折叠链folded chain209链折叠chain folding210折叠表面fold surface211折叠面fold plane212折叠微区fold domain213相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model 214接线板模型switchboard model215缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model216折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal217平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal218伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal219球状链晶体globular-chain crystal220长周期long period221近程结构short-range structure222远程结构long-range structure223成核作用nucleation224分子成核作用molecular nucleation225阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation226主结晶primary crystallization227后期结晶secondary crystallization 228外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallizationepitaxial growth229外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长230织构texture231液晶态liquid crystal state232溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal233热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal 234热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism 235近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal236近晶中介相smectic mesophase237近晶相smectic phase238条带织构banded texture239环带球晶ringed spherulite240向列相nematic phase241盘状相discotic phase242解取向disorientation243分聚segregation244非晶相amorphous phase 曾用名“无定形相”245非晶区amorphous region246非晶态amorphous state247非晶取向amorphous orientation248链段运动segmental motion249亚稳态metastable state250相分离phase separation251亚稳相分离spinodal decomposition252bimodal decomposition253微相microphase254界面相boundary phase255相容性compatibility256混容性miscibility257不相容性incompatibility258不混容性immiscibility259增容作用compatiibilizationlower critical solution temperature, LCST260最低临界共溶(溶解)温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST261最高临界共溶(溶解)温度262浓度猝灭concentration quenching263激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence264激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence265激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy266单轴取向uniaxial orientation267双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation268取向度degree of orientation269橡胶态rubber state270玻璃态glassy state271高弹态elastomeric state272黏流态viscous flow state273伸长elongation274高弹形变high elastic deformation275回缩性，弹性复原nerviness276拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio277泊松比Poisson's ratio278杨氏模量Young's modulus279本体模量bulk modulus280剪切模量shear modulus281法向应力normal stress282剪切应力shear stress283剪切应变shear strain284屈服yielding285颈缩现象necking 又称“细颈现象”286屈服应力yield stress287屈服应变yield strain288脆性断裂brittle fracture289脆性开裂brittle cracking290脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition291脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature292延性破裂ductile fracture293冲击强度impact strength294拉伸强度tensile strength 又称“断裂强度,breaking strength”295极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength296抗撕强度tearing strength 又称“抗扯强度”297弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength298弯曲模量bending modulus299弯曲应变bending strain300弯曲应力bending stress301收缩开裂shrinkage crack302剪切强度shear strength303剥离强度peeling strength304疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance305挠曲deflection306压缩强度compressive strength307压缩永久变形compression set308压缩变形compressive deformation309压痕硬度indentation hardness310洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness311布氏硬度Brinell hardness312抗刮性scrath resistance313断裂力学fracture mechanics314力学破坏mechanical failure315应力强度因子stress intensity factor316断裂伸长elongation at break317屈服强度yield strength318断裂韧性fracture toughness319弹性形变elastic deformation320弹性滞后elastic hysteresis321弹性elasticity322弹性模量modulus of elasticity323弹性回复elastic recovery324不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation325裂缝crack 俗称“龟裂”326银纹craze327形变；变形deformation328永久变形deformation set329剩余变形residual deformation330剩余伸长residual stretch331回弹，回弹性resilience332延迟形变retarded deformation333延迟弹性retarded elasticity334可逆形变reversible deformation335应力开裂stress cracking336应力-应变曲线stress strain curve337拉伸应变stretching strain338拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation339热历史thermal history340热收缩thermoshrinking341扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA342应力致白stress whitening343应变能strain energy344应变张量strain tensor345剩余应力residual stress346应变硬化strain hardening347应变软化strain softening348电流变液electrorheological fluid349假塑性pseudoplastic350拉胀性auxiticity351牛顿流体Newtonian fluid352非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid353宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid354冷流cold flow355牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity356剪切黏度shear viscosity357表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity358剪切变稀shear thinning359触变性thixotropy360塑性形变plastic deformation361塑性流动plastic flow362体积弛豫volume relaxation363拉伸黏度extensional viscosity364黏弹性viscoelasticity365线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity366非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity367蠕变creep368弛豫[作用] relaxation 又称“松弛”369弛豫模量relaxation modulus370蠕变柔量creep compliance371热畸变温度heat distortion temperature372弛豫谱relaxation spectrum373推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum374弛豫时间relaxation time375推迟时间retardation time376动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior 377动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity378热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve379动态转变dynamic transition380储能模量storage modulus381损耗模量loss modulus382复数模量complex modulus383复数柔量complex compliance384动态黏度dynamic viscosity385复数黏度complex viscosity386复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity 387介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor388介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant389介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time390玻璃化转变glass transition391玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature392次级弛豫secondary relaxation393次级转变secondary transition394次级弛豫温度secondary relaxation temperature 395开尔文模型Kelvin model396麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model四高分子加工技术和应用。

高分子材料工程专业英语翻译

Unit 1 What are polymers?What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。

To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands.与低分子化合物不同的是，普通盐的分子量仅仅是58.5，而高聚物的分子量高于105，甚至大于106。

These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much sma ller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds.这些大分子或“高分子”由许多小分子组成。

小分子相互结合形成大分子，大分子能够是一种或多种化合物。

To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound.举例说明，想象一组大小相同并由相同的材料制成的环。

史上最全——高分子材料与工程专业英语词汇大全

高分子材料与工程专业词汇大全（包含：一高分子化学二高分子反应三高分子物理四高分子加工技术和应用四大部分的全部词汇~~）一高分子化学新序码汉文名英文名注释1高分子macromolecule, polymer又称“大分子”。

2超高分子supra polymer3天然高分子natural polymer4无机高分子inorganic polymer5有机高分子organic polymer6无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer7金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer8元素高分子element polymer9高聚物high polymer10聚合物Polymer11低聚物Oligomer曾用名“齐聚物”。

12二聚体Dimer13三聚体Trimer14调聚物telomer15预聚物prepolymer16均聚物homopolymer17无规聚合物random polymer18无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer19头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer20头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer21尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer22反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer23顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer24规整聚合物regular polymer25非规整聚合物irregular polymer26无规立构聚合物atactic polymer27全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer又称“等规聚合物”。

28间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer又称“间规聚合物”。

29杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer又称“异规聚合物”。

30有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer 又称“有规聚合物”。

高分子材料工程专业英语(500词)

Substances & Agant Polymerization & 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene2-甲基-1,3-丁二烯initiationZiegler-Natta Z-N催化剂terminatephenyl苯基adherendsurfactant表面活性剂(的)bulk polymerizationallyl丙烯基glassyacrylonitrile丙烯腈glass transition temperatureacrylic丙烯酸的glassy stateshellac虫胶[漆]impervioussulfoxylate次硫酸盐pendant grouppromoter促进剂entanglementcatalyst催化剂embrittlementBuna-S丁苯橡胶dislocationbutadiene丁二烯macromoleculebutyl丁基monofunctionalBuna-N丁腈橡胶elastomerBuna丁钠橡胶elastomericbutene丁烯elastic parameterhydroquinone对苯二酚orientationdimethyl butadiene二甲基丁二烯packingdimer二聚物[体]polydispersediolefin二烯烃polydispersity diisopropylbenzene二异丙苯polyfunctionaldiamine二元胺nonelasticdiacid二元酸uncross-linkedaromatic芳香（族）的molecular weight distribution dispersant分散剂spacer groupbakelite酚醛树脂comonomerphotosensitizer光敏剂copolymerphosgene光气photodegradationtransition-metal过渡金属macromixingpersulfate过硫酸盐resiliencedextrin糊精active speciescorrosion inhibitor缓蚀剂living radical polymerization methyl methacrylate甲基丙烯酸甲酯matrixmethyl rubber甲基橡胶group transfer mechanism formaldehyde甲醛polyadditionalkali metal碱金属degradationpyrophosphate焦磷酸盐[酯]depropagationpolybutene聚丁烯crosslinkingpolysulphide rubber聚硫橡胶glue linepolycarbonate聚碳酸酯depolymerizationpolyamide聚酰胺reactivity ratiopolyethylene聚乙烯polymericpolyvinyl alcohol聚乙烯醇degree of polymerizationimpact polystyrene抗冲聚苯乙烯mean-square end-to-end distance antistatic agent抗静电剂unzipperingantioxidant抗氧剂dyeabilitylithium锂stereoregularitybitumen沥青stereoregularsulfuric acid硫酸segmentaluminum铝chain propagation chlorine氯（气）chain termination chloroprene氯丁二烯vulcanisesodium钠vulcanization naphthylamine萘胺molar cohesionferrous sulfate heptahydrate七水合硫酸亚铁heat-toleranthydroxyl羟基oil-resistancehydroxy acid羟基酸，含氧酸viscosity average weight hydrogen氢（气）plateletlubricant润滑剂mean resident time celluloid赛璐珞，假象牙orienttriphenylmethyl potassium三苯基甲基钾orientedtertiary三元的，叔[特]的isotacticpenetrant渗透剂dyecommon salt食盐thermosetcis-1,4-polyisoprene顺（式）聚异戊二烯pyrolysis tetrahydrofuran四氢呋喃thermoplasticrosin acid松香酸solution polymerization carboxyl羧基swellacetal缩醛swollentitanium钛melt indexchar炭compliancecarbonyl羰基emulsion polymerization extender添加剂，增量剂trimerhydrocarbon oil烃油extensibilitymenthane烷；薄荷烷number average weight alkyl烷基dualstabilizer稳定剂polycondensationolefinic烯烃的general-purpose parkesine硝化纤维素塑料micromixing flocculating agent絮凝剂random decomposition brine盐水atacticoxonium氧鎓，钖random coil ethylenediamine tetraacetate乙二胺四乙酸盐moisture absorption cellulose acetate乙酸纤维素coilingvinyl乙烯基的rubberyvinyl ether乙烯基醚dormant species isobutene异丁烯suspension polymerization isobutylene异丁烯stereospecific isocyanate异氰酸酯[盐]viscousisoprene异戊二烯viscoelastic stateinitiator引发剂viscosityperspex有机玻璃adhesive joint organometallic有机金属的viscofluid statealiphatic脂肪（族）的repeating unitshort-stop终止剂weight average weight candle wax烛用蜡step-growth polymerizationcocatalyst助催化剂backbone flame retardant阻燃剂special-purposeion & Nature Technics & Instruments Chemistry （链）引发instrument（用）仪器semicrystalline（链）终止Archimedean screw阿基米德螺杆saturation被粘物cell比色皿deformation本体聚合yield产率deterioration玻璃（态）的ultrasonic超声波[的]unsaturated玻璃化转变温度ultracentrifugation超速离心（分离）法irregularity玻璃态turning车削heterogeneous不透水的evacuate撤出，抽空mismatch侧基sedimentation沉降法precipitate缠结shaping成型settle脆裂dimensional stability尺寸稳定性ingredient错位raw product粗产品dimension大分子，高分子brittle脆的single bond单官能度的vat大桶uniaxial弹性体elastic modulus弹性模量electrovalent弹性体的conductive导电的kinetice弹性指数off-grade等外品deposit定向solder低温焊接multicomponent堆砌forging锻造reactant多分散的porosity多孔性Van der Waals' bones 多分散性secondary shaping operation二次成型（操作）Van der Waals force 多官能度的reactivity反应活性variance非弹性的reactive反应活性的exothermicity非交联的backmixing返混homopolar bond分子量分布spectroscopic分光镜的，光谱的amorphous隔离基团modify改性fractionation共聚单体destructive distillation干馏decomposition共聚物autoclave高压釜dissociation光降解azeotropic共沸物irradiation宏观混合pipework管道工程side reaction回弹力tubular reactor管式反应器isotropic活性种light scattering光散射covalent活性自由基聚合welding焊接conformation基体nuclear magnetic resonance核磁共振functional group基团转移机理nuclear track detector核径迹探测器synthesis加聚infrared spectroscopy红外光谱法synthesize降解surge tank缓冲槽synthetic降解devolatilizer挥脱器stoichiometric交联gyration回旋activation胶层ram活塞mechanism解聚piston flow活塞流heteropolar bond竞速[聚]率barrel机筒，料筒hydrogenation聚合的extrudate挤出物bond dissociation energy 聚合度squeez挤压latex均方末端距processing加工，成型colloid开链clamp夹紧，定位crystallinity可染性，染色度batch reactor间歇反应器empirical立构规整性[度]intermittent间歇式的crystalline立构规整性的agitation搅拌dissociate链段mixer搅拌器ion链增长medium介质；中间的ionic链终止close control精密控制mechanical property 硫化，硬化tensile strength抗张强度hydrostatic硫化，硬化dieforming口模成型complex摩尔内聚力chilled water冷冻水chlorination耐热的centrifuge离心gel耐油性ion exchange resin离子交换树脂coalesce黏均分子量screw extruder螺杆挤出机coagulate片晶seal密封concentration平均停留时间moulding模塑成型formulation取向model模型offset取向的stamping模压[冲压]成型simultaneous reaction 全同立构的grirding磨equilibrium染色；染料countercurrent逆流hydrogen bonding热固性的（塑料）planing刨heat transfer热解sprinkle喷洒thermodynamically 热塑性的（塑料）stock坯料，原料solvent溶液聚合braze钎接dissolution溶胀thermoforming热成型solubility溶胀的artifact人工制品configuration熔体流动率tree-neck flask三颈瓶dispersion force柔量three dimensionally ordered三维有序的flash distillation乳液聚合scalp筛子；筛分entropy三聚物[体]sintering烧结permeability伸长率elongation伸长率dissolve数均分子量coating涂布成型dehydrogenate双重的stripping tower脱单塔hydrolysis缩聚dewater脱水crumb通用的rotocasting离心浇注statistical微观混合stability稳定性transparency无规降解milling铣crystallite无规立构的parison型坯stabilization无规线团rotational moulding旋转成型inorganic吸湿性recycle reactor循环反应器amidation线团状的calendering压延成型eliminate橡胶（状）的diffraction pattern衍射图样[花纹]nitration休眠种Young's modulus杨氏模量cationic悬浮聚合perform预成形坯，锭料redox有规立构的，立体定向的carrier载体liquid crystal粘稠的cement粘接colligative粘弹态fabrication制造，装配anionic粘度[性]shot注料量attraction粘合点extrusion注射[挤出]成型stress粘流态injection moulding注塑成型esterification重复单元conversion转化（率）neutral重均分子量torsion转矩radical逐步聚合overall conversion总转化率free energy主链drilling钻minimum 专用的resident time distribution停留时间分布optimumistry & Basis General & Others 半晶abnormal反常的饱和aggravate加重，恶化变形性，形变align排列成行变质architecture结构不饱和的arrangement（空间）排布不规则性behavior性能，行为不均匀的，非均相的blockade封锁不匹配boundary界限，范围沉淀breakdown细目分类沉淀break-through突破成分categorization分类法尺寸categorize加以区别单键category种类单轴的characterize表征电价的collapse皱缩，塌瘪动力学的commence开始堆积物，沉淀commencement开始多组分consistency稠度，粘稠性反应物contact收缩范德华键contaminant污物范德华力contour外形方差cracking裂纹放热性critical决定性的非极性键defect缺陷非晶态的deficient不足的分级deplete耗尽分解differential微分的分裂，离解diffuse扩散辐照dimensionless无量纲的副反应disengage分开各项同性的disintegrate分散，分离共价的disposition陈列，布置构象drastic强烈的官能团exploit开拓合成facilitate使容易合成flake薄片合成的flexible柔软的化学当量的fragment碎片活化（作用）ideal理想的机理[制]ideally理想地极性键imbed嵌入，包埋加氢imperfect不完整的键断裂能impurity杂质胶乳indispensable不可缺少的胶体（的）ingenuity创造力，机敏结晶性[度]ingredient要素经验的instantaneous瞬时的晶态（的），结晶（的）integral必备的离解integration集成，综合离子interaction相互作用离子的intrinsic固有的力学[机械]性能latent潜在的流体静力学的line衬里络合物mediate传递，媒介氯化minimise最小化凝胶mobility流动性凝结mobilize流动，运动凝聚molten熔融的浓度morphology形态学配方occluded夹杂的偏移originate首创平行反应parabolic抛物线的平衡parameter参数氢键（结合）peculiarity特性热传递performance性能，特征热力学地perspective透视；观点溶剂pigment颜料溶解postulate假定溶解度powdery粉状的构型profile外形，轮廓色散力quench熄灭，抑制闪蒸radius半径熵recipracating往复的渗透性release解除，释放使溶解retract收缩使脱氢robust坚固耐用的水解rupture断裂碎屑，团粒sacrifice损失统计（学）的scale up放大透明性schematic示意性的微晶scheme计划稳定化simultaneously同时无机的slurry淤浆酰胺化sophisticated复杂的，尖端的消除specificity特异性，专一性硝化sponge海绵阳离子的subdivide细分氧化还原substitute取代液晶sustain维持依数的synonymous同义的阴离子的tanker油轮，槽车引力taper锥应力texture结构，组织酯化tread外胎中性的undergo经历，进行自由基uninterrupted连续的自由能variation变化最小值[的]versatile用途广泛的最优点[的]versatility多功能性，通用性。

高分子材料专业英语

高分子材料工程专业英语

高分子材料工程专业英语Polymer materials engineering is a specialized field that focuses on the design, synthesis, and application of polymers. These high-performance materials are integral to various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and medical sectors.The study of polymer materials engineering involves understanding the molecular structure and properties of polymers, which are large molecules composed of repeating structural units. This knowledge is crucial for developing materials with tailored characteristics to meet specific industrial needs.In the lab, students of polymer materials engineering engage in hands-on research, synthesizing new polymers and testing their mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties. This practical experience is essential for mastering the artof material innovation.One of the key applications of polymer materials is inthe development of composites, which combine the strengths of different materials to create a product with superior performance. These composites are lighter and stronger,making them ideal for use in high-performance vehicles and structures.Environmental sustainability is another critical aspectof polymer materials engineering. Researchers are constantly exploring ways to develop biodegradable and recyclable polymers to reduce the environmental impact of material production and disposal.The future of polymer materials engineering is promising, with ongoing advancements in nanotechnology and material science opening up new possibilities for innovation. Graduates in this field can expect to be at the forefront of creating the next generation of materials that will shape our world.。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

Group 5
在实验中，聚合速率应该根据这个系统的密度、折光率、粘度、或光吸收等许多性质决定的。测量密度是这些方法中最精确和最灵敏的（之一）。相比单体，聚合物的密度要增加20%~25%。在实际测定中，聚合系统的体积将以带出反应中到膨胀计中的方式进行测量。这个带有特殊构造的毛细管容器对于细小的体积变化可以有一个高度精确的测量。对于膨胀计法，是非常容易做到检测一个非常小的聚合的。
聚乙烯 23. anionic
阴离子的 28. termination 终止
4.molecule
5.polymerization
分子
聚合反应
9. compound 10.molecular weight
化合物
分子量
14.characteristic 15. sodium chloride
特征
氯化钠
19. polystyrene 20.polyvinylchloride
Basic Writing II
10. Other Important Remarks About Polymer Science, Summary, Q & A
1.polymer
聚合物 6. gas 气体 11. synthesis 合成 16. product
产物 21. radical
自由基 26. initiation 引发
（2）对于离子聚合来说，不存在通过再结合反应而进行的强迫链终止，因为生长链之间不能发生反应。链终止反应仅仅通过杂质而发生，或者说通过加入某些像水、醇、酸、胺或氧这样的化合物进行加成而发生，且一般来说（链终止反应）可通过这样的化合物来进行，这种化合物可以和活性聚合物离子进行反应，形成中性聚合物或没有聚合活性的离子型聚合物。如果引发剂仅仅部分地离解，引发反应即为一个平衡反应，在出现平衡反应的场合，在一个方向上进行链引发反应，而在另一个方向上则发生链终止反应。
词汇部分
苯乙烯： Phenylethylene ---styrene 传播: propagation 聚氯乙烯： polyvinyl alcohol
UNIT 4 Ionic Polymerization
Ionic polymerization, similar to radial polymerization, also has the mechanism of a chain reaction. The kinetics of ionic polymerization are, however, considerably different from that of radical polymerization.
Group 2
1.聚合反应速率可以通过实验中对反应体系的几种性能的改变的测试来跟踪获得，比如，密度，折光率，黏度，或者是吸光度。在这几种技术中密度测试是最为精确和最灵敏的。对于许多单体的聚合，密度常常（比原来）会增加20%至25%。在实际的操作中，聚合体系的体积可以通过在膨胀计中进行的反应来测量。这是一种经过特殊构造的容器，拥有一个即使体积变化很小也能够高精密测试的毛细管。通过膨胀计法检测出万分之一（体积变化）也并不是罕见现象。
In general ionic polymerization can be initiated through acidic or basic compounds. For cationic polymerization, complexes of BF3, AlCl3, TiCl4, and SnCl4 with water, or alcohols, or tertiary oxonium salts have shown themselves to be particularly active. The positive ions are the ones that cause chain initiation. For example:
(1)离子聚合的引发反应仅需要很小的活化能。因此，聚合反应的速率仅对温度有较少的依赖性。在许多情况下离子聚合反应较剧烈，甚至在低于50℃的时候（例如，苯乙烯的阴离子聚合反应在-70℃在四氢呋喃中，或异丁烯的阳离子聚合在-100℃在液态乙烯中）。
(2) With ionic polymerization there is no compulsory chain termination through recombination, because the growing chains can not react with each other. Chain termination takes place only through impurities, or through the addition of certain compounds such as water, alcohols, acids, amines, or oxygen, and in general through compounds which can react with polymerization ions under the formation of neutral compounds or inactive ionic species. If the initiators are only partly dissociated, the initiation reaction is an equilibrium reaction, where reaction in one direction gives rise to chain initiation and in the other direction to chain termination.
聚合反应速率可通过测量体系中任一性质的变化，如密度、折射率、黏度或者吸光度等，进行实验跟踪。 (其中,) 密度测量法是最精确和灵敏的技术之一。大多数单体经聚合反应后密度会增加20~50%。实际操作时，聚合体系的体积可通过在膨胀计中进行反应而测得。这种带有毛细管的特殊构造容器，可以高度精确测量微小的体积变化。通过膨胀计法探测到万分之一的聚合反应变化也是不足为奇的。
Group 7
聚合速率可以通过测量实验中系统的密度，折射率，粘度，光吸收度等任意一种属性的改变量来获得。而其中的密度测量又属于其中最精密，最灵敏的技术。对许多单体的聚合，其密度的增加量能达到20%至30%。在实际操作中，聚合系统的体积可以通过将反应在膨胀剂中进行来测量。膨胀仪是一种连有毛细管的特殊结构的器皿，其中的毛细管能够十分精准地测量出细微的体积变化。通过膨胀仪法而探测到几百分之一的聚合度也是并不罕见的现象。
Group 1
1、Translate the following into Chinese. 聚合反应速率也许可以通过实验方法测量系统任意一个性能的变化比如密度、折
射率、黏度或吸光度（的变化）来跟踪。密度的测量是这些方法中最敏锐精确的技术（之一）。就许多单体参加的聚合反应中密度增长了20%至25%。在实际操作中聚合反应体系的体积是通过在一个膨胀计（中）进行反应时来测量的。这是个有一根毛细管的特别构造容器，它（使得装置）可以高度精确测量到很小的体积变化。能用膨胀技术发现几万分之一的聚合反应这是不常见的。
2.macromolecul e
大分子 7. liquid 液体 12. double bond 双键 17.polybutadien
e 聚丁二烯 22. cationic
阳离子的 27.propagation 增长
3. monomer
单体 8. solid 固体 13. viscosity 粘度 18. polyethylene
7. Morphology of Solid Polymers (Unit 8)
Translation of Scientific Articles II
8. Structure and Properties of Polymers (Unit 9)
Basic Writing I
9. Functional Polymers (Unit 11)
Group 6
聚合速率在实验上可以通过测量体系的性质的变化来追踪，例如：密度、折光率、粘度或者吸光度。密度的测量在这些测量方法中是最精确也是最灵敏的（方法之一）. 对于很多单体来说，在聚合反应中密度会增加20%——25%。在实际的操作中，聚合体系的体积是通过膨胀计的反应变化来测量的，膨胀计是用毛细管特别制作的仪器，它使得即使是很小的体积变化，也能高精确度地测量。用膨胀计法是的检测使百万分之一的聚合反应变得很普通很简单。
Group 3
1.聚合反应的程度可以通过测定体系任意几个特性的改变来实验性的加以表征，例如密度、折射率、粘度或者吸光度。密度测定属于最精确和最灵敏的技术（之一）。对于许多种单体，密度在聚合反应中增长20%~25%。在实际实践中，聚合体系的体积是通过使反应在膨胀计中进行来测定的。这是一个特别制造的带有一根毛细管的容器，它能够高精度的测量出微小的体积变化。通过膨胀计技术，能够观察到几万分之一的聚合反应（变 for Polymer Materials and Engineering (1)
李文上海大学材料学院高分子材料系
2012年11月26日，第四周
Schedule of the Lecture
6. Polymer Solution (Unit 7)
Translation of Scientific Article I
聚苯乙烯 24. initiator
引发剂 29. mechanism 机理
聚氯乙烯
25.chain polymerization
连锁(链式)聚合
30. kinetic 动力学
上节课作业
The polymerization rate may be experimentally followed by measuring the changes in any of several properties of the system such as density, refractive index, viscosity, or light absorption. Density measurements are among the most accurate and sensitive of the techniques. The density increases by 20~50 percent on polymerization for many monomers. In actual practice the volume of the polymerizing system is measured by carrying out the reaction in a diatometer. This is specially constructed vessel with a capillary tube which allows a highly accurate measurement of small volume changes. It is not uncommon to be able to detect a few hundredths of a percent polymerization by the diatometer technique