中高级英语口译速记

口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。

记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。

人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。

顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。

影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。

即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。

因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。

做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。

口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。

口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。

2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。

3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。

只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。

例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。

4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually),等。

有效的笔记系统影响口译质量的一大原因是笔记得当与否口译笔记是辅助记忆的手段，是在听讲过程中用简单的文字或符号记下讲话内容中能刺激记忆的关键词。

通过关键词能够提示考生讲话人所表述的意思，掌握其表述内容的前因后果、上下文的逻辑关系。

除此之外，数字、地点、人名容易一听就忘，所以也要及时记下这些必要的细节。

但是如果考生将精力完全集中在笔记上，而忽视了对摄入信息的分析理解和加工处理，那么笔记反倒会成为口译的绊脚石。

所以考生一定要遵从“大脑记忆为主，笔记为辅”的基本原则，不能过分依赖笔记。

掌握了战略原则，接下来要考虑的自然是“怎样记笔记”这个战术问题了。

“怎样记”是一个因人而异的问题，理论上以目标语加符号为宜，如“powerful country”记作“强□”，“我同意”记作“I√”,“观点，看法一致”记作“⊙ same”，“economic development”记作“经↑”等等。

用目标语记录能够帮助考生脱离原语的语言外壳，使笔记成为表达的雏形，为表达提供便利。

不过理论归理论，遇到具体情况还应具体处理，考生完全可以采用自己认为最迅速，最简短的方法记录。

比如汉译英时，汉语是母语，用汉语记，自然反应更快，记得更准，所以何乐而不为。

相反，只要英文记录相对容易，就不必拘泥于上述的理论，锁住自己的手脚。

还有英汉双语混用，也都是口译笔记个性化的体现。

值得注意的是，无论用原语还是目标语，缩略语还是符号，关键是要能将记录下来的内容复原成完整正确的信息，千万不能造成识别的误区。

以下举考试中的两个实例来说明口译笔记的一些基本要领：(1) As an American manager of a Sino-American joint venture for two years, I have to say that there are differences in business management between Chinese and Americans. //We are more direct and straightforward than most Chinese colleagues due to our different cultural traditions. //I can’t say our way of doing business is absolutely superior. Arter all, there are strong points and weak points in both types of management. //In recent years, more and more American business executives have recognized the strong points of the more humane way of Chinese management.美经中美合企 2年 I 说 dif@bus. man. 中←→美//we 更直率比中←不同文传//I x 我 bus. ++ 毕有 + & - @both //近年美企exe. 强: hu 中管//(2)今晚，我们很高兴在北京大学再次接待我们的老朋友格林博士和夫人。

//我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫人及其他新西兰贵宾表示热烈的欢迎。

//我相信格林博士这次对我校的访问，必将为进一步加强两校的友好合作关系作出重要的贡献。

//明天，贵宾们将要赴南京和上海访问，我预祝大家一路旅途愉快。

今eve we J 北大再接老朋 Dr Green&Mrs //I 代全staff →Dr.&Mrs. G & 其 NZ 宾: wel //I Bel Gr 我sch 访友合重贡//tom 宾 go 南 & 上 I wish nice trip//总之，记笔记是为了突出中心，提示难点，给短期记忆一臂之力，所以笔记的方法一定要得当。

逐字逐句地记录既办不到也不必要，还会分散精力影响听的效果。

口译笔记应简短、清晰、易辨，寥寥几个关键词，能为理解后的表达起到很好的提示作用。

口译笔记有一定的规则可循，但又具有强烈的个性化，因此考生必须在反复练习的基础上，发展一套适合自己特点的笔记体系，在实践中不断完善，并通过优化了的笔记系统提高口译质量。

1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily.A good idea is tointroduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizableabbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever theterm, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CASthereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, anapostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide arecognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can besubstituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets ofsymbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。